Asaad Almssad

• Associate Professor/Head of Division Building Technology at Karlstads Universitet

This study takes a unique approach by investigating the integration of Brain–Computer Interfaces (BCIs) and Building Information Modeling (BIM) within residential architecture. It explores their combined potential to foster neuro-responsive, sustainable environments within the framework of Construction 5.0. The methodological approach involves real...

This study conducts an in-depth analysis of the interplay between sustainable industrial growth and integrated industrial urban environments, proposing a novel paradigm for urban production. The aim of this study is to combine sustainable industrial growth with its integration into urban environments, to establish a new and novel way to seamlessly...

This chapter examines integrating innovative clay materials within modern architecture’s environmental stewardship framework. Focusing on clay, it emphasizes its role in sustainable design and construction, driven by escalating ecological concerns and the need for green development. The chapter highlights clay’s enduring appeal, resilience, energy...

In this study, we critically examine the potential of recycled construction materials, focusing on how these materials can significantly reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and energy usage in the construction sector. By adopting an integrated approach that combines Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Material Flow Analysis (MFA) within the circular...

The construction and real estate sectors exert significant environmental, economic, and social impacts. The implementation of environmentally friendly practices in construction offers numerous advantages. Sustainable building practices provide a morally and economically viable solution to address the issues of excessive resource consumption and adv...

This article explores the possible ramifications of incorporating ideas from AEC Industry 6.0 into the design and construction of intelligent, environmentally friendly, and long-lasting structures. This statement highlights the need to shift away from the current methods seen in the AEC Industry 5.0 to effectively respond to the increasing requirem...

The pressing concern of climate change and the imperative to mitigate CO2 emissions have significantly influenced the selection of outdoor plant species. Consequently, evaluating CO2’s environmental effects on plants has become integral to the decision-making process. Notably, reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from buildings is significant in...

Hybrid learning is a complex combination of face-to-face and online learning. This model combines the use of multimedia materials with traditional classroom work. Virtual hybrid learning is employed alongside face-to-face methods. That aims to investigate using Artificial Intelligence (AI) to increase student engagement in hybrid learning settings....

Ph.D. students need to be supervised by someone with an international reputation so that the name on the recommendation letter carries weight. But they also must not be professors traveling from place to place, frequently leaving campus, and missing mentoring sessions to advance their careers. They have to be recognized, well-known, but also able t...

Sustainable innovation entails realizing society-oriented value creation in an environment-friendly manner. A smart city can be viewed as a holistic paradigm that avails of state-of-the-art information and communication technologies (ICTs, in other words) to advance the so-called “Internet of Things.” This aids the management of urban processes and...

The process of combining various parts to create a structure is called building. The most effective and significant component of any construction is masonry. The Colosseum, buildings from ancient Greece and Rome, Central American buildings, and Mycenaean structures all used this material as one of their primary building elements. The oldest form is...

At the time of writing, energy-saving and eco-friendly building materials have gained acceptance, recognition, and a strong foothold in the construction sector. There is an appreciable degree of congruence in the development of green buildings and bio-based building materials, making it imperative to promote and sustain the application of such mate...

To understand the school’s role in society and its works, it became essential to reevaluate its functions and importance for society after the aggressive attack of the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, a new educational space design represents a powerful and required tool for stimulating creativity and increasing concentration, motivation, and assimilation...

In recent years, there have been solid global trends and severe attempts by ministries of education in the world to improve the reality of educational institutions and schools through the design and construction of schools and educational systems that meet the requirements of the age by applying the concepts of sustainable and effective systems to...

One of the most critical phenomena in the real estate sector to reduce the environmental impact and climate change is sustainable houses. “All nature strives for self-preservation,” said the philosopher Cicero. And residents of megalopolises, too, increasingly began to think about the future of cities and how to improve the environmental background...

New trends such as globalization, knowledge economy, and information technology revolution have become essential factors affecting the development of universities in the new era. These trends have had a profound impact on the survival and growth of universities. First, universities need to shoulder the knowledge creation work in many fields related...

The term vernacular architecture is widely accepted by architects and derives from the Latin "VERNACULUS", which means "domestic, native, indigenous", local. So vernacular architecture designates the entire culture built from a particular place. In modern housing design, the inheritance and development of traditional architectural culture is reflec...

