Arnaud Scherberich

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• Professor
• Research Group Leader at University of Basel

Significance: Recapitulation of endochondral ossification (ECO) (i.e., generation of marrow-containing ossicles through a cartilage intermediate) has relevance to develop human organotypic models for bone or hematopoietic cells and to engineer grafts for bone regeneration. This study demonstrated that expanded, human adult adipose-derived stromal...

Stromal Vascular Fraction (SVF) cells freshly isolated from adipose tissue include osteogenic- and vascular-progenitors, yet their relevance in bone fracture healing is currently unknown. Here, we investigated whether human SVF cells directly contribute to the repair of experimental fractures in nude rats, and explored the feasibility/safety of the...

Stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells of human adipose tissue have the capacity to generate osteogenic grafts with intrinsic vasculogenic properties. However, adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASC), even after minimal monolayer expansion, display poor osteogenic capacity in vivo. We investigated whether ASC bone-forming capacity may be maintained...

Several cartilage and bone organoids have been developed in vitro and in vivo using adult mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) or pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) to mimic different phases of endochondral ossification (ECO), as one of the main processes driving skeletal development and growth. While cellular and molecular features of growth plate-lik...

Tissue engineering approaches hold great promise in the field of regenerative medicine, especially in the context of pediatric applications, where ideal grafts need to restore the function of the targeted tissue and consider growth. In the present study, we aimed to develop a protocol to engineer autologous phalangeal grafts of relevant size for ch...

Bionic tissues offer an exciting frontier in biomedical research by integrating biological cells with artificial electronics, such as sensors. One critical hurdle is the development of artificial electronics that can mechanically harmonize with biological tissues, ensuring a robust interface for effective strain transfer and local deformation sensi...

Endochondral ossification (ECO), the major ossification process during embryogenesis and bone repair, involves the formation of a cartilaginous template remodelled into a functional bone organ. Adipose-derived stromal cells (ASC), non-skeletal multipotent progenitors from the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) of human adipose tissue, were shown to re...

Bioreactors enabling direct perfusion of cell suspensions or culture media through the pores of 3D scaffolds have long been used in tissue engineering to improve cell seeding efficiency as well as uniformity of cell distribution and tissue development. A macro‐scale U‐shaped bioreactor for cell culture under perfusion (U‐CUP) has been previously de...

We previously described an immortalized, genetically-engineered human Mesenchymal stromal cell line to generate BMP2-enriched Chondrogenic Matrices (MB-CM), which after devitalization and storage could efficiently induce ectopic bone tissue by endochondral ossification. In order to increase the efficiency of MB-CM utilization towards engineering sc...

Iron deposits in cells and tissues can be detected by ex vivo histological examination through the Prussian blue (PB) staining. This practical, inexpensive, and highly sensitive technique involves the treatment of fixed tissue sections and cells with acid solutions of ferrocyanides that combine with ferric ion forming a bright blue pigment (i.e., f...

Featured Application Combining microtomography before and after decalcification with histology data by means of registration enables tri-variate histograms for labeling mature and newly formed bone as well as soft tissue components in rat jaw. Abstract Distraction osteogenesis is a clinically established technique for lengthening, molding and shap...

Background: Devitalized bone matrix (DBM) is currently the gold standard alternative to autologous bone grafting in maxillofacial surgery. However, it fully relies on its osteoconductive properties and therefore requires defects with healthy bone surrounding. Fractionated human adipose tissue, when differentiated into hypertrophic cartilage in vitr...

Cells of the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) of human adipose tissue have the capacity to generate osteogenic grafts with intrinsic vasculogenic properties. However, cultured adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs), even after minimal monolayer expansion, lose osteogenic capacity in vivo. Communication between endothelial and stromal/mesenchymal cell...

As part of the engineering of bone grafts, wrapping constructs in well-vascularized tissue, such as fascial flaps, improves bone formation. Our aim was to understand the cross-sectional vascularization pattern of human adipofascial flaps for this application. Methods: Seven adipofascial anterolateral thigh (ALT) flaps were harvested from five hum...

The reconstruction of complex midface defects is a challenging clinical scenario considering the high anatomical, functional, and aesthetic requirements. In this study, we proposed a surgical treatment to achieve improved oral rehabilitation and anatomical and functional reconstruction of a complex defect of the maxilla with a vascularized, enginee...

Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have various applications in biomedicine, including imaging, drug delivery and release, genetic modification, cell guidance, and patterning. By combining MNPs with polymers, magnetic nanocomposites (MNCs) with diverse morphologies (core–shell particles, matrix‐dispersed particles, microspheres, etc.) can be generated....

