Asghar Ali

• PhD
• Professor (Associate) at Sindh Agriculture University

Importance: Gastrointestinal nematodiasis poses significant economic losses in the livestock industry due to mortality, morbidity, and decreased production. Objective: This study examined the prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodiasis in dairy cattle in Central Inner Mongolia, Northern China, the associated risk factors, and the effects on the...

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is a highly contagious and economically devastating pathogen that affects cloven-hoofed animals worldwide. FMDV infection causes vesicular lesions in the mouth, feet, and mammary glands, as well as severe systemic symptoms such as fever, salivation, and lameness. The pathogenesis of FMDV infection involves comple...

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral infection that affects cloven-hoofed animals, including small ruminants such as sheep and goats. FMD causes severe economic losses due to reduced productivity, trade restrictions, and control measures. The epidemiology and transmission of FMD among small ruminants are influenced by various f...

OBJECTIVE Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious disease in ruminants that causes significant economic losses worldwide. However, the prevalence of FMD virus (FMDV) in small ruminants has been overlooked in Pakistan. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of FMD in sheep and goats in the border area between Pakistan and Afghanist...

Brucella melitensis, Chlamydophila (=Chlamydia) abortus and Coxiella burnetii are common abortifacient bacterial pathogens in sheep and goats. The establishment of active animal surveillance is essential to detect incidences as outbreaks of infections in small ruminants. The current study was planned to determine presence of these bacterial organis...

Background: Among life-threatening infections of small ruminants (sheep/goat), enterotoxaemia has vital importance. This disease is caused by certain serotype of Clostridium perfringens and commonly known as pulpy kidney or overeating infection. The current study was carried out to determine the prevalence of C. perfringens in small ruminants in di...

Background Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious disease that impacts cloven-hoofed animals globally. The illegal trade of livestock between the border regions of Pakistan and Afghanistan can contribute to the spread of this disease. This study focuses on investigating the outbreaks of FMD that occurred in this area from June 2020 to...

Essential oils (EO), ascorbic acid, sugars, carotenoids, flavonoids, dietary fiber, polyphenols, and trace minerals are found in citrus residue. It gives animals energy and promotes health. On a dry matter basis, the citrus pulp is composed of 7% crude protein, 14% crude fiber, 21.6% nitrogen detergent fiber, 2.5% fat, 24.4% total sugars, and 12.1%...

Introduction Diabetes and thyroid dysfunction often co-exist. One autoimmune disorder always invites another and it has been reported that such co-morbid ailments always become detrimental to the health of the patients. Materials and methods In our previous work, we elucidated the interactions of diabetes and hypothyroidism on testicular developme...

Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia (CCPP) is a serious and economically important respiratory disease which causes significant losses in goat population throughout Asia, Middle East, Europe and Africa. In order to investigate the seroprevalence of CCPP in goat population of Sindh province, a total of 800 serum samples from four districts of Sindh (...

Foodborne pathogens are spreading to humans through contamination of raw and cooked meat because of its inappropriate processing, handling and cooking. Therefore this research was performed for the evaluation of bacterial contamination from raw and cooked fish, mutton and beef sold by retailors in district Hyderabad. During present study, 150 total...

This handbook focuses on the use of antibiotic alternatives in poultry and fish feed. Chapters in the book cover a range of natural ingredients in feed and the impacts of these natural feed additives on growth, production, reproduction and health status of poultry and fish. All chapters give a holistic approach to how organic feed additives (herbal...

Since ancient times, the Cucurbitaceae family is used as a therapeutic option in human medicine. This family has around 130 genera and 800 species. Researchers have studied the various plants of this family including Lagenaria siceraria due to their medicinal potential. Various properties are beneficial for human health, that have been attributed t...

Since ancient times, the Cucurbitaceae family is used as a therapeutic option in human medicine. This family has around 130 genera and 800 species. Researchers have studied the various plants of this family including Lagenaria siceraria due to their medicinal potential. Various properties are beneficial for human health, that have been attributed t...

The assessment and management of urologic chronic pelvic pain syndrome (UCPPS), is controversial. It is classified by voiding symptoms, pelvic pain, and bladder pain, which is weekly treated, weekly understood, and bothersome. In the aspect of clinical efforts and research to help people with this syndrome have been hampered by the deficiency of a...

Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) is a non-destructive and rapid meat analytical technique. Since meat has high proton content, the quality of fresh meat can be assessed by exciting proton spin using NMR laboratory apparatus. NMR allows the assessment of intrinsic properties including animal development stages and muscle type, as well a...

Increased demand for animal protein and high cost as well as shortage of conventional feed ingredients has driven the dire need to search for alternative protein and energy sources to be incorporated in poultry feed. Insects may be one of the alternative feed source which can be used as a good quality, low-cost and sustainable ingredients of poultr...

Azolla (Azolla pinnata) is a heterosporous aquatic fern distributed all around the world. Azolla looks like other typical ferns that are green in colour however it looks more like duckweed or mosses, freely floating on the water surface. It can be used in animal and poultry feed as a protein source. Azolla has several pharmacological effects and ca...

Azolla (Azolla pinnata) is a heterosporous aquatic fern distributed all around the world. Azolla looks like other typical ferns that are green in colour however it looks more like duckweed or mosses, freely floating on the water surface. It can be used in animal and poultry feed as a protein source. Azolla has several pharmacological effects and ca...

Traditional medicines are becoming more popular as people become more aware of the dangers of synthetic pharmaceuticals. Tribulus terrestris L., (Gokharu) an annual herbaceous plant, has been extensively utilized by herbalists for numerous medicinal purposes. T. terrestris has been studied for its multiple therapeutic effects, including immunomodul...

Foodborne pathogens are spreading to humans through contamination of raw and cooked meat because of its inappropriate processing, handling and cooking. Therefore this research was performed for the evaluation of bacterial contamination from raw and cooked fish, mutton and beef sold by retailors in district Hyderabad. During present study, 150 total...

Inferior product developmental characteristics, high yield losses and low consumer acceptability cause hefty monitory losses to the broiler meat processing industry. This study, therefore, investigated the approach of nutritional intervention to combat these concerns. Breast meat samples were obtained from the broilers given zinc (Zn from ZnSO 4) s...

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is considered to be a grave threat to humans and animals. Ginsenoside Rb1 (Rb1) has been reported for its antioxidant potential and medicinal properties. However, the shielding effects of Rb1 and the precise molecular mechanisms against DON-induced immunotoxicity in mice have not been reported yet. In the present research, 4-we...

Current study investigated the dietary effect of vitamin D and phytase on performance, blood mineral level and slaughter parameters in broiler chicken. Diet A was without vitamin D and phytase supplementation (control). Diets B, C, D, E, F and G were supplemented with phytase at the rate of 400 FTU/kg, 800 FTU/kg, vitamin D 4000 IU/kg, 8000 IU/kg,...

The current research trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of a non-antibiotic growth promoter on growth performance and histomorphology in broiler chickens. One hundred and twenty day-old broiler chicks were randomly distributed into four treatment groups with three replicates per treatment (10 chicks per replicate) under Completely Randomiz...

The study aimed to explore the effect of dietary supplementation of synbiotics on growth performance, carcass characteristics and nutrient digestibility in broiler chicken. For this purpose, three hundred 1-day-old Cobb-500 broiler chicks were purchased from the hatchery and randomly distributed into five dietary treatment groups. Each treatment ha...

Smooth recovery from anaesthesia is vital in the restrain and surgery of animals, including birds. In birds, ketamine is often combined with alph2 agonists, which are respiratory depressants to ensure safe or balanced anaesthesia. The timing of administration and the effect on recovery for specific alhpa2 agonist antidotes in birds have not been wi...

The extensive and abuse of antibiotics have contributed to the universal spread of antibiotic resistance (AR). Commercial poultry birds harbor more antibiotic-resistant microorganisms than the backyard chicken, but the status is not published in quails. This study was designed to investigate the status of AR microbiota in C0: backyard chickens, C1:...

The present study was designed to investigate the pathology and transmission of experimental velogenic viscerotropic newcastle disease (VVND) in Japanese quails and mynas. Both birds were divided into Q1, Q2, Q3, M1, M2 and M3 group each of four bird. The birds of group Q1, M1 and Q2, M2 were administered with 0.3ml of VVND virus (1.8×10 9 EID 50)...

The present research aimed to investigate the individual and combined antimicrobial potential of plant essential oils (EOs) viz., tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia), clove (Syzygium aromaticum), basil (Ocimum basilicum), and thyme (Thymus vulgaris) against bovine wound isolates. Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes...

