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121
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Introduction
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December 1996 - September 2006
September 2006 - present
November 1999 - June 2003
Education
September 1999 - March 2003
August 1988 - June 1990
November 1983 - June 1987
Publications
Publications (121)
This study explores the development of climate resilient legume-oilseed cropping systems aimed at enhancing productivity and sustainability in dryland regions. Dryland agriculture, often limited by mono-cropping practices and erratic rainfall, necessitates innovative approaches for crop intensification and sustainability for the future. The integra...
Soil microorganisms are key drivers of various functions in agroecosystem. Soil dehydrogenase, alkaline and acid phosphatase enzymes are regarded as good indicators of microbiological activity of soils. The aim of the study was to assess the status of microbial activity in selected rainfed groundnut growing regions. Soil samples were collected from...
CONTEXT: Livestock and crop productions are always intrinsically linked in risk prone rainfed farming. Agrosilvopastoral systems ensures supplementarity of resources, feed availability for goat and sheep, and food grain
for farmers. Agrosilvopastoral system approach is an attempt to tackle fodder shortages in winter (December–February) and summer (...
Plants perceive environmental fluctuations as stress and confront several stresses throughout their life cycle
individually or in combination. Plants have evolved their sensing and signaling mechanisms to perceive and
respond to a variety of stresses. Epigenetic regulation plays a critical role in the regulation of genes, spatiotemporal
expression...
Soil microbial communities are important drivers of biogeochemical cycling of nutrients, organic matter decomposition, soil organic carbon, and Greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs: CO2, N2O, and CH4) and are influenced by crop and soil management practices. The knowledge on the impact of conservation agriculture (CA) on soil bacterial diversity, nutrien...
Drought stress at reproductive stages is mainly responsible for low yield in pigeon pea especially in semi-arid regions. Understanding genetic makeup at the phenotypic and genotypic level for stress tolerance-related traits is critical for the selection of diverse parental lines and in designing the breeding program for genetic enhancement of the c...
Oxygen Production potential of trees
Simple Summary
The changing climate scenario envisages elevated CO2 (eCO2) and drought in many parts of the world. Elevated CO2 is known to increase yields in C3 crops like rice and wheat, on the other hand, it does not cause a similar increase in C4 crops like maize and sorghum. Drought is known to reduce crop growth and yield. In this mini-review...
Heat and Water Deficit Stress (WDS) tend to impede and restrict the efficiency of photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence, and maximum photochemical quantum yield in plants based on their characteristic ability to interfere with the electron transport system in photosystem II. Dissection of the electron transport pathway in Photosystem II (PSII) u...
The changing dynamics in climate is the primary and important determinant of agriculture productivity. The effects of this changing climate on overall productivity in agriculture can be understood when we study the effects of individual components contributing to the changing climate on plants and crops. Elevated CO2 (eCO2) and drought due to high...
Chloroplasts are one of the most studied organelles of the plant in terms of their evolution, ultrastructure, genomic organization, and biochemistry, specifically in relation to the different photosynthetic pathways in the plants. The very sustenance of life on earth depends on these subcellular organelles. Chloroplasts are of endosymbiotic origin...
The epigenetic modification, DNA methylation, is a conserved change in the activity of the DNA perhaps, keeping the sequence unaltered. Methylation typically occurs at the fifth cytosine by the addition of the methyl group. It is a common phenomenon during growth and development, maintaining genome integrity and stability. However, the role of DNA...
Water deficit is a key limiting factor for maize (Zea mays L.) productivity. Elucidating the molecular regulatory networks of stress tolerance is crucial for genetic enhancement of drought tolerance. Two genotypes of maize contrasting in their yield response to water deficit were evaluated for tolerance traits of water relations, net CO2 assimilati...
Conservation agriculture (CA) is an alternative sustainable production system to conventional tillage system for resource conservation in rainfed agriculture. Weeds are the major constraints for adoption of CA in rainfed regions. A seven years study was done at ICAR- Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture (CRIDA), Hyderabad, India, to s...
The concept that plants are cognitive and intelligent organisms capable of learning and retaining memory may sound alien to most plant scientists mainly because of the paucity of literature in the subject and also due to the complexity of the subject. Plants are sessile organisms and so have intricate physiological, biochemical and molecular mechan...
