Arun Karnwal

Verified

Arun verified their affiliation via an institutional email.

Learn more

Verified

Arun verified their affiliation via an institutional email.

Learn more

• Ph.D. Microbiology
• Professor at Graphic Era University

The valorization of wood waste as a sustainable bacterial feedstock for the production of Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is explored in this study, aiming to provide an environmentally friendly alternative to conventional plastics. Wood waste, treated with 4% sulfuric acid, served as the carbon source for isolating bacteria from Jalandhar waste streams,...

Drought stress is a considerable obstacle to sustainable legume production, as legumes exhibit heightened sensitivity to water deficiency, which can profoundly affect their growth, yield, and quality. Drought stress diminishes soil moisture, constraining water availability for essential plant processes, hence impacting nutrient absorption, photosyn...

DNA methylation is an epigenetic mechanism modulating gene expression without altering the genetic sequence and plays a significant role in skin disorders. Methylation patterns on specific genes can lead to either overexpression or suppression, impacting cellular functions critical to skin health. Skin disorders such as atopic dermatitis, eczema, a...

Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) as bioplastic is considered a replacement for conventional plastic due to its more beneficial properties. The ability of PHA to biodegrade in a shorter period is a major advantage. Different sewage water samples were collected from the Budha Nala near the Maheru regions of Punjab. PHA-producing bacteria were isolated usin...

Plastic cannot decompose entirely in natural ecosystems due to its persistent covalent bonds, hydrophobicity, and resistant functional groups. It disintegrates into micro or nano form due to certain physical, chemical, or biological factors. Plastic's micro and nano forms can readily enter the food chain, resulting in the bioaccumulation and biomag...

The COVID-19 pandemic underscored bacterial resistance as a critical global health issue, exacerbated by the increased use of antibiotics during the crisis. Notwithstanding the pandemic’s prevalence, initiatives to address bacterial medication resistance have been inadequate. Although an overall drop in worldwide antibiotic consumption, total usage...

Fermented millet beverages are gaining attention as a sustainable and nutritious alternative to traditional functional foods, combining the nutritional benefits of millets with the transformative effects of fermentation. This review explores the microbial dynamics, biochemical changes, and health benefits of these beverages. Fermentation boosts nut...

Edible coatings are revolutionizing food preservation by offering a sustainable and effective solution to key industry challenges. Made from natural biopolymers such as proteins, polysaccharides, and lipids, these coatings form a thin, edible layer on food surfaces. This barrier reduces moisture loss, protects against oxidative damage, and limits m...

The present study reports the synthesis of Mangifera indica leaf extract mediated copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) via a biological method. CuO NPs are characterized for crystal structure and crystallite-size determination, absorption peak, particle size and morphological analysis, elemental composition, and functional groups’ identification us...

The extensive use of antimicrobial growth promoters (AGPs) in livestock has raised global concerns due to increasing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among pathogenic microbes. This review examines probiotics as a sustainable alternative to AGPs, offering a safer approach for promoting animal growth and health. Probiotics enhance animal productivity...

Nanotechnology has revolutionised biomedical research, offering innovative healthcare solutions. Plant-based nanotechnology is emerging as a sustainable alternative, minimising environmental impacts and enhancing therapeutic effectiveness. This paper explores the potential of plant-derived nanoparticles (PNPs) in medicine, highlighting their biocom...

This comprehensive study focused on the diverse impacts of microplastics, specifically polystyrene and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) particles, on the model organism Drosophila melanogaster. The subsequent studies explore the effects of microplastics on Drosophila at different levels: sex-specific, physiological, behavioral, developmental, and t...

copper nanoparticles (cuNPs) are increasingly used across various industries due to their catalytic, antimicrobial, and electrical properties. however, their potential toxicity in aquatic environments, particularly to non-target organisms like fish, remains poorly understood. this study investigated the effects of cuNP exposure on rainbow trout (On...

Panchatikta is an Ayurvedic multiherbal combination containing five bitter-tasting drugs—Azadirachta indica, Tinospora cordifolia, Justicia adhatoda, Solanum virginianum, and Trichosanthes dioica. The objective of this study is to develop standards for Panchatikta ingredients using pharmacognostic parameters and to analyze the chemical composition....

