Aras Bozkurt

Anadolu University · Department of Distance Education

Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies have been progressing constantly and being more visible in different aspects of our lives. One recent phenomenon is ChatGPT, a chatbot with a conversational artificial intelligence interface that was developed by OpenAI. As one of the most advanced artificial intelligence applications, ChatGPT has drawn muc...

While ChatGPT has recently become very popular, AI has a long history and philosophy. This paper intends to explore the promises and pitfalls of the Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT) AI and potentially future technologies by adopting a speculative methodology. Speculative future narratives with a specific focus on educational contexts are pr...

Generative AI, specifically ChatGPT, represents a significant technological advancement in natural language processing (NLP) large language models (LLM) with far-reaching implications in many dimensions of our lives, including education. This paper discusses the prospects of generative AI in utilizing language and its potential role as a conversati...

In the rapidly evolving landscape of education, the pivotal axis around which transformation revolves is human-AI interaction. In this sense, this paper adopts a data mining and analytic approach to understand what the related literature tells us regarding the trends and patterns of generative AI research in educational praxis. Accordingly, this sy...

The capabilities of generative AI in education, serving as a co-creator, highlight the crucial role of prompt engineering for optimal interactions between humanity and Large Language Models (LLMs) that utilize Natural Language Processing (NLP). Generative AI's potential lies in responding to well-crafted prompts, making them essential for unleashin...

This manifesto critically examines the unfolding integration of Generative AI (GenAI), chatbots, and algorithms into higher education, using a collective and thoughtful approach to navigate the future of teaching and learning. GenAI, while celebrated for its potential to personalize learning, enhance efficiency, and expand educational accessibility...

This study examined the factorial composition and cultural invariance of the online learning readiness self-check (OLRSC) survey across Turkish (N = 212), Romanian (N = 207), and Polish (N = 235) college students. The results of confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) in individual samples supported the six-dimensional structure of online learning readi...

The development, use, and timely promotion of Open Education (OE) has been effective in addressing myriad educational concerns, including inclusivity, accessibility and learning achievement, among many others. However, limited information exists in the literature concerning how OE could enhance Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI), which is r...

Micro-credentials have emerged as a flexible, skill-based alternative to traditional degrees, meeting the demands of modern education and employment sectors. Using the Four Archetypes Scenario model-continuous growth, collapse, disciplined society, and transformation-this chapter explores their future in higher education. In the continuous growth s...

The report by EADTU's working group on Retention and Student Services addresses concerns over declining enrollments and high dropout rates in open and distance learning universities. It discusses historical and contemporary perspectives on student attrition, emphasising the need for universities to adapt to diverse learner needs. The report aims to...

This publication by EADTU's Task Force on Green Campus explores the efforts of distance and open Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) to foster sustainability through green campus initiatives. The report examines how HEIs are reducing their carbon footprint, enhancing energy efficiency, and encouraging sustainable behaviours in education, research,...

Collaboration or competition? This question is at the centre of this editorial, which explores the importance of sector-wide approaches to research into educational technology. This has become particularly relevant in recent years in response to a range of significant challenges or disruptions the tertiary education sector has had to face, for exam...

Stanford/Elsevier Dünyanın En Etkili Araştırmacıları 2023 Türkiye Listesi

This special issue joins the recent but growing effort to expand understanding of integrating generative AI. While generative AI tools like ChatGPT offer great opportunities for personalized learning, it is important to think critically about what type of learning we are reinforcing through the convenience and customization offered by AI. The relia...

The rapid emergence of Generative Artificial Intelligence (Generative AI) has fundamentally transformed the educational landscape, presenting both profound opportunities and significant challenges. As a powerful and evolving digital creature, generative AI requires a literacy (GenAI literacy) that goes beyond mere basic understanding, requiring a c...

With globalization, international education has become much more accessible to more people around the world. International higher education (IHE) has been among the most studied topics in higher education in recent years. In this context, the present study aims to investigate the studies conducted on IHE through a systematic literature review by an...

Generative AI, much like the Force in Star Wars, wields significant power, capable of immense good or potential harm depending on its application. This editorial indicates the dual nature of generative AI within educational contexts, drawing parallels to the light and dark sides of the Force. Generative AI's proficiency in language manipulation pos...