The relevance and significance of digitalization of the professional educational process are caused by the need to adapt the classical education and training system to completing the education in a pandemic COVID-19 crisis. The unexpected and unorganized closing of our nation‘s university buildings due to the COVID-19 pandemic forced teachers to fa...

General about reinforced concrete

beams of concrete structures

Concrete slabs

Shear Design of Reinforced Concrete Beams

Dimensioning of reinforced Anchoring, finishing and splicing of reinforced concrete beams for shear force

Columns and walls

Dimensioning in service limit state

Punching of plates

Wood is one of the most fully renewable building materials, so wood instead of non-renewable materials produced from organic energy sources significantly reduces the environmental impact. Construction products can be replenished at the end of their working life and their elements and components deconstructed in a closed-loop manner to act as a mate...

Recently, numerous houses have been built using AAC materials, which consume the most amount of energy in the building sector by Heating, ventilation, and air -conditioning (HVAC) systems. Thus, the most significant factor affecting the energy consumed by HVAC systems is the materials used in the building. Building models are important tools in det...

material properties and material models of reinforced concrete structures

The creativity of modern architects and urban planners, engineers and technologists working in various fields of design and construction activities as well as the creation and production of new materials, structures and technologies are inextricably linked with general trends in socioeconomic development. It can effectively support the importance o...

Urban social sustainability represents a more specific part of urban development. Citizen involvement is a vital element of any future urban social development and helps to maintain the vision of human and diverse cities because it provides vibrant and sustainable cities in which everyone has a seat and can speak. Gellerupparken, as something new,...

Vernacular building materials and models represent the construction methods and building materials used in a healthy manner. Local building materials such as gravel, sand, stone, and clay are used in their natural state or with minor processing and cleaning to mainly satisfy local household needs (production of concrete, mortar, ballast, silicate,...

Cities are not just a sum of buildings, but especially a set of social relations that their inhabitants develop. Cities are characterized by a wide variety of social groups and lifestyles. An urban composition represents a form of the city in which it gets a formal order, so that the shape of any urban ensemble is not linked to a random phenomenon,...

The classical understanding of an architectural product shows architecture as a series of complex activities, which aims to create an optimal material framework with well-organized functional spaces that can meet the material and human spiritual requirements. The vision of a multifaceted architecture shows that it is necessary to design and work co...

Recognition of the threats to biodiversity and its importance to society has led to calls for globally coordinated sampling of trends in marine ecosystems. As a step to defining such efforts, we review current methods of collecting and managing marine biodiversity data. A fundamental component of marine biodiversity is knowing what, where, and when...

concrete structures - formula collection is a complement to the book Concrete construction. The formula collection is designed to be used as an aid for examination at university and university courses in concrete structures.

Concrete structures treat design and analyses of concrete structures according with Eurocode 2. The book consists of a theory that includes: • Bending and bending with normal force • Columns and walls • Punching • Plates • Calculation serviceability state The concrete pedagogical values of the book are, in addition to a large number of practice exa...

There are many original ideas and useful system inputs embedded in the building of human settlements in Scandinavian regions, where the landscape and habitat are strongly interconnected. A cold climate and strong winds are the most prominent risks that affect habitats. The Longhouse is the foremost traditional habitat in the Scandinavian region, da...

معمار ومصمم ايطالي ولد في الثالث من شهر مايس من عام 1931 في مدينة ميلان "Milan" الايطالية . وقد درس العمارة في جامعة البوليتكنيك في ميلانو "Politecnico di Milano" وتخرج منها عام 1959 . وقد شرع في الكتابة في مجلة كاسابيلا "Casabella magazine" منذ عام 1955 وفي عام 1959 اصبح محررا فيها حتى عام 1964 وقد عرف عنه عالميا تحقيقه للاربعة مساحات وهي النظرية...

روبرت فينتوري معماري امريكي ولد في الخامس والعشرين من شهر حزيران عام 1925 في مدينة فيلاديفيا "Philadelphia" التابعة لولاية بنسلفانيا "Pennsylvania" الامريكية . وقد تخرج من جامعة برينستون "Princeton University" عام 1950 . في عام 1964 وحتى عام 1965 عمل فينتوري مدرسا في جامعة بنسلفانيا "University of Pennsylvania" الامريكية واستمر في مشواره التدريسي ا...

