Arshad Javid

• PhD
• Professor at University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), a revolutionary molecular tool, has transformed genetic studies by facilitating rapid DNA amplification. The PCR process relies on several key components: a DNA template or cDNA, two primers, Taq polymerase, nucleotides, and a buffer. These elements collectively facilitate the amplification process, which comprises...

Microencapsulation is a methodology utilized across different areas to upgrade the viability, steadiness, and conveyance of bioactive compounds. Microencapsulation improves stability, controlled release, and sensory properties in pharmaceuticals, food products, agriculture, skincare products, and aquaculture by enclosing molecules within protective...

With the increasing energy demand and elevated depletion rate of fossil fuels, there is a dire need for a cheap and environmentally stable fuel. Furthermore, the environmental and human health issues due to the overdependence on fossil fuels have been well addressed. Currently, mixotrophic (MT) cultivation of microalgae is gaining interest to overc...

Despite the diversity of microbiota in birds is similar to that of other animals, there is a lack of research on the gut microbial diversity of nondomesticated bird species. This study aims to address this gap in knowledge by analyzing the bacterial communities present in the gut of two important game bird species, the Ring‐necked pheasant ( Phasia...

Staphylococcus aureus is gaining worldwide attention because of its substantial impact on public health. The current study aimed to characterize S. aureus strains isolated from wild birds in the Kasur district of Punjab, Pakistan from 2021 to 2022. A total of one hundred samples were collected from five wild bird species. The samples were enriched,...

Microbial fuel cell (MFC) systems oxidize organic and inorganic substrates using the bio-electrochemical catalytic activity of microbial biofilms. This chapter is about the current wastewater treatment methods and the energy required. MFCs work on the principle of chemical oxygen demand removal, which can be affected by various operating conditions...

Overuse of pesticides in agricultural soil and dye-polluted effluents severely contaminates the environment and is toxic to animals and humans making their removal from the environment essential. The present study aimed to assess the biodegradation of pesticides (cypermethrin (CYP) and imidacloprid (IMI)), and dyes (malachite green (MG) and Congo r...

Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic disease in humans and animals caused by the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. Rodents not only act as intermediate hosts for T. gondii but are also a significant source of T. gondii infection for other hosts. There is limited information about the prevalence of this protozoan within rodents in Pakistan. The current s...

The global epidemiological significance of bats and their blood-sucking ectoparasites is increasingly recognized. However, relevant data are scarce from Pakistan where the Palearctic and Oriental zoogeographic regions meet. In this study, 200 bats belonging to five species were examined for the presence of ectoparasites in Pakistan. Bat flies were...

This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Escherichia coli (E. coli) in captive avian species, assess the seasonal effect on E. coli prevalence, and analyze the nucleotide sequences of E. coli. Samples were collected from different avian species. E. coli confirmation was performed using biochemical and molecular characterization, and the 16...

Bartonella can infect a variety of mammals including humans and has been detected in the Americas, Europe, Africa, and Asia. Roughly two-thirds of identified Bartonella species are found and maintained in rodent reservoirs, with some of these species linked to human infections. Rodents (N=236) were caught from the Sahiwal division of Punjab, Pakist...

Extortionate demand of global bioethanol has led to a burgeoning interest in finding the alternative sources of biofuel. For this purpose, researchers are interested in microalgae because of its biorefinery applications and ability to produce biofuels, and other value-added products. Bioethanol is the most extensively used renewable fuel and is one...

A 3×3 factorial arrangement was used to determine the synergistic effects of citric acid (CA) and phytase (PHY) supplemented canola meal (CM) based diet on growth performance and nutrient digestibility of Cyprinus carpio fingerlings. Canola meal was used as a main ingredient to prepare diets by replacing fishmeal at graded levels such as: 0%, 25%,...

Contaminants of global concern, microplastics (MPs) have been lately reported to be found almost everywhere. Yet there is limited evidence to suggest if these tiny particles can bioaccumulate and biomagnify along the food chain. The current study was conducted to quantify MPs load in two fresh water bodies i.e. River Ravi (Pakistan) and a fish rear...

The aim of the study was to check the prevalence of Escherichia coli in some captive avian species, seasonal effect on the E.coli prevalence and analysis of nucleotide sequences of E.coli. A total of 132 samples, 33 from Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo), 33 form Pheasant (Phasianus colchicus), 33 from Budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulates) and 33 from Ch...