Open Educational Resources (OER) and Open Educational Practices (OEP) have the potential to transform and positively impact individuals, institutions, and society. As educators, we have a unique responsibility to explore opportunities and possibilities afforded by openness enabled by current technologies to reimagine and reshape current educational...

With the precipitous changes of the platform formerly known as Twitter, brought on by the change of ownership in late 2022, many networked educators sought, and continue to seek, new digital spaces to continue fostering and developing their digital practice. The authors of this article had all been actively networked on Twitter, and wanted to explo...

This paper explores the emerging field of prompt engineering within generative AI, emphasizing its role as a critical intersection between art and science. Prompt engineering is identified as the key to unlocking the full potential of generative AI technologies by optimizing human-AI communication. Through a comprehensive analysis of the related li...

This study explores the transformative potential of Generative AI (GenAI) and ChatBots in educational interaction, communication, and the broader implications of human-GenAI collaboration. By examining the related literature through data mining and analytical methods, the paper identifies three main research themes: the revolutionary role of GenAI-...

The rise of generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) signifies a momentous stride in the evolution of Large Language Models (LLMs) within the expansive sphere of Natural Language Processing (NLP). This groundbreaking advancement ripples through numerous facets of our existence, with education, AI literacy, and curriculum enhancement emerging as foca...

The purpose of this study is to examine the international AI guidelines specific to education through a scoping review and a content analysis approach. To achieve this purpose, nine international AI guideline documents which include the ethics of AI in education were analyzed and, as a result, researchers identified a total of 82 keywords and 12 pr...

This paper investigates the complex interplay between generative artificial intelligence (AI) and human intellect in academic writing and publishing. It examines the 'organic versus synthetic' paradox, emphasizing the implications of using generative AI tools in educational and academic integrity contexts. The paper critiques the prevalent 'publish...

Generative AI can be used in educational processes, but human agency is still a critical issue. • Generative AI can be used to increase human capacity and can be viewed as an extension of humans' computing and cognitive abilities. • While generative AI can use human language skillfully, it is different from how humans' reason and use language in te...

This entry describes the postdigital view of educational technology (EdTech), emphasizing the need to critically examine its assumptions, values, and implications. The postdigital perspective transcends binary thinking and examines the role of EdTech in mediating cognitive, affective, and social processes by recognizing the entangled nature of the...

Although Anadolu University is a dual mode higher education institution, it has been acting as an open university since 1982 and offering quality undergraduate education to millions in Turkiye. In 2023-2024 Fall semester, over a million students registered to its traditional distance education programs. Over four decades many changes and advances h...

By using standardised approaches, systematic reviews of the educational, scientific literature can inform educational research and influence educational policies and practices. However, the various systematic reviews of the scientific literature in the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and education all adopt individual approaches, making it ch...

This review paper explores the relationship between migration and issues of social justice, inequalities, and access to education which have been exacerbated recently with the emergence of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and have taken on a new dimension with the digitalization of education specifically for refugees among other immigrants. It a...

Openness in education has received significant attention in recent years. To comprehend this concept in education ecosystems thoroughly, a longitudinal study is crucial, offering a comprehensive perspective of its evolution. The study utilizes bibliometric techniques, social network analysis, and text mining to investigate openness from its origin...

While several studies have investigated the various effects of open educational resources (OER) and open educational practices (OEP), few have focused on its connection to learning achievement. The related scientific literature is divided about the effects of OER and OEP with regards to their contribution to learning achievement. To address this te...

Online surveys are widely used in social science research as well as in empirical studies of open, online, and distance education. However, students' responses are likely to be at odds with their actual behavior. In this context, we examined the discrepancies between self-reported use and actual use (i.e., learning analytics data) among 20,646 stud...

This study explored the dominant discourses on online distance education (ODE) that emerged in South Korean society before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic. The authors conducted a topic modeling analysis of 8,865 news articles published by 24 South Korean media outlets between 2019 and 2021. Using the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) algo...

