Araz 𝖳aeihagh

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• D.Phil., University of Oxford
• Professor (Assistant) at National University of Singapore

The rapid and widespread diffusion of generative artificial intelligence (AI) has unlocked new capabilities and changed how content and services are created, shared, and consumed. This special issue builds on the 2021 Policy and Society special issue on the governance of AI by focusing on the legal, organizational, political, regulatory, and social...

In the last two decades, cities have embraced advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence, information and communications technology-based systems, internet of things, and big data analytics as a key component of the urban environment. These ‘smart cities’ use technological and digital solutions to enhance quality of life, increase access...

Artificial intelligence (AI) is arguably the most transformative technology of our time. While all nations would like to mobilize their resources to play an active role in AI development and utilization, only a few nations, such as the United States and China, have the resources and capacity to do so. If so, how can smaller or less resourceful coun...

Due to the fast spread of data through digital media, individuals and societies must assess the reliability of information. Deepfakes are not a novel idea but they are now a widespread phenomenon. The impact of deepfakes and disinformation can range from infuriating individuals to affecting and misleading entire societies and even nations. There ar...

The deepening integration of social-technical systems creates immensely complex environments, creating increasingly uncertain and unpredictable circumstances. Given this context, policymakers have been encouraged to draw on complexity science-informed approaches in policymaking to help grapple with and manage the mounting complexity of the world. F...

Technology evolves at a breakneck pace. As a result, legislatures are often unable to enact laws that can keep pace with technological changes. The dissonance between the state of the law and the state of technology intensifies with respect to biometric data because the purposes of biometric data use evolve, the types of biometric data expand, and...

Emerging autonomous vehicle (AV) technology is expected to bring substantive benefits to the transportation systems. This study focuses on the improvement of travel efficiency in transportation networks with AVs. Inspired by the concept of price of anarchy (PoA), we introduce a novel indicator, the benefit of vehicle automation (BVA), to quantify t...

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality in women worldwide. Yet cardiovascular disease in women remains underdiagnosed and undertreated, especially among vulnerable populations such as older women, low-income populations, and ethnic minorities. Resultantly, reduction in cardiovascular mortality among women has stagnated. To examine...

In recent years, the manipulation and decomposition of facial expressions and features have gained significant attention due to their extensive applications in diverse fields, including media entertainment and biometric forensics. However, leveraging these frameworks for photo enhancement encounters substantial challenges, primarily due to the adap...

The emergence of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) has exacerbated the challenges of Misinformation, Disinformation, and Mal-information (MDM) within digital ecosystems. These multifaceted challenges demand a re-evaluation of the digital information lifecycle and a deep understanding of its social impact. An interdisciplinary strategy inte...

Nowadays various innovative technologies have been adopted by governments worldwide in resolving various complex and grand societal challenges. We have reported an in-depth case study, which has elaborated how a Chinese metro company has governed the risks of adopting an innovative technology, mobile payment. We have identified three primary risks...

The past decades have seen unbridled growth in the economic, social and political influence of large technology corporations (Big Tech) in the United States. The rising popularity of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) is likely to further consolidate the power of these companies. The rapid expansion of Big Tech in various domains has trigge...

Globally, smart cities attract billions of dollars in investment annually, with related market opportunities forecast to grow year-on-year. The enormous resources poured into their development consist of financial capital, but also natural, human and social resources converted into infrastructure and real estate. The latter act as physical capital...

Autonomous systems that operate without human intervention by utilising artificial intelligence are a significant feature of the fourth industrial revolution. Various autonomous systems, such as driverless cars, unmanned drones and robots, are being tested in ongoing trials and have even been adopted in some countries. While there has been a discus...

Cities are increasingly adopting advanced technologies to address complex challenges. Applying technologies such as information and communication technology, artificial intelligence, big data analytics, and autonomous systems in cities' design, planning, and management can cause disruptive changes in their social, economic, and environmental compos...

How did China become one of the leaders in AI development, and will China prevail in the ongoing AI race with the US? Existing studies have focused on the Chinese central government’s role in promoting AI. Notwithstanding the importance of the central government, a significant portion of the responsibility for AI development falls on local governme...

In this Supplementary Document (PDF file below), we summarise the spatial typology of smart cities that we used in our article on the smart city as manifestation of 21st century capitalism (De Jong et al, 2024). The document lists six spatial types of smart city: [1] Science parks and smart campuses; [2] Innovation districts; [3] Smart neighbourhoo...