The present study was conducted to find out the seroprevalence of brucellosis in camels of Sibi, Pakistan. A total of 100 serum samples, 50 each from male and female camels were collected from district Sibi, Pakistan and analyzed by competitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA), and rose Bengal plate test (RBPT). The overall seroprevalence...

Poultry is a one of the biggest meat-producing industries in the world. The success story of the poultry industry largely depends upon continuous research and knowledge sharing. This book is an effort to disseminate the latest information on poultry research among poultry producers, young researchers, students, and farm managers. In this concise te...

The study of both unicellular and multicellular living beings and the diseases they produce from a biological point of view requires constant review of their relationship with their host and environment, given their indisputable sanitary importance. In this sense, in parasitology and microbiology, updated and concise information on life cycle, taxo...

L-theanine (γ-Glutamylethylamide) is a non-protein water soluble amino acid (AA) mostly occurred in leaves of Camellia sinensis (green tea). This is a key component of green tea, and is considered as the most abundant form of total amino acids in green tea (i.e. about 50%). L-theanine is an exclusive taste ingredient of tea producing an attractive...

The present study investigated the status of peste des petits ruminants (PPR) for the first time in the camels of Pakistan. The samples were collected from the camel residing area of Sindh, Pakistan, and analyzed for breeds (Dhatti and Larri), districts (Tharparkar and Umerkot), age (young, adult, and old), and sexes (male and female). The sera sam...

Preface The analysis of ribosomal sequences of parasitic life agents has shown the extreme differentiation of the groups to which they belong, with distances magnitudes greater than those observed between mammals and fish. Hence there is a need for continuous research of the different aspects that determine parasitic life. These include microbial...

Preface: Poultry - An Advanced Learning is a unique compilation as it contains all advanced aspects of poultry production, i.e., from housing design/management to production parameters like production-improving strategies (from the use of traditional herbs to advanced biotechnological tools) and data analysis as well. Thus, this book will be of...

Respiratory infection causes high economic and production losses in commercial poultry therefore, this study was conducted to record the prevalence of bacterial infection in commercial poultry farms. Out of 100 samples, nasal (n=50), tracheal (n=50) were collected from selected areas Detha, Moosa Khatian, Tando Hyder and Tando Qaisar, n= 25 from ea...

Early diagnosis of mammary gland tumors is a challenging task in animals, especially in unspayed dogs. Hence, this study investigated the role of microsatellite instability (MSI), MMR gene mRNA transcript levels and SNPs of MMR genes in canine mammary gland tumors (CMT). A total of 77 microsatellite (MS) markers in 23 primary CMT were selected from...

It is well documented that life expectancy in developed countries at birth is going to increase from the 20th century. However, regrettably, a potential decline in life expectancy has been proposed for these nations in the 21st century due to a rapid upsurge in the prevalence of fatal degenerative diseases like cardiovascular diseases (CVD), cancer...

Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia) is a well-recognized and widely distributed traditional plant that is used successfully in Indian Ayurveda medicine. T. cordifolia has shown many promising biological activities, such as antioxidative, antimicrobial, antihyperglycemic, anti-inflammatory, osteoprotective, hepatoprotective, antidiarrheal, and antistress...

Ethnoveterinary practices are very common in Pakistan due to the poor socioeconomic status of the rural farmers. The traditional veterinary healers are therefore getting more attention from farmers. Thirty mastitic goats were selected and divided into five equal groups viz; A, B1, B2, C1 and C2. Groups were treated as A: control (no treatment), B1:...

Coffee is a composite mixture of more than a thousand diverse phytochemicals like alkaloids, phenolic compounds, vitamins, carbohydrates, lipids, minerals and nitrogenous compounds. Coffee has multifunctional properties as a food additive and nutraceutical. As a nutraceutical, coffee has anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, antidyslipidemic, anti-obesi...

Heat stress causes significant economic losses in poultry production, especially in tropical and arid regions of the world. Several studies have investigated the effects of heat stress on the welfare and productivity of poultry. The harmful impacts of heat stress on different poultry types include decreased growth rates, appetites, feed utilization...

Cardiac troponin I (cTnI) is an important biomarker of acute myocardial infarction (MI) in animals and human beings. Nevertheless, no immunohistochemical study has been reported about the pattern of myocardial cTnI egression in a minimally invasive model. The present study intended to establish a minimally invasive model of MI and to evaluate the d...