معمار امريكي ولد في شيكاغو في الخامس والعشرين من شهر اذار عام 1933 .انهى دراسته في مدرسة العمارة التابعة لجامعة نوترا داما "University of Notre Dame" عام 1956 . ومنذ عام 1988 عمل في المجلس الاستشاري للجامعة حتى 2006 . وبجانب ذلك فقد عمل في رابطة المعماريين في نيويورك وجامعة كولومبيا "Columbia University" وكذلك في برنامج دراسة الماجستير لمدرسة بارسو...

معمار امريكي ولد عام 1940 يعمل في مدينة فينيسيا "Venice" في ولاية كاليفورنيا "California" وقد تخرج من مدرسة العمارة التابعة لجامعة كاليفورنيا الجنوبية "University of Southern California"ومباشرة بعد تخرجه عمل في مؤسسة تشاليس كوبر "Charles Kober Associates" في مشاريع التجزئة والتي تشمل ساحة بلاسادسنا "Plaza Pasadena" وهي مؤسسة للتصميم الفراغات الوظيف...

بوريس بودريكا "Boris Podrecca" معمار سلوفيني – ايطالي "Slovene-Italian" ولد في مدينة بلغراد "Belgrade" اليوغسلافية "Yugoslavia"سابقا صربيا "Serbia" حاليا في الثلاثين من شهر كانون ثاني عام 1940 . من اب سلوفاني وام صربية. وبمجرد تخرجه من الثانوية سافر الى فيينا "Vienna" لدراسة العمارة في الجامعة التكنولوجية "University of Technology"في النمسا وفي عام...

زها محمد حديد معمارية بريطانية من اصول عراقية ولدت في الحادي والثلاثين من شهر تشرين اول عام 1950 في مدينة بغداد "Baghdad" العراقية ٬ تلقت الدراسة الابتدائية والثانوية في مدرسة الراهبات الأهلية . درست الرياضيات في الجامعة الامريكية في بيروت "American University of Beiru"عام 1971 قبل ان تنتقل الى بريطانيا لدراسة العمارة في مدرسة العمارة التابعة للجمع...

انطوينه بريدوك "Antoine Predock" معمار امريكي ولد في مدينة لبنان "Lebanon" التابعة لولاية ميسوري "Missouri" الامريكية عام 1934 بدء دراسته في جامعة نيو ميكسيكو"University of New Mexico" وبعدها اكملت في جامعة كولومبيا "Columbia University" (Ihde, Don, 1993). اسس مكتبه في مدينة ألباكركي "Albuquerque" ، التابعة لولاية نيومكسيكو "New Mexico" عام 1967 ....

جيمس ستيرلنغ "James Stirling" معمار اسكتلندي ولد في مدينة غلاسكو "Glasgow" الاسكتلندية في الثاني والعشرين من شهر نيسان عام 1926 . درس ستيرلنغ في مدرسة كواري بنك العليا "Quarry Bank High School" في مدينة ليفربول "Liverpool" . التحق اثناء الحرب العالمية الثانية في فوج المظليين وقد اصيب مرتين في الحرب . وفي عام 1945 التحق لدراسة العمارة في جامعة ليفرب...

راسم جمال بدران معمار فلسطيني / أردني، ولد في مدينة القدس "Alquds" عام 1945. سافر الى المانيا للدراسة حيث تخرّج في مطلع السبعينات من المعهد العالي للدراسات التقنية في دارمشتادت "darmstadt high institute of high technology" . بعد انهائه الدراسة عاد الى رام الله اولا وبعدها بعام توجه الى عمان للاقامة . فعمل في مجال العمارة . وقد دأب ومنذ عودته إلى عم...

"تخيل أن هناك جوهرة قد سقطت على ارض بادية في صحراء تمخر عباب رمالها النوق والجمال. ومع الزمن تراكمت عليها الأوساخ حتى بدى شكلها الخارجي وكأنه بعر ناقة تاريخي على طريق سوقها. فاننا وللوهلة الاولى لن نعرف انها كنز ولكن وبعد ازالة تلك الأوساخ عنها تظهر قيمتها ونتعرف على حقيقتها . فالضرورة هنا تحتم حكها بحجر اصم وهذا الامر يوجب تهشيمها حتى تتفتت و تتفك...