The growing digitalization of our society has led to a meteoric rise of large technology companies (Big Tech), which have amassed tremendous wealth and influence through their ownership of digital infrastructure and platforms. The recent launch of ChatGPT and the rapid popularization of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) act as a focusing e...

A growing body of literature recognises the role of local participation by end users in the successful implementation of sustainable development projects. Such community-based initiatives are widely assumed to be beneficial in providing additional savings, increasing knowledge and skills, and improving social cohesion. However, there is a lack of e...

From border control using fingerprints to law enforcement with video surveillance to self-activating devices via voice identification, biometric data is used in many applications in the contemporary context of a Smart City. Biometric data consists of human characteristics that can identify one person from others. Given the advent of big data and th...

This special issue examines the policy challenges and government responses to disruptive technologies. It explores the risks, benefits, and trade-offs of deploying disruptive technologies, and examines the efficacy of traditional governance approaches and the need for new regulatory and governance frameworks. Key themes include the need for governm...

CALL FOR PAPERS T07P01 - EXPLORING TECHNOLOGIES FOR POLICY ADVICE https://www.ippapublicpolicy.org/conference/icpp6-toronto-2023/panel-list/17/panel/exploring-technologies-for-policy-advice/1295 Abstract submission deadline: 31 January 2023 GENERAL OBJECTIVES, RESEARCH QUESTIONS AND SCIENTIFIC RELEVANCE Knowledge and expertise are key components...

CALL FOR PAPERS T07P01 - EXPLORING TECHNOLOGIES FOR POLICY ADVICE https://www.ippapublicpolicy.org/conference/icpp6-toronto-2023/panel-list/17/panel/exploring-technologies-for-policy-advice/1295 Abstract submission deadline: 31 January 2023 GENERAL OBJECTIVES, RESEARCH QUESTIONS AND SCIENTIFIC RELEVANCE Knowledge and expertise are key components...

CALL FOR PAPERS T13P05 - PLATFORM GOVERNANCE IN TURBULENT TIMES https://www.ippapublicpolicy.org/conference/icpp6-toronto-2023/panel-list/17/panel/platform-governance-in-turbulent-times/1428 Abstract submission deadline: 31 January 2023 GENERAL OBJECTIVES, RESEARCH QUESTIONS AND SCIENTIFIC RELEVANCE Platforms significantly increase the ease of int...

The proliferation of autonomous systems like unmanned aerial vehicles, autonomous vehicles and AI-powered industrial and social robots can benefit society significantly, but these systems also present significant governance challenges in operational, legal, economic, social, and ethical dimensions. Singapore's role as a front-runner in the trial of...

Most governments have enacted physical or social distancing measures to control COVID-19 transmission. Yet little is known about the socio-economic trade-offs of these measures, especially for vulnerable populations, who are exposed to increased risks and are susceptible to adverse health outcomes. To examine the impacts of physical distancing meas...

Autonomous systems have been a key segment of disruptive technologies for which data are constantly collected, processed, and shared to enable their operations. The internet of things facilitates the storage and transmission of data and data sharing is vital to power their development. However, privacy, cybersecurity, and trust issues have ramifica...

A transition to sustainable energy will require not only technological diffusion and behavioral change, but also policy innovation. While research on energy transitions has generated an extensive literature, the extent to which it has used the policy innovation perspective – entailing policy entrepreneurship or invention, policy diffusion, and poli...

Smart city initiatives are viewed as an input to existing urban systems to solve various problems faced by modern cities. Making cities smarter implies not only technological innovation and deployment, but also having smart people and effective policies. Cities can acquire knowledge and incorporate governance lessons from other jurisdictions to dev...

This article serves as a blueprint and proof-of-concept of Singapore’s Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE) programmes in establishing effective collaborations with governmental partners. CREATE is a research consortium between Singapore’s public universities and international research institutions. The effective par...

The speed and scale at which machine learning (ML) systems are deployed are accelerating even as an increasing number of studies highlight their potential for negative impact. There is a clear need for companies and regulators to manage the risk from proposed ML systems before they harm people. To achieve this, private and public sector actors firs...