Extreme heat is an underlying, less known driver of Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) propagation in the environment that can operate in at least two ways. First, extreme heat can induce cellular structural changes in bacteria similar to those resulting from antibiotic stress, conferring antibiotic resistance. Second, extreme heat events can induce be...

The aim of this study was to investigate the seroprevalence of Q fever in sheep and goats in Kasur, Okara, and Pakpattan in the Punjab of Pakistan. Q fever is a widely reported zoonotic disease caused by Coxiella (C.) burnetii. The main reservoirs are small ruminants that excrete the bacteria in birth by-products in high numbers. Thus, the bacteria...

Background Fruit bats play an important role in pollination and seed dispersal, and their conservation is important to maintain the productivity of some crops and natural ecosystems. The objective of this study was to investigate the knowledge, attitudes, and perception of fruit bats by orchard farmers and agricultural communities in Pakistan. Met...

Metallic pollutants make an important category of environmental contaminants owing to their capability for bioaccumulation and biomagnification in the living systems. The methods employed for determining their concentrations in the living bodies may be invasive or non-invasive and their outcomes have often been questioned regarding their representa...

Poultry industry is amongst highly developed industries of Pakistan, fulfilling the protein demand of rapidly increasing population. On the other hand, the untreated poultry waste is causing several health and environmental problems. The current study was designed to check the potential of keratinolytic fungal species for the conversion of chicken-...

Agro-industrial wastes can be processed into valuable products. Successively, current investigation is an effort to optimize the acid hydrolysis of pomegranate peels waste (PPW) using central composite design (CCD) of response surface methodology (RSM) for ethanol production. Concentration of sulfuric acid, temperature, and time of hydrolysis were...

Rock pigeons are synanthropic birds and live in close association within human settlements. Synanthropic birds are considered potential carriers of diseases and pose a subsequent risk of their transmission to humans. Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii are intracellular protozoans infecting a wide range of hosts, as well as birds. Data related t...

Microalgae are the important biofuel precursors and their economic cultivation can be boosted under mixotrophic (MT) conditions while employing different industrial wastewaters containing organic carbon. In the current research, the quantitative analysis of microalgal biomass production under MT and photoautotrophic (PT) cultivation conditions both...

Background The lack of morphological differentiation among chiropteran species and cryptic speciation impedes species identification. DNA-based approaches help species identification and contribute to the discovery of additional species. Rhyneptesicus nasutus (Sind Serotine Bat) is a rare and poorly studied species in Pakistan. Methods This study...

This study was aimed to investigate Carbofuran (CF)-induced pathological changes in cattle egret. Two hundred cattle egrets were reared and equally divided into four groups and given different CF concentrations (0.03 mg/L, 0.02 mg/L, 0.01 mg/L and 0 mg/L (control group)). Hematology, serum biochemistry, histopathology, and immunological markers wer...

This one-year survey was conducted from February 2017 to January 2018 to assess the herpetofaunal diversity in Cholistan desert, Bahawalnagar district, Punjab, Pakistan. Field surveys were conducted during dawn and dusk for fifteen consecutive days in alternate months and five sub sampling sites were sampled at ten field visits. Specimens were coll...

Aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems are receiving micro- and macro-plastic pollutants alarmingly from various anthropogenic activities. The complications caused by microplastics are largely unexplored and need substantial studies. In the current study, we investigated the repressive effects of negatively and positively charged polystyrene microspher...

Blood and fecal samples of chukar partridge (Alectoris chukar), albino pheasant (Phasianus colchicus), silver pheasant (Lophura nycthemera), rose-ringed parakeet (Psittacula krameri) and turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) were analyzed to check parasitic prevalence. To record parasites these five avian species were placed kept in separate cages at Avian...

During the present study, specimens were collected from selected sites of Cholistan desert and Kalabagh Game Reserve, Punjab province, Pakistan. Each captured specimen was tagged with voucher number and morphometric measurements were taken. The average snout to vent length was 172.559±1.40 mm and average weight was 92.1±1.30 g. The DNA of Uromastyx...

Carcinogenic and health hazard causing heavy metals have been increasing in our dietary stuffs due to large amount of industrial effluents being dumped in water bodies that are ultimately used for irrigation purposes. The study was aimed to assess and compare the mean concentrations of heavy metals (Cd, As and Pb) in soil and vegetables irrigated w...