معمار ومنظر امريكي ولد في مدينة نيويوك "Newark" التابعة لولاية نيوجيرسي "New Jersey" الامريكية في الحادي عشر من شهر اب عام 1932 . التحق ايزنمان بمدرسة كولومبيا العليا "Columbia High School" الواقعة في مدينة مابلوود "Maplewood" التابعة لولاية نيو جيرسي"New Jersey". درس العمارة في جامعة كوريل "Cornell University" عام 1955 ثم اكمل دراسة الماجستير من ج...

تخوض مادة نظريات العمارة في عملية صياغة طرق التفكير الموضوعي في مساحة معالجة المنتج المعماري الابداعي ويتم ذلك على محورين اساسيين هما: • الزمن كونه المحدد الهام في قياس التغيرات والتطورات المجتمعية ومتطلباتهم وحاجاتهم على اساس الواقع الموضوعي • المكان الذي تدور بين ثنياه مساحة التشكيل والابداع المعماري وهو ما يرتبط اساسا بالواقع السياسي والجغرافي و...

فريق 10 وغالبا ما يشار اليه ايضا باسم "فريق X"، فقد تأسس عام 1953 وهو عبارة عن مجموعة من المهندسين الشباب اجتمعوا من مختلف الدول الاوربية والولايات المتحدة على اساس التمرد على اساطين العمارة التقليديين من دعاة الوظيفية العقلانية ونقد الوضع المعماري الحالي ٬ وينتمي هؤلاء الشباب الى مجموعة سيام المعمارية CIAM" " التي ترأسها المعمار لوكوربوزيه وآخرون...

كونزو تانغي ” Kenzo Tangi " معماري ياباني ولد في التاسع من شهر ايلول عام 1913 في مدينة اوساكا Osaka" " اليابانية وقد امضى معظم حياته في مدينة هانكو Hankow" " وكذلك شنغهاي Shanghai" " الصينية . وقد عاد هو وعائلته لاحقا الى اليابان وسكن جزيرة شيكوكو" Shikoku ". بعد ان أنهى دراسته المتوسطة وسافر بعدها الى هوريشيما Hiroshima" " عام 1930 ليلتحق بالثانوي...

اوسكار نيماير "Oscar Niemeyer" معمار برازيلي بارز ومن اهم رواد مدرسة الحداثة ولد في الخامس عشر من شهر كانون اول عام 1907 في مدينة ريو دي جانيرو "Rio de Janeiro" البرازيلية. التحق للدراسة في مدرسة بيلاس الوطنية للفنون "Escola Nacional de Belas Artes" وبعد الانتهاء من الدراسة وحصوله على درجة البكالوريوس في العمارة عام 1934 مباشرة عمل مع والده في الطب...

لقد احتار الكثير من الكتاب في تعريف او توصيف البنيوية بدقة كحالة انسانية. فقسم منهم يذهب الى وصفها على انها تيار انساني وهناك آخرين ينعتونها على انها مدرسة ويذهب بعض القوميين من الهولنديين في وصف الحالة على انها تيار يخص هولندا لكن الواقع هو ان البنيوية هي ظاهرة غير محددة نظر لها أكاديميون يمتلكون حسا فنيا ومساحة ثقافية عالية وفلسفة اجتماعية معمقة...

بعد افول التوجه القوي لطراز غير المتكلف او الوحشية برزت على ساحة العمل المعماري العالمي توجهات جديدة وطرز معمارية مختلفة شملت العالم و يعبر كل توجه عن ولادة جديدة لمجموعة جديدة وطراز جديد وعمارة متميزة وبدء بزوغ توجه معماري جديد تشكل في لندن - انجلترا في عقد الستينات من القرن الماضي وتحديدا في عام 1961 ٬ فقد اسست مجموعة من المعماريين الشباب ما اصطل...

لويس اسادوري كان Louis Isadore Kahn" " ( 1901 – 1974 ) مهندس معماري وأكاديمي امريكي من اصول استونية فقد ولد في مدينة بارنو Pärnu" " المطلة على خليج كوريساري Kuressaare" " في استونيا وقد كانت ضمن الامبراطورية الروسية وقد اصيب في عمره الثالث بحادث حريق ترك اثاره على وجهه والسبب هو عشقه و تأمله بمنظر ضوء الفحم المشتعل وفي عام 1906 هاجر مع اسرته اليهود...