Academia is full of people who have a lot to say but write very little, and people who have little to say but write a lot; the best amongst us are those who achieve the most appropriate balance between the two. Petar Jandrić Creative academic writing is a process and every final product is a scholarly art. This chapter consists of two sections. The...

Literature reviews are considered a core research approach in developing new theories and identifying trends and gaps in a given research topic. However, the transparency level of literature reviews might hinder the quality of the obtained findings, thus limiting their implications. As transparency is one of the core elements when implementing Arti...

This paper critically examines the transformation of the educational landscape through the integration of generative AI with Open Educational Resources (OER) and Open Educational Practices (OEP). The emergence of AI in content creation has ignited debate regarding its potential to comprehend and generate human language, creating content that is oft...

Why is Openness in Education important, and why is it critically needed at this moment? As manifested in our guiding question, the significance of Openness in Education and its immediate necessity form the heart of this collaborative editorial piece. This rather straightforward, yet nuanced query has sparked this collective endeavour by using indiv...

Artificial intelligences (AI) are progressively evolving multidisciplinary technologies that cannot be easily defined. In simplest terms, AI imitate human cognition and make decisions like a human. The conceptual roots of AI have a long history, yet it was the invention of computers that led to tangible, working examples of AI technologies. AI offe...

Kelimeler bir araya geldiğinde anlam kazanırlar ve hikâyeler bu anlamları bir bağlam içerisinde aktarmak için en etkili araçlardandır. Tarih boyunca edindiğimiz bilgileri ve tecrübeleri bir nesilden başka bir nesile aktarmak için kullanılandığımız hikâyeler, duygularımızı ve neler hissettiğimizi anlatmak için de sıklıkla kullanılır. Hikâyeler çoğu...

Üretken yapay zeka, eğitim de dahil olmak üzere hayatımızın birçok alanı için kapsamlı etkileri olan önemli bir teknolojik ilerlemeyi temsil etmektedir. Bu makale, üretken yapay zekanın eğitim alanındaki yansımalarını ve potansiyel rolünü incelemektedir. Çalışma, yapay zeka teknolojilerinin tarihsel gelişimini tartışmakta ve güncel tanımlarını açık...

The research on student dropout demonstrates that there is no consensus on its definition and scope. Although there is an expanding collection of research on the topic, student dropout remains a significant issue, characterized by numerous uncertainties and ambiguous aspects. The primary aim of this investigation is to assess the research trends of...

The concept of openness is a driving force in the larger educational landscape, and the journal Open Praxis pays special attention to it. This editorial examines past publications by benefiting from data mining and analytics approaches to better understand what has been explored thus far to shape a better future and identify a vision that contribut...

Rhizomatic learning doesn't always align with formal higher education structures and processes because of its heavy emphasis on non-linear and community-based approach. In this chapter, we discuss this tension based on our experiences using rhizomatic learning in formal higher education and identify points for pedagogical praxis. We first provide a...

This paper reports the global initiatives that advocate and promote open educational resources (OER) and focuses on the main benefits of OER for our global society. Comparing and integrating diverse publications and studies, 40 main benefits of OER can be identified in total, clustered in six categories, namely: character, financial, design, learne...

Generative AI is here to stay, and we need to explore the potential role of these technologies in distance education and online learning, considering both the benefits and challenges. With many potentials such as customized learning experiences, intelligent tutoring, automated grading, content creation, and personalized career advice, there are als...

Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies are used in many dimensions of our lives, including education. Motivated by the increasing use of AI technologies and the current state of the art, this study examines research on AI from the perspective of online distance education. Following a systematic review protocol and using data mining and analytics...

This chapter analyses the different typologies of online courses. First, we start with a reflection about the key terms of online learning, online courses, and distributed learning ecosystems (DLE). In our literature review, we cannot identify any existing typology framework for online courses. Consequently, we analyse and compare dimensions and ca...

Openness in education, a concept that includes many universal values and philosophical roots, assumes the objective that learners should be at the centre of the learning process. In recent years, the concept has emerged as a major topic of interest due to the expansion of its scope and the opportunities it offers. In this book chapter, the impact t...