Coffee is a composite mixture of more than a thousand diverse phytochemicals like alkaloids, phenolic compounds, vitamins, carbohydrates, lipids, minerals and nitrogenous compounds. Coffee has multifunctional properties as a food additive and nutraceutical. As a nutraceutical, coffee has anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, antidyslipidemic, anti-obesi...

The aim of this project was to investigate the effect of dietary inclusion of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) on nutrient digestibility and immune response of caged layers during summer when the temperature exceeds 40 ̊C. For immune response trial, White Leghorn layers (n=160; 24 weeks old) were purchased from a poultry farm and were divided into five...

Supplementing flavonoids in poultry diets has shown the potential to progress the nutritional, sensorial and microbiological quality of poultry meat and eggs. In the last decade, several studies have determined the benefits of flavonoids for inhibition of lipid oxidation and microbial growth, check any pH-dependent deterioration and improve the col...

BACKGROUND Hospital wastewaters may contain antibiotic resistant bacteria such as Escherichia coli. These E. coli harbor integron genes that are responsible for antibiotic resistance. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the frequency of class 1 and 2 integrons in environmental antibiotic resistant E. coli strains isolated from the hos...

The Tibetan cashmere goat is one of the main goat breeds used by people living in the plateau. It exhibits the distinct phenotypic characteristics observed in lowland goats, allowing them to adapt to the challenging conditions at high altitudes. It provides an ideal model for understanding the genetic mechanisms underlying high-altitude adaptation...

Since high-temperature cooking (>95 °C) deteriorates duck meat quality, a lower temperature (70 °C) with high-pressure (400 MPa) were investigated. Duck breast was subjected to salting/pickling treatment prior to heating-alone (70 °C) or HPP with heating (P + H) for 10 or 20 min. These were compared with a Cooked-control (80 °C at 0.1 MPa). Compare...

An investigation in buffaloes was carried out in Hyderabad and Tando Allahyar districts, Sindh province, Pakistan to determine the prevalence of bovine tuberculosis. The buffaloes (n=120) were first screened through single intradermal tuberculin test (SITT), then their sera were used for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Attempts were furt...

In commercial farming, frequent use of antimicrobial agents probably results in the occurrence of resistance in bacterial flora present in the gastrointestinal tract. Backyard/free range chicken farming is known as a typical example of backyard farming. This kind of poultry farming differs in many ways from commercial poultry farming, e.g., in feed...

Backyard poultry farming differs in many ways from commercial poultry farming, as it entirely deals natural feed and management conditions without the use of in-feed antibiotics. The current study investigated the antimicrobial resistance profiles of Escherichia coli and Salmonella isolated from intestine of backyard and commercial broiler chickens...

Flavonoids are natural compounds derived from different types of vegetables, fruits, and medicinal herbal plants. Hesperidin, a flavanone (a class of flavonoids) glycoside is found abundantly in citrus fruits such as oranges, lemons tangerines and limes and is known to possess significant benefits, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-stress, antioxidan...

Cinnamon is a common spice obtained from the bark of Cinnamon tree (Cinnamomum zeylanicum). It has been used for culinary, as well as medicinal, purposes since ancient times in various countries. Apart from substantial amounts of several nutrients, including carbohydrates, proteins, choline, vitamins (A, K, C, B3), and minerals, several biological...

Medicinal plants are essential parts of traditional medicine due to their phytochemical constituents having pharmacological values and therapeutic properties. Black tea have thousands of various biological compounds such as flavanols (Thearubigins (TRs) and theaflavins (TFs) and catechins), amino acids (L.theanine), vitamins (A, C, K), flavonols (Q...

Background: Punica granatum L. (pomegranate), is a shrub mostly available in the Mediterranean Sea region. The fruits have gained the substantial attention among researchers due to its promising biological activities including anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antidiarrheal, immune modulatory, antitumor, wound healing and antifungal that have been...

Echinacea purpurea is one of the most widely used medicinal herbs that is of interest to animal scientists due to its valuable immuno-stimulatory and anti-inflammatory properties. It is thought that it activates the immune system through stimulating T-cell production, lymphocytic activity, phagocytosis, cellular respiration and inhibiting the secre...

Present study was carried out to evaluate the common adultrants practiced in market milk at the vicinity of Hyderabad city. In first experiment, a total of 100 unprocesed milk samples (five from each retailer sale points) were collected and examined during the summer season. Market milk was mainly adulterated with water, formalin, cane sugar (CS),...

