Arto Lindblom

• Ph.D.
• Professor (Full) at Aalto University

The pandemic has significantly disrupted the tourism sector, prompting a reevaluation of factors influencing travel decisions. Central to this study is the exploration of the interplay between country image, animosity, and tourist xenophobia, and their impact on travel intentions. Based on online survey data from 558 Australian travelers, the resea...

This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the cues that exist in a retail environment and expands the current knowledge of sensory marketing and its multifaceted nature. Different types of cues are introduced, including ambient, design, social, haptic, merchandise-related and pricing-related cues. While ambient, design and social cues are p...

This chapter introduces the goal and scope of the book and describes how the book delves into the world of sensory marketing in a physical retail setting while aiming to offer a comprehensive and coherent view of various sensory cues and their capacity to drive our behaviour. Cues are sensory stimuli that can vary along a wide array of features and...

This chapter discusses how sensory cues should be managed in practice. The chapter emphasises that it is a rather challenging task to run a physical retail store so that it engages our senses and creates satisfying in-store experiences. Retailers must have a solid understanding of how we perceive cues in the multisensory environments and how variou...

This chapter demonstrates how the relation between sensory cues and various responses is moderated by certain personal and situational factors. These factors either accelerate or inhibit the effects that cues might have. The chapter introduces nine accelerating or inhibiting factors from shopping motives to involvement and time pressure. Understand...

This chapter discusses potential avenues for further research. The chapter proposes that issues such as sensory marketing in omnichannel environments and digital sensory marketing should be under greater examination in the future. Also, various neuroscience-based methods may be able to provide new insights on how sensory marketing affects us. Simul...

This chapter introduces psychological factors such as motives, attitudes and emotions that largely drive our daily choices on either the conscious or unconscious level. The chapter starts by describing how our senses, like sight, hearing and touch, register sensory cues and convey this sensory information to our nervous system where the information...

This chapter discusses how we make our daily choices and what kinds of factors affect our decision-making. The chapter emphasises that while our freedom to choose has increased significantly we are encountering unprecedented amounts of different types of commercial influencing. Marketers both small and large are tirelessly competing for our interes...

This chapter summarises the key insights of the book. One of the main messages of this book is that as consumers we are exposed to a large number of different cues whenever we go shopping. The chapter divides cues into explicit and implicit cues as well as into strategic and tactical cues. The chapter demonstrates how the effects of cues alone or i...

This chapter delves into the multisensory nature of retail stores and discusses how our senses interact when we face multiple cues simultaneously. The chapter highlights the meaning of multisensory integration and cross-modal interaction while also explaining that excessive use of sensory cues can cause sensory overload. The chapter also demonstrat...

This study explores why some transactional platforms that have expanded into foreign markets decide to de-internationalize. The empirical part of this study focuses on an anonymized transactional platform called Alpha and its de-internationalization from the host market. Our exploratory case study shows that Alpha’s de-internationalization was driv...

This study focuses on how life satisfaction mediates the links from dispositional optimism to entrepreneurial success and exit intentions. The theoretical basis of this study is a hierarchical approach to personality, and its primary contribution is to the research on psychological entrepreneurship. To analyze potential links among these constructs...

In this study we investigate retail entrepreneurs' exit intentions by focusing on their job satisfaction, job-related stress, customer orientation, and dispositional optimism. We develop and test four hypotheses with structural equation modelling on a sample of 365 retail entrepreneurs. Our results indicate that dispositional optimism is a substant...

In this study we test and validate the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to predict consumers’ collaborative consumption intentions. In addition, we extend the TPB by studying consumers’ price consciousness as a potential determinant of collaborative consumption intentions. The empirical data is based on the survey study that was conducted in Finlan...

This study explores how life satisfaction varies among socio-demographic groups as the wider economic environment crumbles. Our primary goal is to identify which socio-demographic groups are most vulnerable during an economic crisis as far as life satisfaction is considered. The empirical data is based on a cross-sectional study that was conducted...

