
Arthur CarvalhoMiami University | MU · Department of Information Systems & Analytics
Arthur Carvalho
PhD
About
55
Publications
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Introduction
I am the Dinesh & Ila Paliwal Innovation Chair and an Associate Professor at Farmer School of Business, Miami University. My research interests lie at the intersection of Artificial Intelligence, Information Systems, and Decision Analysis. In particular, I work on the development and deployment of AI techniques and disruptive technologies aiming at improving business processes and decision-making.
Publications
Publications (55)
Recent years have seen an increased interest in crowdsourcing as a way of obtaining information from a potentially large group of workers at a reduced cost. The crowdsourcing process, as we consider in this paper, is as follows: a requester hires a number of workers to work on a set of similar tasks. After completing the tasks, each worker reports...
We study a problem where a new, unfamiliar group of agents has to decide how a joint reward should be shared among them. We focus on settings where the share that each agent receives depends on the evaluations of its peers concerning that agent's contribution to the group. We introduce a mechanism to elicit and aggregate evaluations as well as for...
We propose a pooling method to aggregate expert opinions. Intuitively, it works as if the experts were continuously updating their opinions in order to accommodate the expertise of others. Each updated opinion takes the form of a linear opinion pool, where the weight that an expert assigns to a peer's opinion is inversely related to the distance be...
This study explores the utilization of Large Language Models (LLMs) in managing Design Science Research (DSR) knowledge. It addresses the absence of a consolidated knowledge base for DSR artifacts, proposing an AI-driven approach for extracting and structuring information from scientific articles. Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the ef...
While demand response programs inherently depend on consumer acceptance in order to be successful, consumer behavior is often overlooked when designing such programs. This paper addresses the impact of consumer flexibility in terms of appliance use on the success of a demand response program, measured through the overall grid stability assessed by...
Information systems (IS) conferences, as venues for the introduction of new knowledge to the IS community, require effective peer review systems to evaluate submitted research for quality, validity, and originality. We argue in this paper that questionable practices and degrading review quality may arise without direct incentives beyond reviewer al...
Crowdsourcing platforms enable requesters to elicit information from thousands of workers worldwide. A question that arises when outsourcing a task to a crowd is how many crowd workers a requester should hire. Focusing on forecasting tasks, we provide a methodological way of answering that question by formally describing how the number of crowd wor...
Recent regulatory changes have enabled NCAA student-athletes to profit from their name, image, and likeness (NIL), departing from previous policies requiring those athletes to maintain their amateur status. However, despite the changes, it is unlikely that all the approximately 500,000 NCAA student-athletes will profit from NIL contracts. Within th...
Demand for food delivery services has grown significantly in recent years and, in particular, during the COVID-19 pandemic and the resulting stay-at-home orders. From a business perspective, food delivery platforms work as intermediaries by mediating interactions among customers, restaurants, and delivery workers. This paper suggests that blockchai...
Health information exchange (HIE) is vital to improving care delivery and outcomes, and patient consent is an important component of HIE. Existing consent processes that involve completing forms at a provider, along with poor interoperability between HIEs, give patients limited control of their consent management. We developed and deployed a survey...
The accuracy of different cloud-based technologies for sentiment analysis may vary based on attributes such as the length of the analyzed texts and the dominant sentiment in a corpus. A potential strategy to reduce the variability in accuracy is to create ensemble models formed by individual technologies. Our goal in this paper is to study the perf...
Marketplace systems for delivery food retain valuable sensitive data besides charging high fees for each order. On the other hand, Blockchain has being adopted as a distributed database to reduce costs and remove intermediary actors. We have developed FoodChain that is a blockchain based system, decentralizes the food delivery solution and keeps da...
Underdeveloped charging infrastructure is one of the main barriers to widespread electric vehicle (EV) adoption. Transforming parking lots into EV-enabled parking lots that provide parking and charging services is a solution to address the need for charging stations. Two challenges arise in this context: (1) how many parking spots should receive EV...
This paper proposes and analyzes a methodology for extracting the underlying emotional dimensions connected to different textual data, including social-media posts and online reviews. Our experiments result in a coherent conclusion across all 16 studied datasets. In particular, the found orthogonal emotional dimensions are a combination of valence...
Demand-side management solutions reward flexible customers for achieving desired goals. However, under price-based demand-response programs, uncoordinated load shifting among many customers may lead to rebound peaks, thus incurring financial costs on the energy service provider (ESP). This study addresses this issue from both the ESP (utility compa...
