Arnaldo Dias-Santos

• Medical Doctor at Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central

Purpose To determine predictive factors of higher levels of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in the long-term after primary Descemet’s membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK). Methods Retrospective, single-surgeon case series of 129 successful primary DMEK eyes without graft failure and with a minimum postoperative follow-up of 12 months. Mixe...

Anterior capsular contraction syndrome is an uncommon but well-known complication associated with continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis performed during cataract surgery. It remains asymptomatic unless the constriction progresses to involve the visual axis or causes late intraocular lens-related complications. A male patient in his 50s presented wit...

Purpose To analyze the outcomes of Descemet’s membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) for corneal endothelial failure secondary to phakic intraocular lens implantation (PIOL) at a reference center for corneal transplantation in Spain. Design Retrospective, single-surgeon case series. Methods Single-center analysis of patients who underwent DMEK...

The aim of this study was to analyze the outcomes of eyes with visually significant cystoid macular œdema (vs-CMO) after Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) in a referral center for keratoplasty in Spain. We conducted a retrospective, single-surgeon case series of eyes that developed post-DMEK vs-CMO performed between January 2011 and...

Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic, autoimmune and multisystemic disease. Recent studies with functional and structural magnetic resonance imaging and cognitive tests report an unexpectedly high frequency of central nervous system involvement, even in patients with asymptomatic SLE. The purpose of this study was to identif...

To prospectively evaluate changes in peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (pRNFL), in all macular layers and in choroidal thickness (CT) in a cohort of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients without ophthalmologic manifestations. To associate those changes with ophthalmic characteristics, disease activity state, medication and systemic como...

Objective To evaluate ocular involvement in a cohort of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients of a tertiary referral center and to compare the results with the existing literature. Methods Patients underwent a complete ophthalmological evaluation, including visual acuity, slit-lamp examination, fluorescein staining, Schirmer-I test, Goldmann...

Purpose To find early signs of retinal neurodegeneration by comparing the thickness of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) and of all macular layers between systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients without ophthalmologic manifestations and healthy controls. The effect of disease duration and systemic comorbidities was also studied....

Purpose To compare choroidal thickness (CT) between patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) without ophthalmologic manifestations and a control group. To study the effects in CT of disease duration, disease activity index, medication and systemic comorbidities. Methods Cross‐sectional study where spectral‐domain optical coherence tomograp...

Purpose To compare choroidal thickness (CT) between patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) without ophthalmologic manifestations and a control group. To study the effects in CT of disease duration, activity index, medication and systemic comorbidities. Methods Cross-sectional study where spectral-domain optical coherence tomography with...

Purpose: To evaluate the structural changes in the neurosensory retina (NSR) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) without diabetic retinopathy (WDR), as measured by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Methods: Cross-sectional, non-interventional, comparative study of patients with diagnosis of T2DM WDR against matched...

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune connective tissue disorder that can involve any organ system. Central nervous system involvement can be a severe life threatening complication, ultimately resulting in severe neurodegenerative changes. Magnetic resonance imaging suggests that neurodegeneration, which may have deleterious effects o...

Background: Peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) and internal macular layer thinning have been demonstrated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) with optical coherence tomography (OCT) studies. The purpose of this study is to compare the pRNFL thickness and overall retinal thickness (RT) in AD patients with non-AD patients, using spectral domain...

Introduction The purpose of this study was to measure and to compare macular choroidal thickness (CT) between patients with mild Alzheimer's disease (AD), patients without AD, and elderly patients. Methods CT was measured manually in 13 locations at 500-μm intervals of a horizontal and a vertical section from the fovea. Linear regression models we...

Purpose: To identify changes in choroidal thickness (CT) and all retinal layers of diabetic patients without diabetic retinopathy (DR) after one year of follow-up. Design: Prospective observational cohort study. Methods: Overall, 125 diabetic patients without DR were included. Two visits were scheduled: the first visit (V1) and a second visit...

Purpose: To compare the thickness of all retinal layers between a nondiabetic group and diabetic patients without diabetic retinopathy (DR). Methods: Cross-sectional study, in which all subjects underwent an ophthalmic examination including optical coherence tomography. After automatic retinal segmentation, each retinal layer thickness (eight se...

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a prevalent, long-term progressive degenerative disorder with great social impact. It is currently thought that, in addition to neurodegeneration, vascular changes also play a role in the pathophysiology of the disease. Visual symptoms are frequent and are an early clinical manifestation; a number of psychophysiologic ch...

Purpose Hydroxychloroquine has been used for decades in treatment of rheumatic disorders. Macular toxicity is an adverse effect dependent to duration of treatment and daily dosage. Although, the exactly retinal structure under this toxic effect is not yet totally understandable. To study the sectorial effect of Hydroxychloroquine in all retinal lay...

Purpose The authors intend to present an analysis and comparison of the choroidal thickness in more distant superior regions. Choroidal thickness is increased in a heterogeneous pattern superiorly to the fovea in diabetic patients without diabetic retinopathy. Methods Observational case‐control study of 60 eyes of 60 patients with diabetes mellitu...

Purpose To evaluate the thickness of macular retina and determine which retinal layers are most affected by retrochiasmal visual pathways lesions. Methods Mean retinal thickness utilizing automated intraretinal layer segmentation of spectral domain optical coherence tomography scans was performed in 40 eyes of 40 patients with retrochiasmal visual...

Purpose To present a comparison of the thickness variation of the different retinal layers in diabetic patients without diabetic retinopathy. Methods A prospective observational study was performed. 175 eyes of 175 patients: 125 diabetic patients without diabetic retinopathy and 50 subjects without diabetes (age and gender matched) from the ophtha...