Carcinogenic and health hazard causing heavy metals have been increasing in our dietary stuffs due to large amount of industrial effluents being dumped in water bodies that are ultimately used for irrigation purposes. The study was aimed to assess and compare the mean concentrations of heavy metals (Cd, As and Pb) in soil and vegetables irrigated w...

Now-a-days, different bioproducts are being used extensively for the welfare of mankind. However, for proper utility of any bioproduct, the exact biotechnological potential of that product should be explored. Honey is produced in almost every country on the planet. It has long been used as a medicinal agent in addition to its broader use as a popul...

In this modern era due to multidimensional problems associated with petrochemical fuels, the scientific community is showing a burgeoning interest in microalgae due to their potential applications which are indispensable for economic amelioration. Microalgae are a fundamental source of oils and various other biomolecules that can be used in the pro...

There is a paucity of research conducted on microbial prevalence in pheasants. The microbiota of captive birds has zoonotic significance and must be characterize. Present study is therefore planned to assess the microbiota from oral, fecal and gut content of captive avian species. It will be helpful in characterization of harmful microbes. Differen...

The protozoans include many intracellular human pathogens. Accurate detection of these pathogens is necessary to treat the diseases. In clinical epidemiology, molecular identification of protozoan is considered a more reliable and rapid method for identification than microscopy. Among these protozoans, Cryptosporidium considered being one of the im...

A total of 10 specimens were captured from selected sites of Bajaur Agency FATA, Pakistan using mist nets. The captured specimens were morphologically identified and various morphometric measurements were taken. The head and Body length (HB) of Pipistrellus coromondra and Pipistrellus kuhlii lepidus (n=10) was 43±0.11 mm and 45±1.1 respectively. Mo...

The present study reports the existence of cliff racer, Platyceps rhodorachis from the plains of Punjab, Pakistan. A total of 10 specimens were captured during the field surveys from June to September, 2018 from different sites of Punjab. Platyceps rhodorachis was identify on the basis of morphology and confirmed through COI gene sequences. The obt...

Now-a-days, different bioproducts are being used extensively for the welfare of mankind. However, for proper utility of any bioproduct, the exact biotechnological potential of that product should be explored. Honey is produced in almost every country on the planet. It has long been used as a medicinal agent in addition to its broader use as a popul...

During this one year study, blood and fecal samples of doves (Zenaida asiatica), ducks (Anas platyrhynchos), pigeons (Columba livia), partridges (Alectoris chukar), turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) and goose (Chen caerulescens) were collected to assess the parasitic prevalence in these birds. The birds were kept at Avian Conservation and Research Cent...

Previous studies have suggested that arsenic crosses the placenta and affects the fetus development. The study under consideration aims to show comparative ameliorative effect of Moringa oleifera leaf and flower extracts against sodium arsenate induced fetus toxicity of mice. Pregnant mice (N=44) were kept in lab and divided into eleven group from...

The present study reports the existence of cliff racer, Platyceps rhodorachis from the plains of Punjab, Pakistan. A total of 10 specimens were captured during the field surveys from June to September, 2018 from different sites of Punjab. Platyceps rhodorachis was identify on the basis of morphology and confirmed through COI gene sequences. The obt...

The lack of morphological differentiation among chiropteran species and cryptic speciation impedes species identification. So, DNA-based approaches boost species identification and are increasing biological diversity. Rhyneptesicus nasutus ( Sind Serotine Bat ) is a rarely distributed and poorly studied species in Pakistan. This study explores the...

The current study was carried out to estimate the prevalence and diversity of ectoparasites in rock pigeons in different regions of Punjab, Pakistan. A total of 120 birds were captured from March 2017 to February 2019. The ectoparasites were collected by standard procedures and preserved in 70% ethanol containing one drop of glycerin. Data related...

The medicinal attributes of honey appears to overshadow its importance as a functional food. Consequently, several literatures are rife with ancient uses of honey as complementary and alternative medicine, with relevance to modern day health care, supported by evidence-based clinical data, with little attention given to honey's nutritional function...

Captive breeding is one of the pre-eminent practices to warrant the future survival of animal and bird species. This study is a first-time report with a long-term analysis of the breeding account and mortality rates of Black Swan at the first National Park in Pakistan i.e., Lal Suhanra National Park, Bahawalpur, established in Pakistan under the Pu...