We consider a newsvendor setting where the newsvendor elicits a demand forecast from an expert to determine the optimal inventory level for a product. Since the interests of both parties might not be aligned, we propose a proper scoring rule to elicit the expert's forecast that is tailored to the decision problem the newsvendor faces. Under the pro...
Blockchain has been praised for providing the technical infrastructure that enables a group of self-interested entities to share data without relying on intermediaries. Technically, blockchain is a distributed and decentralized append-only database. This latter aspect leads to an important, yet overlooked governance issue, namely what should the ne...
While the importance of physical (social) distancing in reducing the spread of COVID-19 has been well-documented, implementing similar controls in public transit remains an open question. For instance, in the United States, guidance for maximum seating capacity in single-destination public transit settings, such as school buses, is only dependent o...
The ever-increasing reliance on loot boxes by the video game industry has attracted scrutiny from consumer groups and regulators. For example, this practice of selling random assortments of virtual items for a price has been criticized for its lack of transparency since, before purchasing a loot box, players do not necessarily know the possible ite...
The use of outcome-contingent payments is a common approach when evaluating and rewarding forecasters. But since realized outcomes are only determined in the future, outcome-contingent payments naturally lead to trust issues in that a forecaster must trust the forecast requester to make a payment after a forecast has been reported. This scenario is...
Electric vehicle (EV) owners enjoy many positive aspects when driving their cars, including low running costs and zero tailpipe gas emissions, which makes EVs a clean technology provided that they are sourced through renewable sources, e.g., biomass, solar power, or wind energy. However, their driving behaviour is often negatively affected by the s...
In this work, a preference-based, demand response (DR) multi-objective optimization model based on real-time electricity price is presented to solve the problem of optimal residential load management. The purpose of such a model is threefold: 1) to minimize the costs associated with consumption; 2) to minimize the inconvenience caused to consumers;...
Off-the-shelf technologies provided by major cloud platforms promise to facilitate and democratize the use of artificial intelligence techniques. Organizations can now apply highly sophisticated, pre-trained models in a variety of situations, such as when analyzing the sentiment behind social media posts. Among other uses, this enables organization...
Since the seminal work by Hanson (2003), the Logarithmic Market Scoring Rule (LMSR) has become the de facto market-maker mechanism for prediction markets. We suggest in this paper three potential issues with centralized implementations of LMSR, which we refer to as the availability, security, and privacy problems. We also explain how a permissioned...
The healthcare ecosystem continually produces huge volumes of structured and unstructured data. Cognitive computing, a new computing paradigm, promises to effectively help healthcare researchers and practitioners to derive precious information from data. Arguably, the most famous cognitive computing system is called IBM Watson, which has been adapt...
The number of people using fitness devices and mobile health applications creates unprecedented amounts of health-related fitness data. In the United States, healthcare regulations do not consider the data that these devices collect as protected health information when no covered entity is involved; therefore, the law does not provide such data wit...
Cryptocurrencies have gained tremendous popularity over the past few years. The purpose of this study is to try to understand the factors that are driving cryptocurrency-related trading activities. Focusing on the well-established cryptocurrency called Bitcoin, we find that online search popularity and the volume of trade in unrelated stock markets...
In this paper, we analyze the value of smart contracts and blockchains as an alternative to traditional contractual obligations. In particular, we start by exploring some of the advantages of these technologies, specifically the immutability of blockchains and automated contract remittance. We also discuss two critical shortcomings of decentralized...
Cryptocurrencies have gained tremendous popularity over the past few years. The purpose of this study is to try to understand the factors that are driving cryptocurrency-related trading activities. Focusing on the well-established cryptocurrency called Bitcoin, we find that online search popularity and the volume of trade in unrelated stock markets...
The quality of data sources is one of the biggest concerns regarding (big) data analytics. For example, humans can deliberately lie or behave strategically when reporting their beliefs/opinions in surveys and opinion polls, which results in data sets of low reliability. The issue of honest reporting of subjective data can, in theory, be tackled by...
Scoring rules are traditional techniques to measure the association between a reported belief and an observed outcome. The condition that a scoring rule is proper means that an agent maximizes his expected score when he reports a belief that equals his true belief. The implicit assumption that the agent is risk neutral is, however, often unrealisti...