Artificial intelligence (AI) generally refers to the science of creating machine based algorithmic models that carry out tasks inspired by human intelligence, such as speech-image recognition, learning, analyzing, decision making, problem solving, and planning. It has a profound impact on how we evaluate the world, technology, morality, and ethics...

Undoubtedly, the entire globe is in the middle of a transition process owing to the forced impact of the COVID-19 pandemic that has urged us to change radically and critically. Motivated by the need to understand ongoing changes, this editorial intends to surface crucial issues that can possibly impact and shape the educational landscape and its fu...

With the development of educational technologies, electronic books (e-books) have been improved and adapted to cater to new teaching models, as well as to overcome several challenges reported by printed book portability. The literature about the benefits of e-books in education is still fragmented as several studies have reported distinct disadvant...

In terms of scale, shock, and disenfranchisement, the disruption to formal education arising from COVID-19 has been unprecedented. Anecdotally, responses from teachers and educators around the world range from heightened caution to being inspired by distance education as the "new normal." Of all the challenges, face-to-face and formal teaching have...

In terms of scale, shock, and disenfranchisement, the disruption to formal education arising from COVID-19 has been unprecedented. Anecdotally, responses from teachers and educators around the world range from heightened caution to being inspired by distance education as the "new normal." Of all the challenges, face-to-face and formal teaching have...

In terms of scale, shock, and disenfranchisement, the disruption to formal education arising from COVID-19 has been unprecedented. Anecdotally, responses from teachers and educators around the world range from heightened caution to being inspired by distance education as the "new normal." Of all the challenges, face-to-face and formal teaching have...

The terms instructional design and learning design have been widely used to describe a discipline concerned with improving the process of teaching and learning. However, though both terms are interchangeably used and share a common vision, both terms are used to encompass different aspects of the learning and teaching. In order to better understand...

A micro-credential is the record of the learning outcomes that a learner has acquired following a small volume of learning, which is assessed against transparent and clearly defined criteria (European Commission, 2022). While there is no global consensus on the definition of a micro-credential, the above definition adopted by all EU Member States g...

The Covid-19 pandemic was a crisis on a global scale, and it impacted not only our lives but also our understanding of the educational landscape. There were many waves of the pandemic at varying levels and as these waves hit our globe, the way we live and see the world has been changing. Consequently, we entered a time which was called the new norm...

This paper aims to identify dominant discourses of distance education that emerged in Korean society before, during, and after the COVID-19 outbreak in January 2019. To achieve the aim, the authors have conducted a Topic Modeling analysis of 8,865 news articles published by 54 South Korean media outlets between 2019 and 2021. As a result, five key...

This paper reports on a systematic review of artificial intelligence applications in education (AIEd) with a special focus on automated essay scoring (AES) systems. AES systems may provide enormous time-savings, especially for large-scale distance teaching institutions with massive numbers of students, by reducing marking and freeing up teachers’ r...

This chapter introduces openness in education and open educational resources (OER) in Turkey. To better understand and conceptualize the Turkish case, there is a need to briefly introduce Turkish HE and how openness is perceived by Turkish Society. By 2021, the total population of Turkey is around 85 million and approximately 10% of its population...

The Center for Open Education Research (COER) is an international research consortium, that was established in 2018 in order to increase international collaborative research projects, furthering innovation and understanding in open education, educational technology, lifelong learning, and international education. This book provides a cross-country...

Open Educational Resources (OER) in higher education cannot be put into practice without considering institutional contexts, which differ not only globally but also within the same country. Each institutional context provides educators with opportunities or limitations where Open Educational Practices (OEP) and OER for teaching and learning are inv...

The blending learning model, a combination of onsite and online learning modalities formulated by relevant pedagogies, modalities, and technologies, offers learning experiences that involve the different factors shaping each modality, such as time, space, path, and pace, through sequential or parallel designs. In its relatively short history, this...

Bu bölümde Sorgulama Topluluğu Kuramı bileşenleriyle birlikte açıklanarak alanyazındaki ilgili makalelerin analizi yapılmıştır. Sorgulama Topluluğu Kuramı, çevrimiçi öğrenme ortamlarında, öğrenenlerin birbirleriyle etkileşim kurarak işbirlikli etkinlikler gerçekleştirmelerini amaçlamaktadır. Kuram, sosyal bulunuşluk, bilişsel bulunuşluk ve öğretims...

