Arnold G Nelson

• Ph.D.
• Professor Emeritus at Louisiana State University

Background Debates exist about the preference for single- or multiple-set resistance exercise (RE) on achieving similar training outcome, however, no study examined their effects on the heart, thus, this study was to examine the effect of volumematched single- and multiple-set RE on the myocardial response through examining rate pressure product (R...

Anthropometric variables will influence maximal respiratory pressure (MRP) values. Since significant variations exist in pulmonary nomograms amongst different races, it is important that tribe specific tables of normal maximal inspiratory pressures (MIP) and maximal expiratory pressures (MEP) be developed. To date, MRP prediction equations do not e...

Several pre-workout supplements contain niacin, although the exercise performance effects of niacin are poorly understood. The purpose of the present study was to examine the performance effects of niacin versus caffeine as a pre-workout supplement. Twenty-five untrained males were recruited to complete three identical ramped aerobic cycling exerci...

Abstract Studies showed fast muscle fibers have a greater constant b value of Hill's equation than that of slow muscle fibers, and the changing ratio of b/Vmax indicates the altered characteristics of muscles under certain conditions such as static stretching. This study was to investigate the effect of acute passive static stretching on the curvat...

Get on the path to increased flexibility and improved muscular strength! With more than 450,000 copies sold worldwide, Stretching Anatomy, Third Edition, is your go-to guide for seeing inside the stretches that will help you increase range of motion, supplement training, enhance recovery, and maximize efficiency of movement. Stretching Anatomy take...

Background and objectives: To investigate the effects of vinegar ingestion upon high-intensity cycle performance in recreationally trained individuals. Materials and methods: Twenty-two participants consumed one of the following in a randomized order on four separate visits: (1) 29 mL of vinegar along with 451 mL of water, (2) 39 g of sucrose along...

International Journal of Exercise Science 13(2): 744-754, 2020. Supplements are widely used in recreational and professional participants; however, their claimed benefits are hardly to test. This study compared the total lifted numbers and post-exercise estimated MVO2 while subjects were treated with either Muscle Sentry® (MS) or placebo (PL), in a...

The purpose of this case study is to compare a Type 2 diabetic's postprandial glucoregulatory ability under two different room lighting conditions. The subject was a 56-year-old physically active male with well controlled blood glucose levels (HbA1c ≤ 6% for 5 y) from a combination of diet, exercise, and medication. Two hours post evening meal (380...

We assessed metabolic flexibility (MF) via a mixed meal in a group of young, healthy participants with a positive family history of maternal type 2 diabetes (T2D) (FH+) and those without a family history of T2D (FH−) under three distinct conditions; baseline (BL; no previous exercise), 1‐h post high intensity interval exercise (1H), and 48‐h post e...

Muscular fatigue, which reduces force output and position sense, often leads to increased sway and potential balance impairments. In contrast, visually-guided saccadic eye movements (saccades) can attenuate sway more than fixating gaze on an external target. The goals of this study were to determine whether the use of saccades could reduce the incr...

Farney, TM, MacLellan, MJ, Hearon, CM, Johannsen, NM, and Nelson, AG. The effect of aspartate and sodium bicarbonate supplementation on muscle contractile properties among trained men. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2018-The focus of this investigation was to examine the effects of aspartate and NaHCO3 supplementation on muscle contractile pro...

It has been determined that individuals who are regularly physically active have more favorable inflammatory profiles; less is known about how vitamin D levels can impact inflammation. This study explored the relationship between inflammatory indices in physically active (PA) and not physically active (NPA) individuals with 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25O...

Background: Reductions in one repetition maximum lifts (1RM) following static stretching can be attributed to enhanced neural inhibition, which can be reduced by using stimulants like caffeine. This study compared knee-flexion 1RM following either static stretching (SS) or no-stretching (NS), as well as after ingesting either caffeine (C) or place...

Notwithstanding the lack of exercise research, several reviews have championed the use of melatonin to combat metabolic syndrome. Therefore, this study compared substrate utilization during a 30-minute (min) graded exercise protocol following the ingestion of either 6 mg melatonin (M) or a placebo (P). Participants (12 women, 12 men) performed stag...

Background: Determining predictive markers for the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D), particularly in young individuals, offers immense potential benefits in preventative medicine. Previous research examining serum fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) in humans has revealed equivocal relationships with clinical markers of metabolic dysfunction....