Poultry industry is expanding rapidly and producing million tons of feather waste annually. Massive production of keratinaceous byproducts in the form of industrial wastes throughout the world necessitates its justified utilization. Chemical treatment of keratin waste is proclaimed as an eco-destructive approach by various researchers since it gene...

A total of 10 specimens were captured from selected sites of Bajaur Agency FATA, Pakistan using mist nets. The captured specimens were morphologically identified and various morphometric measurements were taken. The head and Body length (HB) of Pipistrellus coromondra and Pipistrellus kuhlii lepidus (n=10) was 43±0.11 mm and 45±1.1 respectively. Mo...

A feeding trial of 70 days was conducted to assess the effects of α-tocopherol on growth performance, antioxidant activity and nutrient digestibility of C. catla fingerlings (7.05 ± 0.02 g body weight and 6.05 ± 1.07 cm body length) were fed on corn gluten meal-based diets. The α-tocopherol was supplemented at various concentrations viz., 0, 100, 2...

Ethno-veterinary medicinal studies associated with traditional uses of the flora of the Cholistan desert have shown that fruits of Citrullus colocynthis are used for the treatment of helminth infections. The present research was designed to evaluate the anthelmintic efficacy of C. colocynthis against H. contortus. The in vitro anthelmintic effects...

Present study was planned to determine variations in external and internal quality egg parameters of different avian species including ostrich Struthio camelus, ducks Anas platyrhynchos, chicken Gallus gallus, turkeys Meleagris gallopavo and grey francolin Francolinus pondicerinus. All the birds were kept under similar rearing conditions. A total o...

A correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-021-01793-9

In the present study, a precharacterized oleaginous microalgal species (Chlorella vulgaris) was exploited for its biomass productivity, lipid yield, and fatty acid analysis under mixotrophic and photoautotrophic conditions. For the purpose, the microalgal biomass was raised mixotrophically as well photoautotrophically. For mixotrophic cultivation,...

Algal lipids are being used extensively for the production of environment-friendly biofuels nowadays. However, quantity and quality of the extracted lipids are key prerequisites for the production of quality biofuels. The current study was carried out to analyze biomass productivity, lipid content and fatty acid profile of a pre-characterized oleag...

Several anti-nutritional substances are found in plant derivatives for example phytate, that make the nutrients and minerals unavailable to fish, hence leading to poor growth performance. Presence of the anti-nutrient factor such as phytate is a chelated compound and need enzyme for its breakdown and availability of nutrients to improve fish growth...

Green synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) had shown the positive effects on various parameters of human health. However, this can vary depending on plant category, NPs nature, doses of green synthesized NPs and type of cell or tissue taken for experiment. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of Allium cepa (A. cepa)-mediated zinc oxide ZnO...

Health consciousness is becoming an imperative factor driving the intentions of people towards fish consumption due to its healthy and nutritious characteristics. So, a simulated research was designed to study consumer‘s attitude towards Wild-caught fish and Farm-raised fish in district Bahawalpur, Punjab province, Pakistan. By using consumer‘s sur...

Background: Fish health and disease management is the key factor in modern aquaculture where intensification manifolds the infestation chances of parasites. Irrespective of antibiotics, the use of dietary additives gaining attention in development of aqua feed. Vitamin D is an important dietary additive for fish in terms it can boost up the immune...

This study was conducted in selected sites of District Bahawalnagar namely, Shaheed Chowk, Chak40/F, Chak 163/7R and Fareedkot Tiba between March 2019 and August 2019. Sampling techniques included recording of burrows, flooding, burrow exaction, noose traps and pit fall traps were used to capture Uromast yx hardwickii. During this survey 150 indivi...

The effects of the production system, breed cross, and their interaction on performance, egg quality, and hatching traits were evaluated. Rhode Island Red and Black Australorp were crossed with Naked Neck chickens (first generation RNN, and BNN, respectively). These crosses were mated among themselves and crossed to produce four crossbreds: RR (RNN...

Present study was conducted to record ecotoparasitic prevalence in bat fauna of the northwestern parts of Pakistan. A total of 204 bat specimens representing 14 species were captured during a two year survey, extending from June 2015 through May 2016. A species of soft ticks Argas vespertilionis was identified from 23 bat specimens. Similarly, memb...