Current trends suggest that there is a substantial increase in the overall usage of electric vehicles (EVs). This, in turn, is causing drastic changes in the transportation industry and, more broadly, in business, policy making, and society. One concrete challenge brought by the increase in the number of EVs is a higher demand for charging stations...
The recent advent of electric vehicles (EVs) marks the beginning of a new positive era in the transportation sector. Although the environmental benefits of EVs are well-known today, planning and managing EV charging infrastructure are activities that are still not well-understood. In this paper, we are investigating how the so-called EV-enabled par...
The logarithmic market scoring rule (LMSR) is now the de facto market-maker mechanism for prediction markets. We show how LMSR can have more representative final prices by simply imposing a participation structure where the market proceeds in rounds and, in each round, traders can only trade up to a fixed number of contracts. Focusing on markets ov...
Current trends suggest that there is an increase in the overall usage of electric vehicles (EV). This, in turn, is causing drastic changes in the transportation industry and, more broadly, in business, policymaking and society. One concrete challenge brought by the increase in the number of EVs is a higher demand for charging stations. This paper p...
The reduction of greenhouse gas emissions is seen as an important step towards environmental sustainability. Perhaps not surprising, many governments all around the world are providing incentives for consumers to buy electric vehicles (EVs). A positive response from consumers means that the demand for the charging infrastructure increases as well....
We present a study on the evolution of publications about applications of proper scoring rules. Specifically, we consider articles reporting the use of proper scoring rules when either measuring the accuracy of forecasts or for inducing honest reporting of private information within a certain context. Our analysis of a data set containing 201 artic...
We discuss payment structures that induce honest reporting of private information by risk-neutral agents in settings involving multiple-choice questions. Such payment structures do not rely on the existence of ground-truth answers, but instead they rely on the assumption that agents exhibit social projection. Social projection is a strong form of t...
Incentive-compatible methods for eliciting beliefs, such as proper scoring rules, often rely on strong assumptions about how humans behave when making decisions under risk and uncertainty. For example, standard proper scoring rules assume that humans are risk neutral, an assumption that is often violated in practice. Under such an assumption, prope...
Recent years have seen an increased interest in crowdsourcing as a way of obtaining information from a large group of workers at a reduced cost. In general, there are arguments for and against using multiple workers to perform a task. On the positive side, multiple workers bring different perspectives to the process, which may result in a more accu...
Proper scoring rules are scoring methods that incentivize honest reporting of subjective probabilities, where an agent strictly maximizes his expected score by reporting his true belief. The implicit assumption behind proper scoring rules is that agents are risk neutral. Such an assumption is often unrealistic when agents are human beings. Modern t...
The output-agreement method has been successfully used to reward agents in a variety of crowd-sourcing settings. This method consists of a simple payment function that randomly matches two agents' reported information and rewards agreement. In this letter, we discuss how the output-agreement method might induce honest behavior when there exists soc...
We propose a reinforcement learning solution to the soccer dribbling task, a scenario in which a soccer agent has to go from the beginning to the end of a region keeping possession of the ball, as an adversary attempts to gain possession. While the adversary uses a stationary policy, the dribbler learns the best action to take at each decision poin...
We propose a cooperative coevolutionary genetic algorithm for learning Bayesian network structures from fully observable data sets. Since this problem can be decomposed into two dependent subproblems, that is to find an ordering of the nodes and an optimal connectivity matrix, our algorithm uses two subpopulations, each one representing a subtask....
We study a problem where a group of agents has to decide how a joint reward should be shared among them. We focus on settings where the share that each agent receives depends on the subjective opinions of its peers concerning that agent's contribution to the group. To this end, we introduce a mechanism to elicit and aggregate subjective opinions as...
We study a problem where a group of agents has to decide how some fixed value should be shared among them. We are interested in settings where the share that each agent receives is based on how that agent is evaluated by other members of the group, where highly regarded agents receive a greater share compared to agents that are not well regarded. W...
The performance of a Multiobjective Evolutionary Algorithm (MOEA) is crucially dependent on the parameter setting of the operators. The most desired control of such parameters presents the characteristic of adaptiveness, i.e., the capacity of changing the value of the parameter, in distinct stages of the evolutionary process, using feedbacks from t...
In soccer, scoring goals is a fundamental objective which depends on many conditions and constraints. Considering the RoboCup soccer 2D-simulator, this paper presents a data mining-based decision system to identify the best time and direction to kick the ball towards the goal to maximize the overall chances of scoring during a simulated soccer matc...