
Anupama HegdeKasturba Medical College Mangalore MAHE Manipal
Anupama Hegde
MBBS, MD
About
74
Publications
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Introduction
Anupama Hegde currently works at the Department of Biochemistry, Manipal University. Anupama does research in Diabetology and Internal Medicine (General Medicine). Their current project is 'Auto immunity in subclinical hypothyroidism & its relation to risk of cardiovascular disease'.
Skills and Expertise
Publications
Publications (74)
Background
Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is proposed as a risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD), while dyslipidemia is a well-established risk factor. HHcy can arise from deficiencies in Vitamin B12 (Vit B), Vitamin B6, and folic acid (FA), as well as from kidney diseases or genetic factors. This study aims to evaluate homocysteine (Hcy) leve...
Allium cepa Linn (Onion) is a widely used organosulfur dietary compound having profound medicinal benefits. Eighteen Albino Wistar rats weighing 150-200g were divided into three different groups (n=6; n= number of animals in each group). Normal Control (Group I) was administered with 1 ml distilled water. Group II rats were treated with red onion e...
Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is one of the factors contributing to the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease (CAD). Besides nutritional deficiency disorders, genetic polymorphism predominantly related to point mutation in the gene coding for Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), a key enzyme in the metabolism methionine–homocysteine (Hcy) h...
Introduction and Aim: Diabetes mellitus is associated with various endocrine derangements and prediabetes is an intermediate condition between health and full-fledged disease state. Hormones of Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Thyroid (HPT), Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA), Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Gonadal (HPG) axes and pineal gland were studied in males...
Background
Changes in thyroid function are common in geriatric population. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) concentration increases in healthy elderly individual, whereas total and free thyroxine (FT4) concentrations remain unchanged presenting like subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH). Thyroid hormones influence the normal functioning of heart and va...
Purpose
The aim is to evaluate the aldose reductase (AR) and glutathione (GSH) activity in the nucleus of senile cataract in type 2 diabetes and non-diabetic group of patients.
Methods
A total of 62 patients including 31 diabetics and 31 non- diabetics who were undergoing cataract surgery were included. Nucleus extracted was sent for analysis of A...
Packaging material refers to anything that is designed to come into touch with food or could do so, including bottles, cartons, cases, bags, cans, and boxes. This includes wrapping and covering materials like paper, wax paper, foil, film, or cloth. The primary goal of packaging is to shield food products from outside elements while they are being t...
Introduction and Aim: Homocysteine (Hcy) is considered as an independent risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD). Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) may be caused due to the deficiency of vitamin B12, folic acid (FA), and pyridoxine (B6) or due to genetic polymorphism in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR). A pilot study was undertaken to in...
Objectives
This study was developed to assess the relationship between physical activity, sleep and circadian rhythm using accelerometer and urine melatonin levels in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC). Also, this study evaluated the changes in physical activity, sleep, and circadian rhythm during the seven‐week course of chemoradiotherapy....
Background: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a global health problem with rising incidence. Serum Creatinine (SCr) is insensitive to moderate reductions in Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR). Low molecular weight proteins like Beta2-Microglobulin (BMG) are cleared by the plasma through glomerular filtration. Hence serum concentrations increase progres...
Background: Insulin resistance (IR) is the major underlying mechanism responsible for metabolic syndrome and HOMA-IR2 is a validated marker of IR. Fasting lipid profile, including triglyceride (TG) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol routinely feature in the outpatient investigation list. Utility of TG/HDL ratio as a surrogate marker for...
Natural products are gaining much importance in light of the serious side effects posed by drugs of chemical origin. High intake of foods rich in antioxidants reduces the risk of neurodegenerative disorders. Traditionally, Allium sativum L.(garlic) and Allium cepa. L (onion) has received considerable attention for their therapeutic benefits around...
Introduction and Aim: The confirmatory step in diagnosis of monoclonal gammopathies is bone marrow biopsy and presence of M-protein in serum protein electrophoresis. These tests are relatively expensive & invasive for screening and unavailable in low resource settings. Increased levels of serum globulin are clue to the diagnosis of monoclonal gammo...
Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) provides an average blood glucose concentration over the erythrocyte lifespan. It is a biochemical marker for the management of diabetes mel-litus. It helps to monitor long-term glycemic control and assess the risk of developing complications. Of late, its importance in diagnosis is also established and treatment goals h...
Background: Prostate cancer (CaP) has a varied occurrence across the globe. Serum Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) level is influenced by various factors which include race and ethnicity, environmental factors, lifestyle, metabolic changes, physiologic changes and advancing age. Data is scarce regarding reference range for Indian population. Aim and...
Introduction: Diabetic retinopathy is a late stage complication in diabetic patients and one which dramatically affects quality of life. Persistent hyperglycemia results in sorbitol accumulation due to increased activity of aldose reductase (AR), which leads to changes in membrane permeability and leakage of glutathione (GSH) from the lens which in...