The Metaverse has been the centre of attraction for educationists for quite some time. This field got renewed interest with the announcement of social media giant Facebook as it rebranding and positioning it as Meta. While several studies conducted literature reviews to summarize the findings related to the Metaverse in general, no study to the bes...

The rapid and unexpected onset of the COVID-19 global pandemic has generated a great degree of uncertainty about the future of education and has required teachers and students alike to adapt to a new normal to survive in the new educational ecology. Through this experience of the new educational ecology, educators have learned many lessons, includi...

Technology acceptance is essential for technology success. However, individual users are known to differ in their tendency to adopt and interact with new technologies. Among the individual differences, personality has been shown to be a predictor of users’ beliefs about technology acceptance. Gamification, on the other hand, has been shown to be a...

This chapter sets out to explore the research field of open, distance, and digital education (ODDE) building upon the 3 M-Framework developed in the context of distance education along three broad lines of research: ODDE systems and theories (global macro-level); management, organization, and technology (institutional meso-level); and teaching and...

zet: Teknoloji, insanlık tarihinde gelişimin ve dönüşümün önemli belirleyicilerinden biri olmuştur. Bu gelişim ve dönüşüm sürecinde teknoloji, eğitime yönelik pek çok anlayışı ve uygulamayı da etkilemiştir. Uzaktan eğitim anlamlı öğrenme deneyimlerinin gerçekleşmesi ve alanın doğasında varsayılan olarak yer alan farklı uzaklık türlerini azaltmak; ö...

The idea for a dedicated Task Force on Diversity and Inclusion (TFD-I) emerged from the EADTU General Assembly meeting of October 2020 in which some member universities indicated to have this topic is a priority in their new strategies and policymaking. Diversity and Inclusion generate great attention and even more so for EADTU members as they hav...

Bu çalışmada Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları’nın (SKA) 4. olan eğitimde sürdürülebilirliği sağlamak amacına Açık ve Uzaktan Öğrenme (AUÖ) uygulamalarının eğitimde eşitlik, adalet, hakkaniyet ve demokrasi gibi temel değerler bağlamında nasıl desteklediği tartışılmıştır. Eğitimde açıklık felsefesinin ekosistem düşüncesini nasıl beslediği ele alınmış...

Open, distance, and digital education (ODDE) is meant to provide unique educational opportunities for everyone, including learners with special needs. While promising flexible and accessible learning experiences for learners with special needs, ODDE may simultaneously result in the creation of certain barriers. Supporting learners with special need...

The technology used by Open, Distance, and Digital Education (ODDE) to deliver educational content includes social media (SM), which provides many opportunities to support learning in ODDE processes. This book chapter explains the use of SM in educational processes and the use of SM as a web-based educational technology, focusing specifically on th...

There are a multitude of terminologies in the field of learning and training to refer to how we design and approach learning experiences–two of them being instructional design and learning design. Online searches and forum discussions among practitioners and researchers reveal the confusion surrounding the use of these terms. Both terms have someti...

This paper explores faculty’s perspectives and use of open educational resources (OER) and their repositories across diferent countries by conducting a multiple case study to fnd similarities and diferences between academics’ awareness, perceptions and use of OER, as well as examining related aspects of institutional policy and quality that may inf...

For many people, digital transformation offers a great opportunity to keep pace with the requirements of the current age, while for others, it is all hype and needs to be approached with caution. However, be it opportunity or hype, digital transformation impacts every part of our human life, where we especially see and experience it in numerous are...

Teknolojik gelişmelerle hızla değişim yaşayan bilgi ekolojisi ve öğrenme süreçleri toplumun ihtiyaçlarına ve beklentilerine cevap verebilecek yenilikleri benimsemektedir. Bu yeniliklerden biri olan mikro-krediler (micro-credentials) yüksek öğretim süresince ve sonrası çalışma hayatı için dönüştürücü bir potansiyel olan bir yenilik olarak kabul edil...