An infra red thermographic analysis of well watered control and well watered heat stressed pearl millet ( Pennisetum glaucum ) was conducted at ICAR – Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture as a part of high resolution phenomics studies to identify the individual quantitative physiological parameters by plant phenotyping that form the b...
Cetacean strandings have been a common occurrence in the past and has been recorded in various places. There have been attempts to explain the phenomenon of mass beaching with various theories. Here in this article we propose a hypothesis on the recent mass stranding of Short-finned pilot whales Globicephala macrorhynchus in the southern coast of T...
The changing dynamics in climate is the primary and important determinant of agriculture productivity. The effects of this changing climate on overall productivity in agriculture can be understood when we study the effects of individual components contributing to the changing climate on plants and crops. Elevated CO2 and drought due to low variabil...
The family of viruses belonging to Coronaviridae consist of virulent pathogens that have a zoonotic property, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV) of this family...
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) was seen as this century’s first Pandemic and was previously unknown. It was demonstrated that bats in the genus Rhinolophus are natural reservoirs of SARS-like viruses. Middle East Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) was seen in 2012 it was similar to SARS CoV and is phylogenetically closely related...
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The family of viruses belonging to Coronaviridae mainly consist of virulent pathogens that have a zoonotic property, Severe Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV) of this family have emerged before and now the Novel COVID-19 has emerged in China. Characterization of spike glycoproteins, polyproteins and...
The family of viruses belonging to Coronaviridae mainly consist of virulent pathogens that have a zoonotic property, Severe Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV) of this family have emerged before and now the Novel COVID-19 has emerged in China. Characterization of spike glycoproteins, polyproteins and othe...
DNA methylation is an important epigenetic change affecting gene expres-sion in plants in both normal and stress conditions. The organelles, mito-chondria and chloroplast play a significant role in sensing and initiating stress response. In this study, we report the methylation pattern in chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes in irrigated and water...
An experiment was conducted in controlled conditions in three varieties of wheat under water stress, heat and heat +water stress treatments with the objective of studying Chlorophyll a fluorescence, chlorophyll fluorescence induction kinetics and the function of Photosystem II by plant phenotyping as affected by stress. We hypothesised that during...
Drought is the major limiting factor for maize cultivation in India. Though many drought tolerant genotypes have been developed, there is very poor understanding of the tolerance mechanisms in these genotypes. Whole genome transcriptome analysis is an established high throughput genomic method employed for understanding complex traits like drought...
The changing climatic scenario has affected crop production in the adverse ways, and the impact of it on agriculture is now emerging as a major priority among crop science researchers. Agriculture in this changing climatic scenario faces multiple diverse challenges due to a wide array of demands. Climate-resilient agriculture is the need of the hou...
Drought is one of the major abiotic stresses affecting plant growth and development and thus affecting yield and productivity in the major dry areas of the world. There is an urgent need to evolve crop varieties that are tolerant to drought especially with the changing climate contributing to more unpredictability in rainfall and extreme events tha...
Abiotic stress is one of the important consequences of climate change that will have a telling effect on crop growth and productivity in the near future. The impact of abiotic stress on crop production has emerged as a major research priority during the past decade. Several forecasts for the coming decades project increase in atmospheric CO2 and te...
Nitrogen (N) is one of the most important nutrients required for crop production. Application of fertilizer N results in increased growth and higher biomass yields. It directly influences the amino acid composition of protein and thereby nutritional quality of the economic produce. Effects of N fertilization are different in different crops. In cer...
Agriculture has been considered as one of the contributor to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and continues to increase with increase in crop production. Hence development of sustainable agro techniques with maximum crop production, and low global warming potential is need of the hour. To assess the mitigation potential of an agricultural activity, q...
Effects of extended and sudden heat stress on various physiological and biochemical processes have been investigated in ten inbred lines of maize (Zea mays L.) at seedling stage. Among the various parameters studied, a significant decrease was observed in membrane stability, chlorophyll fluorescence and chlorophyll concentration under extended heat...