Introduction: Prediabetes is associated with dysglycemia, endothelial dysfunction, obesity and inflammation, placing them at an increased risk of cardiovascular events. Aims: The present study aimed to investigate the risk of cardiovascular disease associated with prediabetes by estimation of serum interleukin-6, myeloperoxidase and urine microalbu...
Objective: The objective of the study was to correlate prolactin (PRL) levels with different levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Methods: The study included 221 non-pregnant females of the age group of 16-43 years. TSH and PRL were assayed. Subjects were divided into three groups based on TSH levels, namely, low, normal, and high TSH level...
Vitamin B12 is a vital micronutrient involved in the hemopoetic, neurologic and cardio-metabolic function. Various factors are responsible for B12 deficiency, which can lead to anemia and irreversible neurological manifestations. The proportion of deficiency is not well known and hence studied in the hospital setup. The associated factors of B12 de...
Vitamin B12 is a vital micronutrient involved in the hemopoetic, neurologic and cardio-metabolic function. Various factors are responsible for B12 deficiency, which can lead to anemia and irreversible neurological manifestations. The proportion of deficiency is not well known and hence studied in the hospital setup. The associated factors of B12 de...
Prediabetes is associated with the features of metabolic syndrome and inflammation contributing directly to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study was conducted to explore the utility of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in determining the risk of CVD in prediabetes. It involves estimation of IL-6 & insulin along with its correlation with...
Prediabetes is associated with the features of metabolic syndrome and inflammation contributing directly to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study was conducted to explore the utility of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in determining the risk of CVD in prediabetes. It involves estimation of IL-6 & insulin along with its correlation with...
Haemoglobinopathies are the commonest haemolytic disorders, prevalent in India and form a major bulk of patients in most of the haematology outpatient clinics. β-thalassaemia is the commonest inherited haemolytic anaemia and presence of β-Thalassaemia Trait (BTT) goes mostly undetected due to its asymptomatic clinical course. However, BTT should be...
Hashimoto's thyroiditis, the commonest cause of hypothyroidism has been proposed as a risk factor for atherosclerosis independent of thyroid function. The aim of this study was to investigate whether Hashimoto's thyroiditis validated by their anti-TPO positivity have any effect on hyperlipidemia, Hemoglobin, Vitamin D independent of thyroid functio...
Gaucher Disease is an autosomal recessive disease caused by the accumulation of glucocerebrosidase due to deficiency in
lysosomal glucocerebrosidase. Thalassaemia trait is asymptomatic and is usually an incidental diagnosis. Both thalassaemia
and Gaucher disease can have similar haematologic manifestations and hence, their coexistence causes diagno...
Protein-energy malnutrition is the most widespread nutritional deficiency disorder in India, commonly occurring in children aged 6 months-2 years,as per the National Family Health Survey, 2007. The dermatologic manifestations are more florid and characteristic in kwashiorkor than in marasmus.Here, we present a case of a 1½ years old male, with exte...
Objective: The postprandial metabolic derangements are accentuated in type-2 diabetes and are important risk factors for cardiovascular disease since they induce oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction. Aim of the study was to analyse meal induced oxidative stress levels in controlled and poorly controlled diabetes.Methods: Total 60 type 2 dia...
Aim Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) with TSH less than (10µIU/ml) is a common finding discovered during routine thyroid function testing. Thyroxine substitution and its benefits to alleviate dyslipidemia and oxidative stress (OS) markers at this stage are a matter of debate.Material and Methods This study aimed to investigate the influence of thyr...
Introduction:
Vitamin D (Vit D) modulates a variety of processes and regulatory systems including host defense, inflammation, immunity, and repair. Vit D Deficiency (VDD) is been implicated as a cause in diabetes, immune dysfunction and Tuberculosis (TB). Impaired metabolism of Vit D and an adverse outcome is associated with Pulmonary Tuberculosis...
Despite various studies with conflicting results, the effect of thyroid hormones on lipids and insulin levels in dysthyroidism is of great interest. This case control study was aimed to perceive the existence of IR and dyslipidemia in mild subclinical hypothyroid subjects (TSH ≤ 9.9 µIU/ml) as compared to their age and gender matched euthyroid cont...
A growing understanding of antioxidant mechanisms and insulin-like actions of trace elements selenium and zinc has rekindled researchers’ interest towards their role in diabetes mellitus, nutritional management of which concentrates predominantly on macronutrient intake. However, selenium studies limiting largely to diabetes have yielded inconsiste...
Background: Among the many micronutrients, iron has a significant role in the pathogenesis of tuberculosis. The contribution of iron status to the underlying anemia of chronic disease and its effects on the outcome is difficult to assess. Objective of the study: To evaluate the effects of the iron status on pulmonary tuberculosis in response to dir...