In the present study, the second generation of two genotypes RNN (Rhode Island Red × Naked Neck) and BNN (Black Australorp × Naked Neck) obtained by two self-crosses (RNN × RNN =RR and BNN × BNN= BB) and two reciprocal crosses (RNN × BNN = RB and BNN × RNN = BR) were evaluated in three alternative production systems (conventional cages, enriched ca...

The Indus valley toad and common Asian toad are widely distributed toads in Pakistan. There is doubt in the taxonomic position of species within the genus Duttaphrynus in Pakistan as most of the species identified on morphology. Previously, Bufo melanostictus hazarensis identified on morphology but during the present study, it is confirmed as Dutta...

The Indus valley toad and common Asian toad are widely distributed toads in Pakistan. There is doubt in the taxonomic position of species within the genus Duttaphrynus in Pakistan as most of the species identified on morphology. Previously, Bufo melanostictus hazarensis identified on morphology but during the present study, it is confirmed as Dutta...

The Indus valley toad and common Asian toad are widely distributed toads in Pakistan. There is doubt in the taxonomic position of species within the genus Duttaphrynus in Pakistan as most of the species identified on morphology. Previously, Bufo melanostictus hazarensis identified on morphology but during the present study, it is confirmed as Dutta...

Health consciousness is becoming an imperative factor driving the intentions of people towards fish consumption due to its healthy and nutritious characteristics. So, a simulated research was designed to study consumer‘s attitude towards Wild-caught fish and Farm-raised fish in district Bahawalpur, Punjab province, Pakistan. By using consumer‘s sur...

Present study explored the biodiversity of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in the district of Bagh, and at some adjoining areas, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, during the period May 2017 to October 2017. The specimens were identifed under the binocular microscope by following the taxonomic keys of Christophers (1933), Barraud (1934) and Rueda (2004). A to...

During a two year survey extending from 2014 through 2016, specimens (n = 3) of Hodgson's bat Myotis formosus were captured from Bajaur Agency, FATA in Pakistan using mist and hand nets. External body, cranial and bacular features of the captured specimens were recorded and compared with available literature. Mean head and body length of the captur...

Health consciousness is becoming an imperative factor driving the intentions of people towards fish consumption due to its healthy and nutritious characteristics. So, a simulated research was designed to study consumer‘s attitude towards Wild-caught fish and Farm-raised fish in district Bahawalpur, Punjab province, Pakistan. By using consumer‘s sur...

Health consciousness is becoming an imperative factor driving the intentions of people towards fish consumption due to its healthy and nutritious characteristics. So, a simulated research was designed to study consumer‘s attitude towards Wild-caught fish and Farm-raised fish in district Bahawalpur, Punjab province, Pakistan. By using consumer‘s sur...

Arsenic (As), mercury (Hg) and cadmium (Cd) are one of the greatest threats to aquatic biota for their persistence, bioaccumulation and biomagnification across the globe. This study presents the first hand data of toxic trace metals in edible fish muscles, sediments and water sampled from Head Punjnad (HP), Pakistan during 2017. The likely reason f...

Arsenic (As), mercury (Hg) and cadmium (Cd) are one of the greatest threats to aquatic biota for their persistence, bioaccumulation and biomagnification across the globe. This study presents the first hand data of toxic trace metals in edible fish muscles, sediments and water sampled from Head Punjnad (HP), Pakistan during 2017. The likely reason f...

Background: Study of behavioral conformations play a significant role in ex-situ conservation of ungulates particularly of deer to propagate deer farming. Due to advancement in animal hunting techniques, captive breeding is the best solution to propagate animals for sports or other traditional & medicinal uses. Due to the lack of management methods...

The effects of feed and environmental factors have been studied in ecdysis process in Indian rock python. Ten experimental animals were observed in captivity and it was noted that ecdysis was more rapid during summer compared to winter. Furthermore, ticks and mites were recorded during both the seasons while internal parasite species belong to genu...

During the present study thirteen Megaderma lyra bats were observed roosting in dark, domed shaped room of Rohtas Fort, district Jhelum. Out of these, six specimens were captured from the roosting site, using hand net. All captured specimens were male. These bats were identified through their unique facial features, an erect and elongated nose-leaf...

This study examined the analysis of personal and production performance of broiler farming in 10 cities of central Punjab (Lahore, Sheikhupura, Kasur, Okara, Sargodha, Sahiwal, Gujranwala, Gujrat, Nankana, and Kamalia) of Pakistan. These districts are densely populated and renowned for broiler production. Primary data were collected through a surve...