The current study investigated the effects of phytochemicals genistein and/or hesperidin dietary supplementation on immunity and haematology of growing broilers. A total of 360 1-day-old broiler chicks (Arbor Acres, mixed sex) were randomly assigned to six treatment groups, namely T0, control; T1 and T2, supplemented with 5 and 20 mg of genistein a...

Flavonoids are ubiquitous plant metabolites, constitute an important group of natural compounds with various biologic activities and have been the subject of great interest for scientific research. Citrus flavonoids have been established as an important sub-class of flavonoids. Naringin is a prime example that is a natural flavanone glycoside, foun...

Phenolic acids have recently gained substantial attention due to their various practical, biological and pharmacological effects. Chlorogenic Acid (CGA, 3-CQA) is a most abundant isomer among caffeoylquinic acid isomers (3-, 4-, and 5-CQA), that currently known as 5-CQA as per guidelines of IUPAC. It is one of the most available acids among phenoli...

Propolis is a resinous beehive product also known as bee glue that is collected by honeybees from several plants. Honeybee insects blend this viscous and non-toxic substance with the help of their salivary gland secretions and flecks of wax produced by special abdominal glands. It possesses valuable properties such as immuno-modulatory, anti-inflam...

Among many challenges, exposure to aflatoxins, particularly aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), is one of the major concerns in poultry industry. AFB1 intoxication results in decreased meat/egg production, hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, disturbance in gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and reproduction, immune suppression, and increased disease susceptibility. Seleniu...

The present study investigated the level of Bacillus anthracis (B. anthracis) spores contamination in the soil, as well as in small ruminant’s wool/hair in Tharparkar, Pakistan. A total of 160 samples, including soil (n= 80), sheep wool (n= 40) and goat hair (n= 40) were collected from different areas of Tharparkar. Results showed that almost 33.75...

The current study investigated dietary effects of soy genistein (SG) and citrus hesperidin (CH) on microbial spoilage and antioxidant quality of chicken meat. Broilers were divided to six treatment groups: control (C), SG and CH, supplemented with 5 mg of SG and 20 mg of CH per kg of feed, respectively, and SGCH1, SGCH2 and SGCH3, supplemented with...

| Bacillus anthracis (B. anthracis) is a spore-forming bacteria that causes anthrax in animals, including small ruminants. The present study, for the first time investigated the B. anthracis spores contamination in small ruminant’s wool/hair in district Tharparkar, Pakistan. Randomly selected sheep and goats (n=40 each) were used for sample collect...

Mycobacterium bovis is known to cause significant economic losses to livestock industry in developing countries including Pakistan. Carrier animals with asymptomatic state shed pathogens through many ways as in saliva, nasal or oral secretions, milk, urine etc. In present study, milk and nasal discharge samples were used for the isolation of M. bov...

Clostridium chauvoei is one of the deadly micro-organism that causes disease in cattle and sheep. We tested Clostridium chauvoei on different culture media, physio-biochemical agents and antibiotics. The best growth of organism was observed on blood and nutrient agar at pH 7.2-7.5, and temperature in between 37- 40°C. No effect of centrifugation wa...

The present study demonstrated the prevalence of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) -producing enterobacteriaceae in liver samples of commercial broilers (commercial broilers) and backyard chickens (backyard chickens). Results demonstrated that Escherichia coli (E. coli) was the most common isolate recovered from both commercial broilers (44.5...

The present study demonstrated the prevalence of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) -producing enterobacteriaceae in liver samples of commercial broilers (commercial broilers) and backyard chickens (backyard chickens). Results demonstrated that Escherichia coli (E. coli) was the most common isolate recovered from both commercial broilers (44.5...

Plant flavonoids are generally regarded as natural replacers of synthetic growth promoters in poultry production. This study investigated the immunomodulatory effects of plant flavonoids, such as genistein and hesperidin, in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged broilers. A total of 700 21-day-old commercial Arbor Acres broiler chicks were randomly a...

Present study was carried out to demonstrate the bacterial organisms responsible for subclinical mastitis in goats. A total of 200 milk samples were collected from two hundred quarters of goats from surroundings of Tandojam and analysed for subclinical mastitis using California Mastitis Test (CMT) and conventional bacterial culture technique. A tot...

Coliform mastitis is still significantly problematic disease to treat and control in practice, which is testament to the intricacy and mutability of the condition. We examined 103 mastitis E. coli isolates collected from 22 dairy farms in eastern China, for their serotypes and prevalence of virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes. Of the sixte...