Mapping the breath of Smart City Governance post-Covid-19: Critical Reflections on the Long-Term Impact of Digitalisation on Our Lives Convenors: Araz Taeihagh and Martin de Jong National University of Singapore and Erasmus University Rotterdam Workshop and Special Section Organisers Araz Taeihagh, Email, Website1 Website2 Policy Systems Group, L...

en What are the pathways for spreading disinformation on social media platforms? This article addresses this question by collecting, categorising, and situating an extensive body of research on how application programming interfaces (APIs) provided by social media platforms facilitate the spread of disinformation. We first examine the landscape of...

What are the pathways for spreading disinformation on social media platforms? This article addresses this question by collecting, categorising, and situating an extensive body of research on how application programming interfaces (APIs) provided by social media platforms facilitate the spread of disinformation. We first examine the landscape of off...

Background There are longstanding conceptual and theoretical links between political exposures and population health. Systematic reviews have demonstrated that the welfare state, political tradition, democracy and globalisation exert an important influence on population health outcomes. However, there has been no systematic analysis of the mechanis...

While policy study of smart city developments is gaining traction, it falls short of understanding and explaining knowledge transfers across national borders and cities. This article investigates how transboundary learning occurs through the initiation and development of a regional smart cities network: the ASEAN Smart Cities Network (ASCN). The ar...

Smart and sustainable cities rely on innovative technologies to cater to the needs of their constituents. One such need is for sustainable transport. Ridesharing is one of the ways through which sustainable transport can be deployed in smart cities. Ridesharing entered Southeast Asia in 2013, changing the nature of transportation in the region. As...

The rapid developments in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the intensification in the adoption of AI in domains such as autonomous vehicles, lethal weapon systems, robotics and alike pose serious challenges to governments as they must manage the scale and speed of socio-technical transitions occurring. While there is considerable literature emergin...

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) are increasingly proposed as a solution towards addressing urbanisation challenges in smart city initiatives, such as congestion, pollution, road safety and transport accessibility. However, their socio-economic and environmental benefits can be hampered by new technological risks emerging from their use. This chapter expl...

With the widespread adoption of powered micromobility devices like e-scooters for transportation in recent times, there have been many associated and potentially unknown risks. While these devices have been beneficial for commuters, managing these technological risks has been a key challenge for governments. This article presents an in-depth case s...

CALL FOR PAPERS Governance strategies and insights to accelerate the production and diffusion of hydrogen and fuel-cell technologies Convenors: Gregory Trencher, Araz Taeihagh, Andrew Chapman, Tohoku University, National University of Singapore, and International Institute for Carbon Neutral Energy As the energy transition to a post-carbon soci...

Questions of fairness, robustness, and transparency are paramount to address before deploying NLP systems. Central to these concerns is the question of reliability: Can NLP systems reliably treat different demographics fairly and function correctly in diverse and noisy environments? To address this, we argue for the need for reliability testing and...

Special Issue on “Governance of Technology in Smart Cities” Deadline for manuscript submissions extended to 30 September 2021. Special Issue Information Dear Colleagues, Over the past decade, amidst the acceleration of competition among cities for businesses and talent, which has resulted in a focus on economics and provision of engineering s...

The past decade has witnessed the emergence of many technologies that have the potential to fundamentally alter our economic, social, and indeed personal lives. The problems they pose are in many ways unprecedented, posing serious challenges for policymakers. How should governments respond to the challenges given that the technologies are still evo...

The Southeast Asian region (SEA) is surrounded by ocean space, from which there is a vast potential to harness energy. Wave, tidal energy, and ocean thermal energy conversion could be tapped, to provide alternative sources of clean and dependable energy in the region. This article contributes to the growing academic literature on ocean renewable en...

Why and how the regulation of emerging technologies occurs is not clear in the literature. In this study, we adapt the multiple streams framework-often used for explaining agenda-setting and policy adoption-to examine the phenomenon. We hypothesize how technological change affects policy-making and identify conditions under which the streams can be...

The dwindling informal care support structure for the older population and the shortage of skilled nursing care staff propelled the rise of robotics and autonomous systems as potential solutions to meet the rising demands in long-term care. However, the nascent development in the governance of their applications could predispose older people to the...

Despite their promise, there have been discussions surrounding the technological risks of autonomous vehicles (AVs) and the extent to which AVs are ready for large-scale deployment. Using a case study approach, this article examines the development and implementation of AVs in Singapore. Our findings reveal that AV regulatory sandboxes, the formali...