Significance Recapitulating human blood cancers in vitro remains challenging due to the limitations of current models to culture patient-derived malignant hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in entirely human bone marrow microenvironments. We demonstrate that progenitor cells from patients with acute myeloid leukemia and myeloproliferative neop...

Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) are frequently located around the bone marrow (BM) vasculature. These so-called perivascular niches regulate HSC function both in health and disease, but they have been poorly studied in humans due to the scarcity of models integrating complete human vascular structures. Herein, we propose the stromal...

By permeabilizing the cell membrane with ultrasound and facilitating the uptake of iron oxide nanoparticles, the magneto-sonoporation (MSP) technique can be used to instantaneously label transplantable cells (like stem cells) to be visualized via magnetic resonance imaging in vivo. However, the effects of MSP on cells are still largely unexplored....

Background Viral infections may trigger autoimmunity in genetically predisposed individuals. Immunizations mimic viral infections immunologically, but only in rare instances vaccinations coincide with the onset of autoimmunity. Inadvertent vaccine injection into periarticular shoulder tissue can cause inflammatory tissue damage (‘shoulder injury re...

Of the four tenascins found in bony fish and tetrapods, tenascin-W is the least understood. It was first discovered in the zebrafish and later in mouse, where it was mistakenly named tenascin-N. Tenascin-W is expressed primarily in developing and mature bone, in a subset of stem cell niches, and in the stroma of many solid tumors. Phylogenetic stud...

Introduction: Avascular necrosis of bone (AVN) leads to sclerosis and collapse of bone and joints. We have previously shown that axially-vascularized osteogenic constructs, engineered by combining human stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells and a ceramic scaffold, can revitalize necrotic bone of clinically relevant size in a rat model of AVN. For a...

Chicken egg white is an abundant, inexpensive and natural source of important proteins such as ovalbumin and lysozyme. Thanks to its bioactivity, easy handling, anti-bacterial activity and biodegradability, egg white is being used since centuries as excipient of poultices for the treatment of various disorders. Owing to unique thermal and electrica...

The first choice for reconstruction of clinical-size bone defects consists of autologous bone flaps, which often lack the required mechanical strength and cause significant donor-site morbidity. We have previously developed biological substitutes in a rabbit model by combining bone tissue engineering and flap pre-fabrication. However, spontaneous v...

Despite considerable advances in microsurgical techniques over the past decades, bone tissue remains a challenging arena to obtain a satisfying functional and structural restoration after damage. Through the production of substituting materials mimicking the physical and biological properties of the healthy tissue, tissue engineering strategies add...

Nanomaterials have great potential for the prevention and treatment of cancer. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are cancer cells of solid tumor origin entering the peripheral blood after detachment from a primary tumor. The occurrence and circulation of CTCs are accepted as a prerequisite for the formation of metastases, which is the major cause of c...

We reported herein an efficient method for constructing dendritic bisphosphonic acid tweezers of generation 1 and 2, which have been proven as versatile surface coatings for metal oxides implants or nanoparticles. These dendritic structures were successully utilized for different purposes: i) biocompatible coverings for iron oxide nanoparticles thr...

Bone and osteochondral defects represent one of the major causes of disabilities in the world. Derived from traumas and degenerative pathologies, these lesions cause severe pain, joint deformity, and loss of joint motion. The standard treatments in clinical practice present several limitations. By producing functional substitutes for damaged tissue...

Engineering of materials consisting of hypertrophic cartilage, as physiological template for de novo bone formation through endochondral ossification (ECO), holds promise as a new class of biological bone substitutes. Here, we assessed the efficiency and reproducibility of bone formation induced by the combination of ceramic granules with fractiona...

Being crucial in several pathologic conditions, tumors, and tissue engineering, MRI tracing of the hypoxia within cells and tissues would be improved by the use of nanosystems allowing for direct targeting of low oxygenation and further treatment-oriented development. In the present study, we functionalized dendron-coated iron oxide nanoparticles (...

Exposure of cells to externally applied magnetic fields or to scaffolding materials with intrinsic magnetic properties (magnetic actuation) can regulate several biological responses. Here, we generated novel magnetized nanocomposite hydrogels by incorporation of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) into polyethylene glycol (PEG)-based hydrogels containing...

Introduction: In reconstructive surgery, fat volume augmentation is often necessary for esthetic or functional reasons. As an alternative to synthetic and xenogeneic materials, autologous fat grafting (AFG) based on liposuction is gaining popularity, yet successful transplantation and long-term volume maintenance are difficult. Standard tumescent...