Editor's Note, The ability to lift heavy loads while performing multiple repetitions is not only highly correlated with muscle mass or the total number actomyosin interactions, but also metabolic functions that includes substrate concentrations and by-product removal. Muscles use adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in at least three locations during exerc...

Muscle Sentry® is an exercise supplement that its manufacturer claims will give a person "gains in stamina and endurance, and increased cardiovascular efficiency" in both aerobic and anaerobic work. However, data concerning Muscle Sentry®’s influence on increased endurance and cardiovascular efficiency are only based on increases in VO2max. Actual...

Combined aerobic and resistance training (ATRT) programs are recommended to improve fitness; however, a novel training program focused on individual body type (BT) may provide additional benefits to body satisfaction. Purpose: To examine body image dissatisfaction (BID) responses after ~7 weeks of BT training or ATRT. Methods: Participants (age 19±...

Spirometry is the most important tool in diagnosing pulmonary disease and is the most frequently performed pulmonary function test. Respiratory disease is also one of the greatest causes for morbidity and mortality on the Hopi Nation, but no specific reference equations exist for this unique population. The purpose of this study was to determine if...

The effects of resistance training on adiponectin have thus far yielded equivocal results. However, the effect of periodized resistance training on plasma adiponectin in offspring of diabetics (OD) and non-diabetics (ND) (first degree family history) has yet to be determined. Untrained, healthy young men with and without a first degree family histo...

This study compared the number of bilateral leg presses done at 150% of body mass while on either Muscle Sentry® (MS) or placebo (PL). Participants (16 women, 14 men, college students 19–26 years) performed 2 sets of leg press to failure using 150% of their body mass with 5 min rest separating the 2 sets. Each exercise was performed twice (1× MS, 1...

Background Since it has been shown that spending 18 h under dim light conditions can result in reduced handgrip endurance, it was questioned whether or not a shorter exposure to dim light (i.e., 1 h) would have similar influence upon muscular endurance. Therefore this study compared the number of weighted knee extension lifts that could be done aft...

Family history of diabetes (FH) is associated with impaired cardiometabolic function. Aerobic exercise improves insulin sensitivity, though resistance training studies on fasting glucose (FG) in FH are lacking. This study examined the effects of 7-weeks of high-intensity-resistance-focused training (HIRFT), including circuit, core, and plyometric r...

The purpose of this study was to determine the extent that a static stretching program could increase heart rate (HR) and oxygen consumption (VO2), and if the increases were sufficient to serve as a warm-up for aerobic activity.Methods The HR and VO2 of 15 male and 16 female college students were measured after either 12 min of passive static stret...

INTRODUCTION Glycogen has a highly branched structure with the branch points formed by glucose molecules being joined by α 1,6‐glycosidic linkages. These linkages are formed by the action of branching enzyme (BE). While glycogen BE has been studied in clinical medicine, modulation of the enzyme has received little attention. This study measured the...

Unlabelled: In type 2 diabetes (T2D), insulin resistance is related to comorbidities, including high lipotoxicity, poor glucoregulation, and loss of metabolic flexibility. Controversy exists regarding whether reduced metabolic flexibility precedes insulin resistance or vice versa. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine whether a fam...

Since anthropometric variables are critical to the creation of pulmonary nomograms for FVC, FEV1, and other volumes and capacities, it is logical that anthropometric variables also influence the values of the maximal respiratory pressures (MRPs). Since nomograms are race-specific, it is important that tribe-specific tables of normal maximal inspira...

It was questioned whether a unilateral stretching program would induce a crosstraining effect in the contralateral muscle. To test this, 13 untrained individuals participated in a 10-week stretching program while 12 other untrained individuals served as a control group. For the experimental group, the right calf muscle was stretched 4 times for 30...

Nelson, AG, Kokkonen, J, Arnall, DA, and Li, L. Acute stretching increases postural stability in nonbalance trained individuals. J Strength Cond Res 26(11): 3095-3100, 2012-Studies into the relationship between acute stretching and maintenance of postural balance have been inconclusive. It was hypothesized that familiarization with the task and sub...

Can passive static stretching lower blood glucose in an at-risk population? Randomised, within-participant experimental study. 22 adults (17 males) either at increased risk of Type 2 diabetes or with Type 2 diabetes. The participants reported to the laboratory 2hr after eating a meal, and drank 355ml of fruit juice (∼43g carbohydrate). Thirty minut...