Purpose To evaluate choroidal thickness ( CT ) in diabetic patients without diabetic retinopathy ( DR ) using enhanced depth imaging spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography ( EDI SD ‐ OCT ). To correlate CT with disease duration, systemic blood pressure ( BP ), glycemia, intraocular pressure ( IOP ) and ocular pulse amplitude ( OPA ). Methods...

Purpose Historically, is made the distinction between optic neuropathies and macular diseases. Although, in our practical experience we believe that optic nerve ( ON ) damage, such as nerve edema or atrophy, at certain point will affect the macula. We have analyzed the scientific/structural impact of this clinical impression. The authors studied th...

Purpose: The authors intend to present an analysis and comparison of the choroidal thickness in more distant superior regions. Choroidal thickness is increased in a heterogeneous pattern superiorly to the fovea in diabetic patients without diabetic retinopathy. Methods: Observational case-control study of 60 eyes of 60 patients with diabetes mellit...

Purpose: To evaluate the thickness of macular retina and determine which retinal layers are most affected by retrochiasmal visual pathways lesions. Methods: Mean retinal thickness utilizing automated intraretinal layer segmentation of spectral domain optical coherence tomography scans was performed in 40 eyes of 40 patients with retrochiasmal visua...

Purpose. To report a case of bilateral punctate inner choroidopathy (PIC). Case Report. A 26-year-old Caucasian woman presented with bilateral blurred vision with one year of evolution. There was no relevant systemic disease or family history. Best-corrected visual acuity in the right eye was 20/30 and in the left eye was 20/20; there was no clini...

To analyze the retinal ganglion cell layer (RGL) by optical coherence tomography (OCT) in toxic and nutritional optic neuropathy and to correlate its thickness and volume with functional damage. We conducted an observational cross-sectional study in healthy subjects and in patients with toxic optic neuropathy observed in the Neuro-Ophthalmology Dep...

Objective: Some studies have hypothesized that an unfavourable higher order aberrometric profile could act as an amblyogenic mechanism and may be responsible for some amblyopic cases that are refractory to conventional treatment or cases of “idiopathic” amblyopia. This study compared the aberrometric profile in amblyopic children to that of childre...

Multifocal intraocular lenses (MF IOLs) have concentric optical zones with different dioptric power, enabling patients to have good visual acuity at multiple focal points. However, several optical limitations have been attributed to this particular design. The purpose of this study is to access the effect of MF IOLs design on the accuracy of retina...

Introduction Familial amyloid polyneuropathy is a group of autosomal dominant disorders characterized by extracellular amyloid deposition in several target organs. This paper aims to report an unusual manifestation of retinal vascular leakage including optic disc and macular edema in a patient with familial amyloid polyneuropathy. Case presentatio...

Purpose To evaluate macroscopic and microscopic morphological features of filtering blebs after trabeculectomy with Mitomycin C (MMC) or 5‐Fluorouracil (5‐FU) and correlate them with function. Methods Retrospective case control study of 28 eyes (21 patients) submitted to trabeculectomy (15 with MMC and 13 with 5‐FU) and 11 eyes (10 patients) treate...

Purpose To evaluate the differences between the thickness of the separate quadrants at the peripapillary RNFL, thickness and volume of the macula and choroidal thickness in Alzheimer disease ( AD) patients compared with a control group. Methods Transversal case control study in 50 eyes of AD patients and 150 eyes of heathy subjects, measuring the t...

Purpose The authors present an analysis of the automated macular ganglion cell complex measurements in patients with compressive chasmal lesions. Methods Observational study of 20 eyes of 20 patients with compressive chiasmal lesions followed at the neurophthalmology outpatient clinic. Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT SPECTRALIS® ‐ Heidelberg Engi...

Purpose: To compare the visual outcomes, disease progression, comorbidities and treatment efficacy in Toxoplasma uveitis between HIV-positive and non-infected patients. Setting: Department of Ophthalmology, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal. Methods: The authors present a retrospective study of 14 eyes of 11 patients with Toxoplasm...

Purpose: The authors present a comparison between intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements with dynamic contour tonometry (DCT) and Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT) after corneal ring segment implantation in patients with keratoconus. Setting/Venue: Department of Ophthalmology - Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Central - Lisbon, Portugal. Methods: A tra...

Nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NA-AION) is the most common nonglaucomatous optic neuropathy in adults over 50 years of age. It is usually related to cardiovascular risk factors. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate choroidal thickness in patients with chronic NA-AION, and the secondary objective was to evaluate macu...

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical outcomes of patients with suprachoroidal drainage devices. Methods: The authors describe 4 cases of patients presenting with preoperative intraocular pressures (IOP) between 30-40 mmHg, under triple glaucoma medication and history of multiple intraocular surgeries, who underwent suprachoroidal drainage device (Star...

Primary angle closure occurs as a result of crowded anterior segment anatomy, causing appositional contact between the peripheral iris and trabecular meshwork, thereby obstructing aqueous outflow. Several studies highlight the role of the crystalline lens in its pathogenesis. The objective of this work is to compare the long-term efficacy of phacoe...

Purpose: To present two patients with a sudden unexplained decrease in central corneal thickness. Materials/Patients: The patients were 30 and 33 years old and were referred to the outpatient clinic for Laser-Assisted in Situ Keratomileusis (LASIK). Methods: Visual acuity (VA) and pachymetry (central corneal thickness - CCT) were recorded throughou...

Purpose: To present a clinical case of a patient submitted to limbal stem cell transplant in the surgical treatment of pterygium. Setting/Venue: Pterygium is a degenerative growing of conjunctival tissue from the limbal region towards the cornea. Its incidence is influenced by geography and is higher in tropical climates. The pathogenesis can be ex...