The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has been a global crisis, affecting many areas of society, including higher education, which has not been immune to its effects. This study, therefore, examines COVID-19 from the perspective of higher education, applying data mining and analytics approaches, i.e., t-SNE analysis, text-mining, and social network a...

This paper presents and analyses solutions where open education and open science were utilised to reduce the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education. The COVID-19 outbreak and associated lockdowns created huge challenges in school and higher education, demanding sudden responses which aimed to sustain pedagogical quality. Responses have varied...

The purpose of this research is to examine the research that has been done on MOOCs by applying data mining and analytic approaches and to depict the current state of MOOC research. The text mining revealed four broad themes: (I) MOOCs as a mainstreaming learning model in HE, (II) motivation and engagement issues in MOOCs, (III) assessment issues i...

Bu bölümde Sorgulama Topluluğu Kuramı bileşenleriyle birlikte açıklanarak alanyazındaki ilgili makalelerin analizi yapılmıştır. Sorgulama Topluluğu Kuramı, çevrimiçi öğrenme ortamlarında, öğrenenlerin birbirleriyle etkileşim kurarak işbirlikli etkinlikler gerçekleştirmelerini amaçlamaktadır. Kuram, sosyal bulunuşluk, bilişsel bulunuşluk ve öğretims...

Humans have always been lured by the idea that they can use data to understand a phenomenon and make predictions about it. Learning analytics, in this sense, promise to understand and optimize learning and the environments in which it occurs by collecting data from learners and learning contexts. In this regard, this study systematically examines r...

The discipline of distance education is evolving and becoming mainstream, and this view requires examining research tendencies in the field. Motivated by this justification, it can be argued that understanding distance education to the fullest extent is possible partially through examining changes in theory and practice, as research conducted in th...

🔴 A Global Study of Macro, Meso and Micro aspects of Open Education due to COVID-19 #oercampglobal #oercamp Friday, 2021 December 10 • 11:30am - 12:30pm Un estudio global de los aspectos macro, meso y micro de la educación abierta debido a COVID-19 #oercampglobal #oercamp Um estudo global dos aspectos macro, meso e micro da educação aberta devido...

Presentation at OER Camp Global 2021. A Global Study of Macro, Meso and Micro aspects of Open Education due to COVID-19: Christian M Stracke & Ramesh Sharma & Ebba Ossiannilsson. 由于 COVID-19 对开放教育宏观、中观和微观方面的全球研究

Gamification, which is defined as the use of game design elements in non-game contexts, is put forward as a solution to low motivation and is suggested for the creation of a sustainable learning ecology in open and distance learning (ODL). The overall purpose of the present study was to examine the distribution of the Hexad gamification user types...

Blended learning, which has emerged as a mainstream approach for bridging onsite and online learning, promises flexibility to stakeholders in the educational process. This paper argues that blended learning can be understood as a process that combines onsite and online learning by blending the strengths of one modality and neutralizing the weakness...

The term instructional design has been widely used to depict a discipline concerned with improving the process of instruction, but as different approaches and technologies emerged over time, different terms entered the field under the umbrella term learning design. In order to better understand the evolution of these terms and emerging themes, a tr...

While causing unprecedented disruption worldwide, COVID-19 has also stimulated the mainstreaming of digital technologies in the delivery of formal education. For most key stakeholders-organisations, educators, and students-this has been a new and challenging experience and has been described in policy terms as 'emergency remote education'. For many...

The provision of online learning experiences has been implemented by many universities worldwide to overcome several challenges, including inequality in education. However, this experience is still not a common approach in public universities in the Arab region. Furthermore, several research studies have pointed out that a country's culture should...

Projede ulusal bir dijital öğrenme içerik ekosisteminin gereksinimleri ve bu sistemde yer alması gereken bileşenlerin yapısal özelliklerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Projede, dijital içerik ekosisteminde yer alması gereken bileşenler üç grupta toplanmıştır. Öncelikli olarak, makro düzeyde; hazırbulunuşluk, strateji belirleme, kalite standartları...

The term instructional design has been widely used to depict a discipline concerned with improving the process of instruction, but as different approaches and technologies emerged over time, different terms entered the field under the umbrella term learning design. In order to better understand the evolution of these terms and emerging themes, a tr...