Optimum potassium (K) nutrition in semi-arid regions may help crop plants to overcome constraints in their growth and development such as moisture stress, leading to higher productivity of rainfed crops, thus judicious K management is essential. A study was conducted to evaluate the importance of K nutrition on physiological processes like photosyn...
Achaea janata granulovirus (AcjaGV), an insect virus belonging to Baculoviridae, infects semilooper, a widely distributed defoliating pest on castor beans (Ricinus communis L.) and several other plant hosts in India. The propagation and purification of the Hyderabad isolate AcjaGV were performed, granulin gene from this isolate was amplified, clone...
We have sequenced the irrigated and water stressed transcriptomes of Z59 cultivar and the dataset is reported here. Transcriptome sequencing resulted in 17369114 and 21543071 reads in irrigated and water stressed samples, respectively. The read length after trimming was found to be 76 base pairs. De novo assembly of the reads generated a total of 3...
Maize (Zea mays L.) is a major cereal crop in India and worldwide whose production and productivity are greatly affected by high temperature stress. Twenty-one maize genotypes were staggered sown and evaluated for the variations in different physiological traits under high temperature stress. Observations were recorded for net photosynthetic rate,...
Numerous estimates for the coming decades project changes in precipitation resulting in more frequent droughts and floods, rise in atmospheric CO2 and temperature, extensive runoff leading to leaching of soil nutrients, and decrease in freshwater availability. Among these changes, elevated CO2 can affect crop yields in many ways. It is imperative t...
Among the effects of impending climate change, drought will have a profound impact on crop productivity in the future. Response to drought stress has been studied widely, and the model plant Arabidopsis has guided the studies on crop plants with genome sequence information viz., rice, wheat, maize and sorghum. Since the value of functions of genes,...
A reproducible and highly efficient protocol for genetic transformation mediated by Agrobacterium has been established for greengram (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek). Double cotyledonary node (DCN) explants were inoculated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA 4404 harboring a binary vector pCAMBIA 2301 containing neomycin phosphotransferase (npt II)...
Arabidopsis Thaliana HARDY (AtHRD) is a gene with an APETELA 2 / Ethylene Responsive Factor (AP2/ERF) domain linked to improved performance under drought in rice. We hypothesized that the sorghum genome could possess a similar gene product and were motivated to conduct a computational genome scale mining for the protein and analyse its structural a...
Biotic and abiotic stresses in crops are a major hurdle in attaining potential yield worldwide. Finding an approach to sustain high yields of crop plants under biotic and abiotic stresses is an important goal of agriculture researchers and stakeholders alike. Among the abiotic stresses, drought, salinity, temperature and heavy metal accumulation ar...
Drylands of the world are affected in addition to the impending climate change by various other inherent biotic and abiotic limitations like water availability, declining soil quality and pest and disease infestations. The challenges facing dryland agriculture, global food security and the sustainable management of natural resources are many and ar...
Chromium (Cr) is found in all phases of the environment, including air, water, and soil, and its many chemical forms are pollutants with serious implication to the environment and human health. Cr(vi) is regarded as the most toxic type of Cr, which generally occurs associated with oxygen as chromate (CrO42−) or dichromate (Cr2O72−) oxyanions. Cr(ii...
A thorough and extensive wild germplasm exploration survey was undertaken and 50 high yielding candidate plus trees (CPTs)
of Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre from different locations from a latitudinal and longitudinal spread between 12°41′ and 22°E longitude and 77°
and 84°40′N latitude covering 11 locations in an area spread of 150,000km2 were colle...
A study was conducted to analyse the association of osmotic adjustment (OA) with drought tolerance and yield in castor (Ricinus communis L.). Hybrids (GCH4, DCH32 and DCH177) and their respective parents (VP-1, 48-1, LRES17, DCS5, DPC9 and DCS9) were assessed for their osmotic adjustment, leaf water relations, accumulation of compatible solutes in...
Chromium has received relatively little attention from plant scientists compared to other heavy metals in recent times in spite of it being a very a hazardous environmental pollutant. One of the reasons for this is the complexity of the metal's interactions with biological systems and the difficulty in studying them. Although the possible mode of e...