Introduction Microbial-induced calcite precipitation (MICP) involves various microorganisms, such as bacteria, fungi, and algae. This study focuses on producing bio-cement using fungal species and selecting potential candidates isolated from alkaline soil of different regions of Punjab, namely, Majha, Malwa, and Doaba. Methods The selection of fun...

Arid and semiarid regions, constituting approximately 30% of the Earth’s land surface and home to over 2 billion people, face pressing challenges in maintaining soil fertility and agricultural productivity amid intensifying agriculture, climate change, and limited resources. This chapter explores the complex dynamics of assessing soil fertility in...

With the world’s population reaching up to 9 billion within the next few years, agriculture production that meets human and animal consumption faces a critical challenge. Climatic changes and environmental stresses together are impacting agriculture production. Both climate change and its association with drought stress are posing a global challeng...

Water is an essential component of agricultural productivity, contributing significantly to global food security. Irrigated agriculture, which accounts for 20% of the total cultivated area, makes a considerable contribution to global food production, yielding 40%. This type of agriculture is at least twice as productive per unit area than rainfed a...

Climate change refers to large-scale, long-term changes in weather patterns. Internal environmental processes and human activities are both responsible for these changes, which result in changes in the chemical makeup of the atmosphere. While natural climate variability cannot totally explain recent unanticipated weather changes, human actions, not...

Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is considered as a hope for bioplastic production, which can serve as a sustainable alternative. Utilizing feedstock as substrate is widely explored for the production but wood waste, which is abundant in cellulose, hemicellulose and lignocellulose, has limited studies for PHB production. Herein, wood waste is used as a bi...

Nanobiotechnology, at the intersection of nanotechnology and biology, represents a burgeoning field poised to revolutionize medicine through the use of advanced nanocarriers. These nanocarriers, endowed with distinctive physiobiological attributes, are instrumental in diverse therapeutic domains including drug delivery for microbial infections, can...

Heavy metal and Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) pollution stemming from industrialization, intensive agriculture, and other human activities pose significant environmental and health threats. These contaminants persist in the air, soil, and water, particularly in industrialized nations, adversely affecting human health and ecosystems. While ph...

Microorganisms have emerged as promising resources for producing economical and sustainable bioproducts like Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), a biodegradable polymer that can replace synthetic plastics. In this study, we screened a novel isolate, Bacillus paranthracis RSKS-3 strain, to produce PHA from sewage water, identifying it using Whole Genome Seq...

CRISPR has revolutionized illness detection by using precision gene editing to identify specific sequences in recent years. Using the Scopus database, this study performs a comprehensive bibliometric analysis, looking at academic papers on CRISPR that were published between 1992 and 2023. After screening a dataset of 1407 articles using Zotero, tre...

Nanobiotechnology has ushered in a new era of scientific discovery where the unique properties of nanomaterials, such as gold nanoparticles, have been harnessed for a wide array of applications. This review explores gold nanoparticles' synthesis, properties, and multidisciplinary applications, focusing on their role as biosensors. Gold nanoparticle...

Heavy metal and Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) pollution stemming from industrialization, intensive agriculture, and other human activities pose significant environmental and health threats. These contaminants persist in the air, soil, and water, particularly in industrialized nations, adversely affecting human health and ecosystems. While ph...

The zoonotic viruses pose significant threats to public health. Nipah virus (NiV) is an emerging virus transmitted from bats to humans. The NiV causes severe encephalitis and acute respiratory distress syndrome, leading to high mortality rates, with fatality rates ranging from 40% to 75%. The first emergence of the disease was found in Malaysia in...

Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) is one of the most devastating diseases affecting common bean cultivation. The disease has assumed significance in present changing climatic scenario in western Himalaya. This virus propagates non-persistently through aphids and can also be transmitted via seeds. Employing resistant plant varieties emerges as the mos...

Cancer remains a significant global health challenge, claiming nearly 10 million lives in 2020 according to the World Health Organization. In the quest for novel treatments, fungi, especially Aspergillus species, have emerged as a valuable source of bioactive compounds with promising anticancer properties. This study conducts a comprehensive biblio...

Biomedical-related industrial waste which has toxic effect on plant and animal life is a major concern for environmentalists. Due to their long persistence in the environment, they can get into the food chain via food and water, causing more harm. Since improper management of biomedical waste poses a risk to medical service providers, patients, and...