لقد تأثرت المجتمعات كافة بالتقدم العلمي و التكنولوجي الذي حدث في سبعينيات القرن الماضي. وكان علم الفضاء قد بلغ ذروته في عام 1969 مع هبوط اول انسان على سطح القمر وهو الرائد الفضائي نيل أرمسترونغ "Neil Armstrong" . إلى جانب ظهور مفهوم ما يسمى بالحرب الباردة والتوجهات الحميمة نحو سباق التسلح ٬ وبالتالي تطوير قدرات تكنولوجيا غاية في التعقيد والدقة. كل...

ان التعمق في فهم مدلول علم السيمياء يدلنا مباشرة الى مساحة مفتوحة تهدف الى تقدير انطلاقة و مساحة عمل حركة وتيار مابعد الحداثة "postmodernism" ٬ ليس فقط من خلال التنظيرات المهمة التي قدمها جاكوس دريدا "Jacques Derrida" والتي تقوم ليس فقط على مفاهيم ترتبط بعلم السيمياء الذي برز بقوة في القرن العشرين ٬ ولكن ايضا من خلال المسار المتكامل في الافكار والت...

Builders from the Western part of Asia are trained to make buildings that can fulfill certain required functions while giving full consideration to all sites and environmental conditions. The research covers the zone between Iraq and Iran. The first investigated region is the “Mesopotamian Marshes” or Iraqi-Iran Marshes, a wetland zone situated in...

The notion of comfort a luminous ambience refers to the distribution of luminance and chromatic ties on the interior envelope of a space that is one of different fields of vision for a subject within an ambience. Luminance and chromatic ties are at present not often studied as far as comfort in buildings is concerned. Sun lighting and bioclimatic c...

The concepts of light shelves consist of windows that have face towards the sun, which receive a vast quantity of energy that could be used for healthy day lighting. This paper debates a main assessment, investigates the optimization of daylight requirement by means of light shelves system. An experimental test was carried out assessing the measure...

Improving energy efficiency through technological advances has been the focus of Iraqi energy policy for the next generation of buildings. However, there is evidence that technology alone will be neither sufficient nor timely enough to solve looming crises associated with fossil fuel dependence and resulting greenhouse gas accumulation. The energy...

After the terrible consequence of the Iraq -Iran war and recently USA attack over Iraq the urban green covering disappeared from large areas of the city, beside the ex- tension of the building over the green areas. The nega- tive effects of this phenomenon over human's thermal comfort become more perceptive. Today we can obser- ve clearly the negat...

Danish landscape and Dani sh building are inseparable. Aarhus is a beautiful city situate in the western part of Denmark and the eastern part of Jutland. Long house or one wing house is a traditional type of house that is dominant in Aarhus city, and other parts of Denmark, which goes back to the Iron Age, c.2000B.C. The aggressive effect of wind o...

Today, upon reflecting on the various settings and experiences of our lives, we should be able to find some fairly close matches between characteristics we like and characteristics that would have improved our chances of survival. In our course we perceive that the natural contiguous keeps us healthy and in turn, probably promotes physical performa...

The window is a vital part of any house they permit natural light into the house as long as views and fresh air. In the same time, we can consider that the window is an extremely influential factor in climatic design, as the weakest climatic element of the building envelope. Well designed and protected windows improve comfort year round and reduce...

The earth is our sustainer, the chain of ecologic survival. Renewability is the key to our human continuum and our prime resource for architecture. Earth sheltering earth handling and earth escaping are more clearly pronounced in the vocabulary of architectural planning and design. Many of us had percept the positive effect in underground tunnels b...

Climatic skin roof, eco-roof or green roof refers to a roof covering that consists of a thin layer of living vegetation on top of an adapted conventional roof. Climatic skin roof has a long tradition in Europe. Originating in Scandinavian, sod roofs were built for protection against extreme climate. Contemporary – dry green roofs are not heavy, dif...

Danish landscape and Danish building are inseparable. Aarhus is a beautiful city situate in the western part of Denmark, and the eastern part of Jutland. Long house or one wing house is a traditional type of house that is dominant in Aarhus city, and other parts of Denmark, which goes back to the Iron Age, c.2000B.C. The aggressive effect of wind o...

Macroclimatic forces have been important factors ever since man first constructed shelter. Throughout archi-tectural history, local buildings have used great in pro-viding the most comfortable internal conditions possible within the exigencies and constraints of local climate. The habitual living way in Iraq is accurately reflected in the household...