Training with flexi-cord rubber tubing has been demonstrated in the literature as a way to increase strength, especially in a rehabilitation setting. Additionally, flexi-cord rubber tubing has been used by practitioners to provide assistance and resistance during sprint mechanical work training. To our knowledge, no study has been conducted to dete...

PURPOSE:Cold-water immersion (CWI) is a frequently used modality to treat Delayed-Onset Muscle-Soreness (DOMS); however its effectiveness in attenuating performance decrements remains unclear. Therefore we examined CWI effectiveness in reducing the negative effects of DOMS on single-leg triple hop performance (SLTH) in competitive distance runners....

The purpose of this investigation was to examine the relationships between measures of maximal isometric force (peak force [PF]), rate of force development (RFD), vertical jump performance (VJ) and 1-repetition maximum (1RM) strength in recreationally trained men. The subjects in this study were 26 men ([mean +/- SD]: age 22 +/- 1 years; height 175...

This study investigated differences in lower-body strength improvements when using standard progressive resistance training (WT) vs. the same progressive resistance training combined with static stretching exercises (WT + ST). Thirty-two college students (16 women and 16 men) were pair matched according to sex and knee extension 1 repetition maximu...

The purpose of this investigation was to examine the relationships between measures of maximal isometric force (PF), rate of force development (RFD), vertical jump performance (VJ) and one repetition maximum (1RM) strength in recreationally trained men. The subjects in this study were 26 men ((mean ± SD): age 22 ± 1 years; height 175 ± 7 cm; mass 9...

While it has been well established that an acute stretching program can inhibit maximal muscle performance, the amount of stretching needed to produce the deleterious response is unknown. Therefore this study examined the dose-response relationship between acute stretching and strength inhibition. Eighteen college students performed a one repetitio...

Spirometry is the most important tool in diagnosing pulmonary disease and is the most frequently performed pulmonary function test. Since respiratory disease is the single greatest cause for morbidity and mortality on the Navajo Nation, the purpose of this study was to create new age and race-specific pulmonary nomograms for Navajo children. Five h...

The purpose of this study was to determine if NO blood concentrations increased acutely following an 8-week course of pulsed infrared light therapy (PILT) which could be linked to an improvement in peripheral protective sensation (PPS) in patients who have profound chronic diabetic peripheral neuropathy. A total of 22 subjects with the diagnosis of...

Previous research has shown that static stretching (SS) can diminish the peak force output of stretch-shortening cycle actions while performing a dynamic warm-up (DW) protocol has been shown to enhance performance in similar activities. The purpose of this study was to establish whether the deleterious effects of SS would wash out the performance e...

The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of various exercise sequences in the early weeks of a strength training program. Forty-two untrained men were randomly assigned to one of 4 training regimens, which were differentiated by the order in which the exercises were performed, and trained 3 days per week for 4 weeks. Three regimens were...

The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of various exercise sequences in the early weeks of a strength training program. Forty-two untrained men were randomly assigned to one of 4 training regimens, which were differentiated by the order in which the exercises were performed, and trained 3 days per week for 4 weeks. Three regimens were...

This study investigated the influence of static stretching exercises on specific exercise performances. Thirty-eight volunteers participated in this study. The stretching group (STR) consisted of 8 males and 11 females whose activity was limited to a 10-wk, 40-min, 3-d.wk(-1) static stretching routine designed to stretch all the major muscle groups...

Research data indicates a persistence of elevated muscle glycogen concentration 3 days post-supercompensation in resting athletes. This study expands our earlier findings by determining whether muscle glycogen remains elevated 3, 5, or 7 days post-supercompensation. Seventeen trained male cyclists underwent one bout of exhaustive exercise to deplet...

It has been suggested, that water exercise is less effective than weight-bearing exercise on land for body fat reduction. To test this hypothesis 38 middle-aged obese women (25-47% body fat) participated in a 13 week exercise-diet program to compare the effects of aerobic exercise in water versus walking on land on indices of fat reduction and weig...

Pulsed infrared light therapy (PILT) has been shown to increase peripheral sensation in diabetic patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). However, most studies last for very short periods, with the subjects receiving only 6-20 treatments. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an eight-week course of PILT in rever...