The soils of arid regions face a range of environmental and sometimes man-made problems, but mainly water scarcity (usually <200 mm of precipitation per year−1) and land devastation. The modern development of agriculture is a fundamental strategy for responding to significant problems in an arid climate, in which the severity of global warming is e...

The papermaking industry relies heavily on forests for the raw material wood. In order to preserve forests, the practice of deinking and bleaching (recycling) used paper has become increasingly popular. As conventional chemical deinking processes are harmful to the environment due to the use of toxic chemicals, there is a need for more effective an...

Millions of tonnes of E-waste are dumped annually worldwide. The rapid growth of the industrial and technological sectors is increasing the produced materials of electrical and electronic equipment (EEE). Changes in the modern lifestyles and the population affordability of having new technologies enhanced the EEE industry. Several components and ra...

The industrial applications of ligninolytic enzymes of microbes such as lignin peroxidase, laccase, and manganese peroxidase have increased in popularity. In the microbial ligninolytic system, manganese peroxidases play a significant role. Oxalic acid and other fungal chelators help convert the Mn (II) ions from soil and wood into Mn3+ form which i...

Soil is a foundation of agriculture and home to numerous terrestrial organisms, including prokaryotes. Many biological activities with human interference led to distressed plant growth. The contaminants disposed of by various anthropogenic activities have decreased the soil quality and hence lower agricultural productivity. A means to bioremediate...

Engineered nanomaterials have emerged as a promising technology for water treatment, particularly for removing heavy metals. Their unique physicochemical properties enable them to adsorb large quantities of metals even at low concentrations. This review explores the efficacy of various nanomaterials, including zeolites, polymers, chitosan, metal ox...

Wheat is a crucial food crop worldwide, generating straw upon post-harvest. The straw is often burned to enhance soil fertility, leading to massive air pollution. In this study, wheat straw was investigated for the production of Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) using the novel isolate Bacillus paranthracis RSKS-3. The wheat straw was pulverized and valor...

The increasing number of plastic debris produced worldwide and its detrimental impacts on the environment and human health have led to rising demand for bio-plastic, or polyhydroxyalkanoate, as a replacement to synthetic plastic manufactured from petroleum. The usefulness of agricultural waste as a prime source of carbon for Polyhydroxyalkanoate pr...

Burning rice straw is now a significant issue faced by different regions in India, as its burning releases harmful gases, mainly carbon dioxide. Various techniques are now in trend to utilize the rice straw, e.g., producing compressed natural gas using rice straw, bioethanol, etc., as a substrate for various microorganisms. A high quantity of non-u...

Current research trends emphasize the strategic utilization of natural and renewable resources, specifically within food and medicine, focusing on naturally occurring antimicrobial compounds. While growing interest is in extracting secondary metabolites from plants, bacteria, and enzymes, a substantial portion of these naturally derived molecules r...

The valorization of wheat straw can be applied to produce sustainable bioproducts. The objective of this study is to produce a sustainable bioplastic; Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) using wheat straw as a carbon source after pretreatment, using mild acids and alkalis. The qualitative Molisch test validated the presence of carbohydrates by observance of...

The present-day concept of toxins in pathogenesis has acquired an important place in the arena of plant pathology. Because once the toxic metabolite of the pathogen is identified and characterized, it opens up many ways for combating the pathogen. Microbes use toxins as a weapon to cause damage and eventually destroy host cells. Plant pathogenic ba...

Purebred chicken eggs are highly consumed in Indonesia, making them a significant component of the country's diet. As the population grows and educational levels increase, there is a greater awareness among the public about the importance of nutrition and food, particularly the role of protein in everyday life. The demand for egg products in the In...

Purpose Chitosan is a biopolymer obtained from the exoskeletons of crustaceans and the cell walls of fungi. Due to its biocompatibility and capacity for tissue regeneration, this substance exhibits considerable potential as a candidate for wound healing. The objective of this article is to provide a detailed review of the properties and medical app...

Plants have developed a diverse array of adaptations in order to effectively respond to many types of environmental challenges. These modifications facilitate their ability to endure and flourish in challenging environmental circumstances, including drought, severe temperatures, salt, and limited nutrient availability. The impact of drought on plan...

