Artur Victoria

• Master of Research
• Associate Researcher at Autonomous University of Lisbon

The decision’s maker capacity for understanding and choice are challenged at all times to become objective, due to the need for rational decision-making in the context of uncertainties in which the organizations are inserted.

The perception of the organizational reality is essential so that the administrator can make the choice of one or more alternatives that best suit this reality and meet the organizational objectives.

Our society becomes each day more violent and urban conflicts affects citizen’s security. We propose a control already implemented in many cities with international cooperation for a human facial database in order to detect potential suspects and allow immediate security intervention, protecting persons and property.

As we briefly described, military campaigns along the centuries and recently on the XX century with regular and modern Armed Forces, it came the question of the GENDER.

Thus, it was not primarily because of a change of mentality in the corporation that there was the entrance of women.

First, in a context of economic crisis and democratic transition is a gradual evolution of the acceptance of the importance of having women in the Armed Forces by the military.

Second, there is the absence of a more extensive debate or even the mention of gender when it comes to insertion into the Armed Forces.

Third, the Transgender Problem is still very recent and by such subjection to the decisions of the political sphere.

China's economic and technological growth has made it a global power with geopolitical impact across Eurasia. The country borders on 14 states and has a direct maritime border with three others (Japan, Philippines, South Korea and Taiwan - not recognized as an independent state).

In this sense, the Belt and Road Initiative is not only a plan for building infrastructure but a broad vision for the future of Eurasia integration. This strategic vision comprises geo-economic elements and is based on geopolitical factors. The ability to move forward with the values and ideals that surround the initiative will be essential for its consolidation.

The National Defence is responsible for the preservation and continuity of the democratic State of Law that is known today. This includes combating drug trafficking both inside and outside the country, combating organized crime, protecting borders, combating trafficking in persons, preserving the country's interests within the international arena, which is becoming increasingly more competitive, whether these economic, political or even environmental interests.

The political support of society is necessary for the National Defence to be really effective, since the population is capable of influencing, much, the formation and development of public policies.



A recent phenomenon, more and more frequently observed, is the existence of networks, or polycentric structures, involving different actors, organizations or nodes, linked to each other based on the establishment and maintenance of common objectives and a compatible and adequate management dynamics.

The different typologies of networks propose the description of the network according to certain attributes, such as the level of institutionalization (stable / unstable), number of participants (restricted / open), policy configuration (e.g. networks of problems, professional networks, intergovernmental networks, producer networks) and the balance of power (heterogeneous networks and homogeneous networks).

Mention the issue of corruption in government and most people will immediately think of bribes paid or received for the reward of contracts for goods and services, or - to use the technical term - of adjudication.

If this is indeed the most common form of public corruption, it may be questionable, but it is undoubtedly widespread and almost certainly the most publicized. Hardly a day passes without the revelation of another great scandal in public adjudication elsewhere in the world. It has been the cause of countless dismissals of senior civil servants and even of the collapse of entire governments.

It is a source of astronomical waste in public expenditure, estimated in some cases at almost 30% or more of total acquisition costs. Unfortunately, more is said about what is being done. Few activities raise greater temptation or offer more opportunities for corruption than public sector adjudication.

At any level of government and in any governmental organization it acquires goods and services, often in quantities and in monetary amounts that defy understanding. People who make purchases - both those who carry out the award process and those who approve the decisions - are spending the money of "other people."



The end of the border, in the case of the countries that joined the EU, as well as the absolute lack of political and military control over the extensive territory of the former USSR, opened a corridor, from the Baltic Sea to the Pacific, for the disposal of the products of organizations such as the Sicilian Mafia (Cosa Nostra), the Russian Mafia, the Chinese Triads, the Yakuza (Japanese) and the Colombian Cartels.

This movement, on a planetary scale, involved agreements and understandings, taking into account a "banking support" already prepared in the "tax paradise” and prospered in the financial markets, under the brand of three circumstances:

a) The fall in profitability in traditional productive businesses;

b) The surplus dollars resulting from the existence of a growing US payment and domestic debt deficit for at least 50 years, as the dollar has assumed the status of the world currency.

c) The process of privatization of the economy of the former USSR in the 1990s under Boris Yeltsin, through which Russian mafias dominated 70% of the financial system of the Russian Federation, . Net worth holders, available, Russian mafias have opened an extremely important "gateway" to the global financial system.

With relative departmental independence, the analytical production of estimates attempted to encompass all the different opinions emitted by the various components of the intelligence community. Despite his search for consensus, this was often difficult to achieve, probably because of its inter-organizational character.

In its discussion of ethics in organizations, Weber rescues two approaches to ethics - that of conviction and responsibility.

The ethic of conviction is interpreted as one that is based on principles and is based on moral and ideal norms. Its justification is due to universal duties, norms and values.

The ethics of responsibility is based on purpose and utilitarianism between purposes and consequences.

The entrepreneur represents a modern management technique that is not yet included in the books or manuals of administrative theory, and entrepreneurship represents a huge change of mentality within the company: the replacement of the conservative and bureaucratic spirit with a spirit of professional endeavour and personal fulfilment.

The CIA is primarily responsible for the actions of disinformation abroad, directly assuming such measures when in the service of the Department of State, or acting jointly with military intelligence, when in situations of conflict. With the attacks of 2001 and the consequent restructuring of the US intelligence system, the actions of disinformation and propaganda by the US Intelligence were coordinated by the National Clandestine Service (NCS)….

The great powers signed a tacit pact of non-intervention in the war, all of them afraid of a spreading of hostilities and envisaging all their efforts for an immediate cease-fire. But neighbouring countries, directly or indirectly, are taking action.

Syria, a traditional political adversary in Iraq, helps Iran, as well as Libya and Israel, which never has great sympathy for Iran. As we can see, the situation is very confusing, and the consequences of this crisis cannot be predicted.

At the moment, for the United States as well as for the Western Europe as Japan, the important thing is that the conflict does not spread and that the flow of oil from the other Persian Gulf countries passing through the Strait of Hormuz remains unchanged.

If the Suez Canal were to be used to transport larger amounts of crude oil, oil tankers would not necessarily avoid the Hormuz Strait. The Canal nowadays does not seem to be a desirable route - freights are cheap, and the Canal is not for large ships.