Background Conceptual and theoretical links between politics and public health are longstanding. Internationally comparative systematic review evidence has shown links between four key political exposures – the welfare state, political tradition, democracy and globalisation – on population health outcomes. However, the pathways through which these...

Governments are increasingly using cloud computing to reduce cost, increase access, improve quality, and create innovations in healthcare. Existing literature is primarily based on successful examples from developed western countries, and there is a lack of similar evidence from Asia. With a population close to 4.5 billion people, Asia faces health...

In recent years, many sectors have experienced significant progress in automation, associated with the growing advances in artificial intelligence and machine learning. There are already automated robotic weapons, which are able to evaluate and engage with targets on their own, and there are already autonomous vehicles that do not need a human driv...

In recent years, many sectors have experienced significant progress in automation, associated with the growing advances in artificial intelligence and machine learning. There are already automated robotic weapons, which are able to evaluate and engage with targets on their own, and there are already autonomous vehicles that do not need a human driv...

Robotics and autonomous systems have been dubbed as viable technological solutions to address the incessant demand for long-term care (LTC) across the world, which is exacerbated by ageing populations. However, similar to other emerging technologies, the adoption of robotics and autonomous systems in LTC pose risks and unintended consequences. In t...

The concept of risk has received scholarly attention from a variety of angles in the social, technical, and natural sciences. However, public policy scholars have not yet generated a comprehensive overview, shared understanding and conceptual framework of the main problem‐solving approaches applied by governments in coping with risks. In this regar...

To accelerate the electrification of road transport, numerous countries are promoting the diffusion of both Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) and Fuel-Cell Vehicles (FCVs). Both technologies hold unique advantages and disadvantages while also facing common barriers with regard to production and diffusion. Barriers may be classified into four categor...

Global warming and the acute domestic air pollution in China have necessitated transition to a sustainable energy system away from coal-dominated energy production. Through a systematic review of the national policy documents, this study investigates the policy mix adopted by the Chinese government to facilitate its energy transition and how that p...

Supplementary material for "An in-depth analysis of the evolution of the policy mix for the sustainable energy transition in China from 1981 to 2020"

Supplementary material for "An in-depth analysis of the evolution of the policy mix for the sustainable energy transition in China from 1981 to 2020"

Smart cities that make broad use of digital technologies have been touted as possible solutions for the population pressures faced by many cities in developing countries and may help meet the rising demand for services and infrastructure. Nevertheless, the high financial cost involved in infrastructure maintenance, the substantial size of the infor...

Smart cities that make broad use of digital technologies have been touted as possible solutions for the population pressures faced by many cities in developing countries and may help meet the rising demand for services and infrastructure. Nevertheless, the high financial cost involved in infrastructure maintenance, the substantial size of the infor...

Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) are increasingly embraced around the world to advance smart mobility and more broadly, smart, and sustainable cities. Algorithms form the basis of decision-making in AVs, allowing them to perform driving tasks autonomously, efficiently, and more safely than human drivers and offering various economic, social, and environme...

Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) are increasingly embraced around the world to advance smart mobility and more broadly, smart, and sustainable cities. Algorithms form the basis of decision-making in AVs, allowing them to perform driving tasks autonomously, efficiently, and more safely than human drivers and offering various economic, social, and environme...

CALL FOR PAPERS - T02P14 - IT-Mediated Platforms and the Public Sector: Applications of Sharing Economy, Blockchains and Crowdsourcing 4rd International Conference on Public Policy (ICPP4) June 26-28, 2019 – Montreal, Canada Abstract submission deadline: 30 January 2019

CALL FOR PAPERS – ICPP Panel on Governance of AI and the Special Issue on Governance of AI and Robotics T13P04 - Governing Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems http://www.ippapublicpolicy.org/conference/icpp4-montreal-2019/panel-list/10/panel/governing-artificial-intelligence-and-autonomous-systems/860 Many studies have highlighted the...

CALL FOR PAPERS Research Workshop on: (Re) Imagining Policy Tools: New Directions in Theory and Practice Yonsei University Seoul March 15-16, 2019 Convenors: M Ramesh and Araz Taeihagh, National University of Singapore, Michael Howlett, Simon Fraser University, Canada, M. Jae Moon, Yonsei University, Korea The recent proliferation of interest in po...