This study explores how individuals' cognitive and affective country images influence destination beliefs, and how these beliefs are associated with individuals' travel intentions. With the product country image and tourism destination image literature, we develop four hypotheses that are tested using structural equation modeling. We use a sample o...

The present study investigates the links between market orientation (MO), store-level marketing capabilities and performance. In particular, we are interested in to analyse the relationship between MO and store-level marketing capabilities, and the impact of these store-level marketing capabilities on performance. The store-level marketing capabili...

This study aims to explore how frontline employee perceptions of the retailer's ethical leadership influence their work-related thoughts and behaviours. To achieve this we develop hypotheses about the influence of the retailer's ethical leadership on frontline employee job satisfaction, self-efficacy, organisational identification, and turnover int...

In this study we analyze how certain socio-demographic factors such as gender, age and income level are related to the acceptance of unethical behavior in Finland. For the purpose of this study, we adopt Muncy and Vitell’s (1992) Consumer Ethics Scale. Based on our analyses and the sample of 976 Finns, our main ndings are as follows: Finnish consum...

In this article we aim to increase understanding of which social factors are central when looking at de-ownership orientation (DOO), collaborative consumption attitudes (CCA) and collaborative consumption intentions (CCI). In addition, we analyze how DOO, CCA and CCI are linked to each other. We scrutinize DOO, CCA and CCI in Finland during a perio...

Purpose A key question for shopping malls is to create a retail environment that is at the same time safe and entertaining. The purpose of this paper is to provide insight into this process by examining how consumers view various formal and informal surveillance practices in the context of shopping malls. The classification of surveillance practice...

Purpose In today’s retail environment, retailers’ leadership skills can make the difference between the success and failure of their retail stores. Despite the acknowledgment that retailers’ leadership skills and behaviour are important, treatment of the topic within the retail marketing and management literatures is still very limited. Against thi...

Purpose – In the increasingly competitive retail environment, retailers’ ability to elevate frontline employees’ customer orientation (CO) can make the difference between the success and failure of their stores. However, the question of how to enhance employee CO is a tricky one. It has been stated that employee CO is a stable work value or disposi...

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of market orientation (MO) and entrepreneurial orientation (EO) on business performance among small retailers. In particular, the goal is to understand and determine to what extent MO and EO influence firm performance directly, and to what extent MO and EO are connected to performance...

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyse how retailers view the links between security problems, investments in formal and informal surveillance, the sense of security felt among customers and employees, and the competitiveness of the store. Design/methodology/approach – The study utilizes elements of the theory of Crime Prevention Throug...

This study investigates the use and the effectiveness of formal and informal surveillance in reducing the incidence of shoplifting in the store environment. The study used elements of Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED) in its theoretical approach. The data collection was carried out through an Internet survey in Sweden, Norway an...

Purpose This study aims to analyse grocery retail entrepreneurs' perceptions of the effectiveness of both informal and formal surveillance in reducing vandalism, disturbance, and shoplifting in their stores. Design/methodology/approach The present study utilizes elements of CPTED in its theoretical approach. The population for the study consisted...

This study investigates what kinds of approaches are used by the retail entrepreneurs in order to prevent shoplifting in their stores. The present study utilizes elements of Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED) in its theoretical approach. The population for the study consisted of 946 Finnish K-retail entrepreneurs. The data collec...

Purpose This study aims to focus on how grocery store retail entrepreneurs invest in formal and informal surveillance, and how these investments affect consumers' and employees' sense of security. In particular, it tries to understand what kind of surveillance investments can be found from the stores with high consumer and employees' sense of secur...

Category management (CM) has been promoted as a joint business process between manufacturers and retailers to produce enhanced business results by focusing on delivering better value to end consumers. But do the business partners involved in CM really recognize which particular CM arrangements generate these results, what possibilities do they have...

This study seeks to create a comprehensive understanding of the ways in which retail entrepreneurs perceive the link between surveillance and customers’ and employees’ sense of security at the store level. This study also analyzes the link between customers’ and employees’ sense of the security and store's competitiveness from the viewpoint of reta...