Expression of the Arabidopsis HARDY (hrd) DNA binding transcription factor (555 bp present on chromosome 2) has been shown to increase WUE in rice by Karaba et al 2007 (PNAS, 104:15270–15275). We conducted a detail analysis of the complete sorghum genome for the similarity/presence of either DNA, mRNA or protein product of the Arabidopsis HARDY (hr...
Expression of the Arabidopsis HARDY (hrd) DNA binding transcription factor (555 bp present on chromosome 2) has been shown to increase WUE in rice by Karaba et al 2007 (PNAS, 104:15270–15275). We conducted a detail analysis of the complete sorghum genome for the similarity/presence of either DNA, mRNA or protein product of the Arabidopsis HARDY (hr...
Changes in climate can be expected to have significant impacts on crop yields through changes in temperature and water availability. The purpose of mitigation and adaptation measures is therefore to attempt a gradual reversal of the effects caused by climate change and sustain development. There are several mitigation and adaptation practices that...
An experiment was taken up at National Research Centre for Agroforestry, Jhansi, to determine suitable species of Albizia and an optimum pruning practice for increased natural forage production under tree canopy. Three species for Albizia (A. amara, A. lebbek and A. procera) were evaluated under four pruning heights (0, 25, 50 and 75% from the grou...
A thorough and extensive wild germplasm exploration survey was undertaken and 32 high yielding candidate plus trees (CPTs)
of Jatropha curcas from different locations from a latitudinal and longitudinal spread between 12°41′ and 22°′E longitude and 77° and 84°40′N
latitude covering 11 locations in an area spread of 150,000km2 was collected for eval...
The physiological ability to adapt for various environmental changes is known as acclimation. When exposed to sublethal level of stress, plants develop the ability to withstand severe stress, as acquired tolerance. The present study was conducted to explicate the physiological basis of acquired tolerance in rice. Rice seedlings (variety IR 20) were...
UV-B radiation on plants is now of major concern to plant biologists due to the threat to productivity in global agriculture
because of stratospheric ozone depletion. Quantitative and qualitative predictions attempts of expected effects and the search
for a suitable ameliorant or a stress alleviant are being met with mixed outcomes. One of the reas...
Due to its wide industrial use, chromium is considered a serious environmental pollutant. Contamination of soil and water by chromium (Cr) is of recent concern. Toxicity of Cr to plants depends on its valence state: Cr(VI) is highly toxic and mobile whereas Cr(III) is less toxic. Since plants lack a specific transport system for Cr, it is taken up...
A pot culture experiment was conducted in green house to study the potential of chromium (Cr) phytoaccumulatory capabilities
of four promising agroforestry tree species viz., Albizia amara, Casuarina equisetifolia, Tectona grandis, and Leucaena luecocephala. Possibility of enhancement of Cr uptake by chemical (citric acid) and biological vesicular...
An experiment was conducted by planting Hardwickia binata Roxb. at 200, 400 and 800 trees ha − 1, intercrops viz., Brassica campestris (mustard) and Glycine max (soybean) were sown from the second year onwards in winter and summer respectively at the National Research Centre for Agroforestry, Jhansi, U.P., India with the objectives of evaluating ag...
Selenium (Se) is regarded as an antioxidant in animals and plants, even though considered as non-essential element in plants. To test its ability to counteract senescence related oxidative stress in soybean a pot culture experiment was conducted. The soybean plant was sprayed with sodium selenate (50 ppm) at 78 days after sowing (DAS). Soybean leav...
A field experiment was conducted in a randomized block design at the National Research Centre for Agroforestry, Jhansi (UP) during two consecutive years (2000–01 and 2001–02). The experiment comprised eight treatments: T1– trees allowed to grow normally + crop, T2 – pruning of trees up to 70% plant height + crop, T3 – trees allowed to grow normally...
Questions
Question (1)
I am starting a project on an edited book for Springer Nature entitled “Multiple simultaneous abiotic and biotic stress in plants” I would like to get contributors in this area The broad areas that would be Combination of heat and drought, water stress and cold, drought stress and salinity and similarly pests and diseases in combination with abiotic stresses If anyone is interested in contributing, please send me a mail at arunshank@gmail.com, with a brief outline