Smart cities utilise technological and digital solutions to resolve urban issues, to enhance accessibility of services, and increase the quality of life (ASEAN, 2018). In 2018, Singapore leveraged its ASEAN presidency to initiate the ASEAN Smart Cities Network to develop a collaborative forum to improve translation of smart technologies between ASE...

We invite you to submit a paper proposal for the Third Annual Meeting of the Singapore-based Public Policy Network. The deadline has been extended to December 1, 2018. Based on the model of similar successful public policy networks around the world, the PPN based in Singapore provides a venue for faculty at Singapore’s post-secondary institutions i...

Please send proposals (500 words) along with authors’ names, institutional affiliations, and list of relevant publications to Araz Taeihagh at govemergingtech@gmail.com no later than September 30, 2018.

The benefits of autonomous vehicles (AVs) are widely acknowledged, but there are concerns about the extent of these benefits and AV risks and unintended consequences. In this article, we first examine AVs and different categories of the technological risks associated with them. We then explore strategies that can be adopted to address these risks,...

The benefits of autonomous vehicles (AVs) are widely acknowledged, but there are concerns about the extent of these benefits and AV risks and unintended consequences. In this article, we first examine AVs and different categories of the technological risks associated with them. We then explore strategies that can be adopted to address these risks,...

The benefits of autonomous vehicles (AVs) are widely acknowledged, but there are concerns regarding the extent of the benefits they bring as well as their risks and unintended consequences. In this article, we first examine AVs and different categories of the technological risks associated with adoption of fully autonomous vehicles. We then explore...

It-mediated technologies are being rapidly adopted in developing countries. In this paper, we examine crowdsourcing and sharing economy platforms and the factors that influence their adoption in developing countries. While these platforms share commonalities in use of IT and reputation systems, as well as reliance on crowds, and facilitation of the...

Recently we have witnessed the worldwide adoption of many different types of innovative technologies, such as crowdsourcing, ridesharing, open and big data, aiming at delivering public services more efficiently and effectively. Among them, ridesharing has received substantial attention from decision-makers around the world. Because of the multitude...

Recently we have witnessed the worldwide adoption of many different types of innovative technologies, such as crowdsourcing, ridesharing, open and big data, aiming at delivering public services more efficiently and effectively. Among them, ridesharing has received substantial attention from decision-makers around the world. Because of the multitude...

Amidst rapid urban development, sustainable transportation solutions are required to meet the increasing demands for mobility whilst mitigating the potentially negative social, economic, and environmental impacts. This study analyses autonomous vehicles (AVs) as a potential transportation solution for smart and sustainable development. We identifie...

Amidst rapid urban development, sustainable transportation solutions are required to meet the increasing demands for mobility whilst mitigating the potentially negative social, economic, and environmental impacts. This study analyses autonomous vehicles (AVs) as a potential transportation solution for smart and sustainable development. We identifie...

What is the state of the research on crowdsourcing for policy making? This article begins to answer this question by collecting, categorizing, and situating an extensive body of the extant research investigating policy crowdsourcing, within a new framework built on fundamental typologies from each field. We first define seven universal characterist...

Crowdsourcing is rapidly evolving and applied in situations where ideas, labour, opinion or expertise of large groups of people are used. Crowdsourcing is now used in various policy-making initiatives; however, this use has usually focused on open collaboration platforms and specific stages of the policy process, such as agenda-setting and policy e...

Crowdsourcing is rapidly evolving and applied in situations where ideas, labour, opinion or expertise of large groups of people is used. Crowdsourcing is now used in various policy-making initiatives; however, this use has usually focused on open collaboration platforms and specific stages of the policy process, such as agenda-setting and policy ev...

What are the similarities and differences between crowdsourcing and sharing economy? What factors influence their use in developing countries? In light of recent developments in the use of IT-mediated technologies, such as crowdsourcing and the sharing economy, this manuscript examines their similarities and differences, and the challenges regardin...

What are the similarities and differences between crowdsourcing and sharing economy? What factors influence their use in developing countries? In light of recent developments in the use of IT-mediated technologies, such as crowdsourcing and the sharing economy, this manuscript examines their similarities and differences, and the challenges regardin...

Crowdsourcing is rapidly evolving and applied in situations where ideas, labour, opinion or expertise of large groups of people are used. Crowdsourcing is now used in various policy making initiatives; however, this use has usually been focused on open collaboration platforms and specific stages of the policy process such as agenda-setting and poli...