Large and complex bone defects represent challenging clinical scenarios, typically requiring autologous vascularized bone transplants. In order to bypass the numerous associated limitations, here we aimed at ectopically prefabricating a bone graft surrogate with vascular pedicle. A hollow cylinder of devitalized cancellous bone was used to define t...

The fate of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the perivascular niche, as well as factors controlling their fate, is poorly understood. Here, we study MSCs in the perivascular microenvironment of endothelial capillaries by modifying a synthetic 3D biomimetic poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-hydrogel system in vitro We show that MSCs together with endothel...

Many steps are required to generate bone through endochondral ossification with adipose mesenchymal stromal cells (ASC), from cell isolation to in vitro monolayer expansion, seeding into scaffolds, cartilaginous differentiation and in vivo remodeling. Moreover, monolayer expansion and passaging of ASC strongly decreases their differentiation potent...

Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-2 (TREM-2), a transmembrane receptor expressed by macrophages, microglia and osteoclasts, plays a protective role in late-onset Alzheimer Disease (AD). To validate TREM-2 as a therapeutic target in AD, its potential secondary effect on bone homeostasis should be clarified. However, animal models and mo...

The isolation of stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells from excised human adipose tissue, for clinical or research purposes, implies the tedious and time consuming process of manual mincing prior to enzymatic digestion. Since no efficient alternative technique to this current standard procedure has been proposed so far, the aim of this study was to...

Statement of significance: In this study we combined the functionalities of a synthetic polymer with those of an engineered and subsequently devitalized extracellular matrix (ECM) to generate a hybrid material for adipose tissue regeneration. The developed hybrid ECM-OPAAF was demonstrated to regulate human adipose stromal cells adipogenic commitm...

In vitro recapitulation of an organotypic stromal environment, enabling efficient angiogenesis, is crucial to investigate and possibly improve vascularization in regenerative medicine. Our study aims at engineering the complexity of a vascular milieu including multiple cell-types, a stromal extracellular matrix (ECM), and molecular signals. For thi...

Background: Avascular necrosis of bone (AVN) leads to sclerosis and collapse of bone and joints. The standard of care, vascularized bone grafts, is limited by donor site morbidity and restricted availability. The aim of this study was to generate and test engineered, axially vascularized SVF cells-based bone substitutes in a rat model of AVN. Met...

Here, we report a facile method to generate electrically conductive nanofibers by coating and subsequently chemically reducing graphene oxide (GO) liquid crystals on a polycaprolactone (PCL) mat. Ultra large GO sheets obtained are in favor of charge carrier mobility and oriented morphology of the GO coating. We showed that coating the reduced GO (r...

There is accumulating evidence that interactions between epidermal melanocytes and stromal cells play an important role in the regulation of skin pigmentation. In this study we established a pigmented dermo-epidermal skin model (melDESS) of human origin to investigate the effects of distinct stromal cells on melanogenesis. melDESS is a complex, cli...

Tissue engineered constructs (TECs) based on spheroids of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs) combined with calcium phosphate (CaP) micro-particles and enveloped in a platelet-rich-plasma (PRP) hydrogel showed that aggregation of MSCs improves their ectopic bone formation potential. The stromal vascular fraction (SVF) and adipose-derive...

Objectives Bone ischemia and necrosis are challenging to treat, requiring investigation of native and engineered bone revascularisation processes through advanced imaging techniques. This study demonstrates an experimental two-step method for precise bone and vessel analysis in native bones or vascularised bone grafts using X-ray microtomography (μ...

Assessing the morphological features of native and engineered tissues is pivotal to evaluate their degree of development and to identify possible structure-function relationships. Conventional histological or immunohistochemical imaging of stained sections provides limited information about their architecture. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) yie...

Engineered hypertrophic cartilage (HC) represents an attractive bone substitute material, capable to induce bone formation by endochondral ossification. Since bone formation by HC depends on factors released from the extracellular matrix, in this study, we hypothesized that HC seeding with monocytes committed to osteoclastogenesis could enhance its...

Background: Liposuction and subsequent autologous fat grafting have become essential techniques for fat augmentation in plastic surgery. However, standard harvesting techniques that ensure the survival of adipocytes and stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells and thus preserve the transplanted fat volume are lacking. In particular, the effect of dif...

Significance: This study validates an innovative bone substitute material based on allogeneic hypertrophic cartilage that is engineered, devitalized, stored, and clinically used, together with autologous cells, intraoperatively derived from a lipoaspirate. The strategy was tested using human cells in an ectopic model and an orthotopic implantation...

Pericyte recruitment is essential for the stability of newly formed vessels. It was also suggested that pericytes represent common ancestor cells giving rise to mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the adult. Here, we systematically investigated pericytes and MSCs from different human tissues in terms of their angiogenic and multilineage differentiatio...