The increasing public concern over the negative impacts of chemical fertilizers and pesticides on food security and sustainability has led to the exploration of innovative methods that offer both environmental and agricultural benefits. One such innovative approach is the usage of plant growth-promoting bioinoculants that involve bacteria, fungi, a...

Plant diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms in agriculture present a considerable obstacle, resulting in approximately 30–40% crop damage. The use of conventional techniques to manage these microorganisms, i.e., applying chemical pesticides and antimicrobials, has been discovered to have adverse effects on human health and the environment. F...

Plants have the ability to interact with their environment. Different biotic and abiotic stresses, for example drought, salinity, heat, cold, metals and nutrient imbalance, affect the development and growth of plants. Plants modify themselves morphologically, physiologically, and modulating their biochemistry to suppress impact of various stresses....

Roots of higher plants interact with the hyphae of some fungi and form a mutualistic association called mycorrhizal association. Mycorrhizal association helps in improving growth and development of plants by various ways such as improved nutrients and water uptake, improved defense mechanisms, and developed resistance against various biotic and abi...

Microplastic Pollution: Causes, Effects, and Control sheds light on the causes, effects, and control of microplastic pollution, providing valuable insights into the tools and techniques for analysis, the impact on ecosystems, and the potential risks to human well-being. The editors focus on the urgency of addressing this global environmental challe...

The human microbiota is made up of a diverse and vibrant set of bacteria that are only found in humans. Over 100–1000 microbes in the human gut essentially regulate the host’s internal environment and, thus, significantly impact host health. This excellent symbiotic interaction has drawn much attention from researchers. Live microbes, called probio...

Microorganisms are significant in the deterioration and spoiling of foods and beverages. The traits of spoiled food include unpleasing flavor, odor, and texture. Microbes are significant in preparing fermented foods and drinks at home and in industrial sectors, even though they are harmful. To ferment dairy products and create alcoholic drinks, mic...

The formation of fermented foods relies heavily on lactic acid bacteria. They are employed as starters in various dairy, meat, vegetable, and beverage fermentations because of their metabolic capabilities. Their metabolic by-products enhance food’s nutritional content, organoleptic qualities, and microbiological safety. Therefore, we examine the pr...

Beneficial bacteria have a substantial impact on human health and environmental sustainability. Microbes are extremely important in a variety of food applications. They are crucial to the production of various food items. Since the beginning, multiple bacteria and fungi have been used to make multiple fermented food products and enzymes. Bread, dai...

The large number and variety of microbiomes that live on and in plants are a great way to increase crop yields and adaptability in agriculture. With improvements in biological technology, microorganisms and their metabolites have become a reliable and effective tool for reducing plant stress, increasing nutrient absorption, product yield, and pest...

Microorganisms have a significant influence on human health and environmental sustainability. Microorganisms that cause food poisoning are a severe problem for consumers, the food industry, and regulatory bodies. Other hazardous microbes ruin the food, shorten its shelf life, and thus result in significant monetary losses. Despite recent developmen...

Due to factors including population growth, rising incomes, increased urbanization, and aging populations, the need for protein components is continuously expanding on a global scale. Traditionally, foods produced from animals (such as dairy, eggs, and meat) provide most of the dietary protein needs of people. However, the identification of sustain...

This book reviews all important aspects of Microbial sustainability in food production and food safety with the aim of shedding new light on these microbes through combined understanding of traditional and novel paradigms. The book is divided into three sections, the first of which reinterprets fundamentals of food microbiology, examining the benef...

Microsatellites or simple sequence repeats (SSRs) markers are a helpful strategy among the various molecular marker techniques for strengthening molecular breeding programs. These are useful markers for genotyping plant populations with tandem repeats of 2-6 base pair length DNA patterns. The expansion of various molecular markers and advances in s...

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacterium responsible for tuberculosis, is a global health concern, affecting millions worldwide. This bacterium has earned a reputation as a formidable adversary due to its multidrug-resistant nature, allowing it to withstand many antibiotics. The development of this drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis is...

The genus Eucalyptus is a globally captivated source of hardwood and is well known for its medicinal uses. The hybrid and wild species of Eucalyptus are widely used as exotic plantations due to their renowned potential of adapting to various systems and sites, and rapid large-scale propagation of genetically similar plantlets, which further leads t...