Purpose This article aims to contribute to the study of knowledge creation and management in business format franchising by focusing on the question of how franchisors can convert the tacit knowledge held by franchisees (such as insights, ideas, and hunches) to explicit knowledge. Design/methodology/approach The article is conceptual and is largel...

Purpose This study seeks to analyse managers' perceptions of the effectiveness of both informal and formal surveillance in reducing vandalism, disturbance, and shoplifting in their shopping centers in Finland. Design/methodology/approach The present study utilizes elements of crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) in its theoretical...

Providing a safe and secure environment is a major factor in shopping center management and design. The theory of Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED) provides one theoretical approach to preventing crime and feeling of insecurity in shopping centers. The present paper formulates a path model based on CPTED-theory to investigate th...

The purpose of this paper is to analyze suppliers' roles in category management (CM) in the context of Finnish and Swedish supplier–retailer relationships. Using data from a survey of a sample of Finnish and Swedish suppliers, the study shows that the concept of CM is well known among both Finnish and Swedish suppliers, and that most of them have e...

The present study analyses suppliers' control over Category Management (CM) decision making in Finnish and Swedish supplier–retailer relationships. A quantitative survey among 90 Finnish and 116 Swedish suppliers of fast-moving consumer goods was conducted. Both Finnish and Swedish suppliers believe that retailers are clearly in charge of CM tactic...

Kaupan alan osaamisvaatimukset ovat kasvaneet viime vuosina merkittäväs- ti kansainvälistymisen, taloudellisen sääntelyn purkamisen ja tietotekniikan nopean kehittymisen seurauksena. Myös kuluttajien tarpeet ja kulutustyy- lit ovat sirpaloituneet ja tulleet yhä vaikeammin ennakoitaviksi. Kaupan liikkeenjohdon osaamisen kehittämisessä ratkaiseva mer...

Introduction: This article offers new perspectives on information acquisition and interpretation in the context of contractually integrated retailing organizations. Its aim is to the shed light on the question: do the cognitive styles (i.e., information gathering and interpreting styles) differ between contractually integrated retail entrepreneurs...

This study aims to shed light on the market-sensing capabilities of retail entrepreneurs and the effect of these capabilities on their business performance. A conceptual model based on a literature review is presented, followed by an Internet survey of 226 K-retailers from the Finnish K-alliance. Structural equation modeling (SEM) is used to test t...

Purpose – This study aims to focus on the use of information sources by contractually integrated retail entrepreneurs. The research question is as follows: how can the use of information sources by contractually integrated retail entrepreneurs be classified using the dimensions of “external/internal” and “formal/informal”? In addition to analyzing...

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the cognitive styles of contractually integrated retail entrepreneurs with respect to marketing decision making. The study addresses two research questions: How can the cognitive styles of these retail entrepreneurs be classified? If there are differences in the cognitive styles of retail entrepreneurs, how ar...

A host of business and industrial marketing literature has put long-term oriented, cooperative and bonded business relationships into research focus. Empirical field research -mainly in-depth case studies -has identified them as the dominating governance structure in most industrial business settings. In this study, the following research questions...

Category management (CM) seems to bring many positive elements to supplier–retailer interaction, e.g., continuous collaboration instead of repeated competitive biddings and knowledge sharing instead of knowledge withholding. However, its nature cannot be understood without understanding the roles of the collaborating suppliers. Hence, the purpose o...

Purpose To assess the weight and extent of control possessed by manufacturers over category management (CM) tactics in contemporary distribution channels for fast‐moving consumer goods; and to analyse the origins of this control. Design/methodology/approach A survey study conducted among Finnish manufacturers of fast‐moving consumer goods. A total...

Providing a safe and secure environment is a major factor in shopping center management and design. The theory of Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED) provides one theoretical approach to preventing crime and feeling of insecurity in shopping centers. The present paper formulates a path model based on CPTED-theory to investigate th...

Interactive relationships have been identified as the dominating governance form in numerous empirical studies conducted in the business-to-business contexts. In our paper, we set the following research questions: 1) In a population of business-to-business marketing firms, what is the extent of firms that apply relationalism as a marketing strategy...