Introduction: Numerous scaffolding materials based on either synthetic or natural polymers have been investigated in the context of adipose tissue engineering for regenerative medicine applications. In parallel, devitalized native adipose tissue has shown great in vivo potential to enhance regeneration and instruct repair of damaged soft tissues....

Purpose: The need for clinically applicable skin substitutes continues to be a matter of fact. Hypothetically, a laboratory grown autologous skin analog with near normal architecture might be a suitable approach to yield both satisfactory functional and cosmetic long-term results. In this study, we explored the use of human endothelial cells derive...

Supporting Information

The availability of 3D sponges combining proper biochemical, biophysical, and biomechanical properties with enhanced capacity of in vivo engraftment and vascularization is crucial in regenerative medicine. A simple process is developed to generate macroporous scaffolds with a well-defined architecture of interconnected pores from chicken egg white...

Introduction: Autologous fat grafting is a popular technique in plastic surgery. A mechanical processing method is used to allow facilitated fat injection. No study has investigated whether this process affects cell quality and preservation of biological functionality. This study analyzed the influence of quick perfusion through two interconnected...

The use of fetal bovine serum (FBS) as a culture medium supplement in cell therapy and clinical tissue engineering is challenged by immunological concerns and the risk of disease transmission. Here we tested whether human, thrombin-activated, pooled, platelet-rich plasma (tPRP) can be substituted for FBS in the engineering of osteogenic and vasculo...

The gold standard treatment of large segmental bone defects is autologous bone transfer, which suffers from low availability and additional morbidity. Tissue engineered bone able to engraft orthotopically and a suitable animal model for pre-clinical testing are direly needed. This study aimed to evaluate engraftment of tissue-engineered bone with d...

Tissue engineering is a popular topic in peripheral nerve repair. Combining a nerve conduit with supporting adipose derived cells could offer an opportunity to prevent time consuming Schwann cell culture or the use of an autograft with its donor site morbidity and eventually improve clinical outcome. Aim of this study was to provide a broad overvie...

Autologous fat grafting is a popular technique in plastic surgery. A mechanical processing method is used to facilitate fat injection. No study has investigated whether this process affects cell quality and preservation of biological functionality. This study analyzed the influence of quick mechanical processing through two interconnected small-dia...

Tenascin-W is a matricellular protein with a dynamically changing expression pattern in development and disease. In adults, tenascin-W is mostly restricted to stem cell niches, and is also expressed in the stroma of solid cancers. Here we analyzed tenascin-W expression in the bone microenvironment of breast cancer metastasis. Osteoblasts were isola...

Abstract Rationale: Traumatic nerve injuries are a major clinical challenge. Tissue engineering using a combination of nerve conduits and cell based therapies represents a promising approach to nerve repair. The aim of this study is to examine the regeneration potential of human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) after transplantation in a non-auto...

Nasal chondrocytes (NC) derive from the same multipotent embryological segment that gives rise to the majority of the maxillofacial bone and have been reported to differentiate into osteoblast-like cells in vitro. In this study, we assessed the capacity of adult human NC, appropriately primed towards hypertrophic or osteoblastic differentiation, to...

The ultimate success of tissue-engineered constructs after their in vivo implantation strongly depends on the rapid establishment of an efficient vascular network throughout the implant; this ensures its long-term viability and functionality. During the past two decades, tremendous effort has been dedicated to explore ways to promote, induce, or ac...

Introduction: The goal is to generate a tissue engineered vascularized bone graft, potentially replacing the autologous vascularized bone graft in the treatment of avascular bone necrosis. Material and Methods: A 1,25mm hole was drilled into a cylindrical HA-scaffold of 1x1cm, which was then seeded in a perfusion bioreactor system with human SVF ce...

Background: Cleft lip and cleft palate are increasingly being detected by prenatal ultrasound, which raises the opportunity of using the patient's own osteogenicity from umbilical cord mesenchymal cells for bony repair. The authors address the growth of the cells under a fully defined and regulated protocol. Methods: Wharton jelly-derived mesenc...

In primary human bone marrow cultures, the initial adherent cell fraction has been shown to provide a microenvironment for self-renewal of primitive non-adherent mesenchymal progenitors (BM-NAMP), with increased differentiation potential compared to adherent Colony Forming Units-fibroblast (CFU-f). The present study investigates whether NAMP exist...

The hTERT-immortalization of human bone marrow-derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (hMSCs) was proposed to address availability/standardization issues for experimental or clinical studies, but raised concerns due to possible uncontrolled growth or malignant cell transformation. Here we report a method to generate a hMSCs line with controlled survival...