Enhancing plant productivity and fortifying defense mechanisms against biotic and abiotic stresses is crucial for sustainable agriculture. To achieve this, researchers have investigated the use of endophytic bacteria as a viable alternative to chemical fertilizers and pesticides. In this study, 50 endophytic microbes were isolated from stress-toler...

Enhancing plant productivity and fortifying defense mechanisms against biotic and abiotic stresses is crucial for sustainable agriculture. To achieve this, researchers have investigated the use of endophytic bacteria as a viable alternative to chemical fertilizers and pesticides. In this study, 50 endophytic microbes were isolated from stress-toler...

Chemical surfactants have raised concerns due to their negative impact on ecosystems, prompting the search for eco‐friendly alternatives. Biosurfactants derived from microorganisms offer a promising solution. These biomolecules are less harmful and can replace toxic pesticide surfactants. Biosurfactants have shown potential in agriculture for food...

Zinc is a vital micronutrient for all life forms, and Zn-solubilizing bacteria (ZSB) present in the soil convert inorganic zinc into forms available for plants. This study assessed ZSB isolated from cow dung for their plant growth-promoting (PGP) characteristics and potential to enhance tomato plant growth. The experiment assayed a total of 30 bact...

Many technologies like adsorption, absorption, light-mediated catalysis, and various chemical reactions have been implied in the process of remediation of environmental pollutants. Still, environmental pollutants undoubtedly remain the major problem. The nanotechnologies have been explored for its use as capture and degradation of the pollutants. N...

Microplastics pose an imminent risk to the marine environment, biota, and ecosystem. Their consumption threatens organisms because of the material's ability to absorb and concentrate environmental contaminants in oceans and then transfer them through food chains. Microplastic may harm soil biota, such as earthworms, and can alter soil biophysical p...

Introduction Dietary sources have an abundance of bacteria, mainly lactic acid bacteria (LABs), which have long been regarded as probiotics in humans and animals. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been used as probiotic agents due to their ability to produce a variety of beneficial compounds for cultivars and their status as safe microorganisms. Met...

Environmental stress affects food productivity by producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) that damage cell organelles and biomolecules, leading to apoptosis. Plants have developed a variety of defense responses over time to counteract the detrimental effects of biotic and abiotic stresses. However, in order to combat climate change and the deterior...

Cosmetics and personal care items are used worldwide and administered straight to the skin. The hazardous nature of the chemical surfactant utilized in the production of cosmetics has caused alarm on a global scale. Therefore, bacterial biosurfactants (BS) are becoming increasingly popular in industrial product production as a biocompatible, low-to...

The clinical applications of nanotechnology are emerging as widely popular, particularly as a potential treatment approach for infectious diseases. Diseases associated with multiple drug-resistant organisms (MDROs) are a global concern of morbidity and mortality. The prevalence of infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains has incr...

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a bacterium that causes tuberculosis, a disease that affects millions of people worldwide. This bacterium is considered a formidable multidrug-resistant pathogen due to its ability to resist numerous antibiotics. The development of Mycobacterium drug resistance is attributed to both innate and acquired mechanisms. Prev...

Abiotic stresses have a detrimental effect on plant growth and productivity. The effects of abiotic stresses on crop productivity and on ecosystem deterioration have been exacerbated by climate change and agricultural malpractices such as the excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides. Salinity is one of the most severe environmental stresses beca...

In recent years, the antimicrobial resistance to various synthetic or chemically formed antimicrobial agents in medicines and food products has been observed. The high preference of consumers for purchasing food products free from chemical preservatives has led to more exploration into using antimicrobial agents from natural sources like plants, fu...

The mycorrhizal association between plant and fungi under certain circumstances is beneficial for both partners. The phosphorous present in the soil is the component of many important compounds like nucleic acids, phospholipids, inositol phosphates, and other metabolic intermediates. Instead of so many different forms of phosphorous present in the...

Plant root and fungus combined, results in a single structure through which exchange of nutrients takes place. There are many other mycorrhizal species found in the rhizosphere of citrus plants, but the major AMF found is Glomus species. The mycorrhizal association is also helpful in maintaining yield of the citrus plant. The soil of citrus orchard...