Impaired fasting glucose (IFG) is a high risk subclinical condition for the progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus and the hyperglycemia seen in this condition is because of the development of insulin resistance (IR). Obesity, inflammation, oxidative stress and many other factors have been implicated in development of IR in type 2 diabetes mellitu...
Aim:
This study aimed at evaluation of ischemia-modified albumin (IMA), malondialdehyde (MDA), and advanced oxidative protein products (AOPP) as markers of vascular injury in diabetic nephropathy (DN) with derivation of cutoff values for the same.
Materials and methods:
Study population comprised 60 diabetes patients and 30 controls, with diabet...
Introduction: Alteration in the glucose homeostasis is still
the major cause of morbidity and mortality in the newborns.
Intrauterine undernutrition plays an important role in causing
adult insulin resistance and diabetes but the exact cause is still
unknown.
Aim: To estimate the plasma glucose, serum insulin and cortisol
levels at birth in newborn...
Objective
According to the thrifty phenotype hypothesis, intrauterine malnutrition has a role in the etiology of type 2 diabetes. This study was planned to determine the early alterations in indices of glucose homeostasis (glucose, insulin, and cortisol) in term and preterm newborns and the correlations of glucose, insulin, and cortisol levels with...
Background and aim:
Prediabetes is associated with dysglycemia, obesity, inflammation and endothelial dysfunction, contributing towards the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases rendering them vulnerable for the same. The current study intended to explore the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) related with prediabetes by assessing oxidative st...
The cause of more insulin resistance in female than males are still unknown. To know the cause from early life, normal values of relevant parameters are required. So, aim of this study was to determine the reference levels of glucose and insulin in cord blood of term newborns and to examine their effects on gender, placental and birth weight of ter...
Introduction: CA 125 (Cancer/Carbohydrate antigen 125) is a surface antigen expressed mostly by the ovarian cancer cells. Hence, it is widely used as a tumour marker for detection and monitoring the progression of such cancers. CA 125 is also expressed by cells of different tissues such as pleura, pericardium, Mullerian epithelium, peritoneum etc....
Objective: Study was designed to assess the P.marsupium heartwood aqueous extract effect on diabetes induced cognitive impairment. Methods: Diabetes mellitus was induced by Streptozotocin (STZ) & Nicotinamide (NA) intraperitoneal route injection. Animals were divided into 7 groups for comparing the activity of P.marsupium at two doses 250 mg/kg & 5...
T. terrestris commonly known as Gokshura, Gokharu or Puncture vine belongs to the family Zygophyllaceae, widely distributed throughout India and traditionally it is used for treatment of many infectious diseases. Present study was designed to evaluate the effect of T. terrestris dry fruit extract in diabetes induced cognitive dysfunction. Diabetes...
Haemoglobin H disease, also known as the alpha-thalassaemia is characterized by the presence of HbH inclusions in red blood
cells, detectable on supra-vital stain. We present a case of a previously asymptomatic 31-year-old male, who insidiously developed
anaemia and had prominent splenomegaly. Peripheral smear examination revealed microcytic hypoch...
To assess the role of microalbuminuria in pre-eclampsia (PE) as a diagnostic marker, we studied 40 PE cases and 40 normotensive controls at 24 ± 4 weeks of gestation in women 20-35 years of age. The patients with PE had significant microalbuminuria in comparison with the controls, in addition to deranged renal function tests. The receiver operating...
Background: The concept of insulin resistance initially proposed in diabetic patients requiring high doses of insulin is now known to be associated with major public health problems, including obesity, hypertension, coronary artery disease, and metabolic syndrome. Serum uric acid (SUA) values are also elevated in the above conditions and proposed t...
The over production of free radicals is involved in triggering many diseases such as diabetes, cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, cirrhosis and arteriosclerosis. Antioxidants derived from plant sources offer resistance against the oxidative stress by way of their free radicals scavenging & lipid peroxidation inhibitory actions. Present study was designe...
Overt hypothyroidism is associated with abnormalities of lipid metabolism, which may predispose to the development of atherosclerotic coronary artery disease. Therefore the aim of the study was to assess proathero-genic lipid levels in 30-45 years aged women with newly diagnosed hypothyroidism and compare the same witheuthyroid control. The serum L...
Introduction: A long standing association exists between elevated serum LDL and cardiovascular disease. Studies have suggested that, increased LDL in serum is the major contributor to vascular complications of other diseases like diabetes mellitus, its measurement is recommended in routine clinical practice. Currently, estimation of LDL cholesterol...
Background:
Suppressive doses of levothyroxine therapy are reported to reduce bone mineral density (BMD) in women. Data on bone changes in premenopausal hypothyroid women with replacement therapy are limited. Hence, this study was undertaken to evaluate bone changes in this group using bone markers and BMD.
Materials and methods:
A hospital-base...
Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is characterized by hypertriglyceridemia and abnormal lipoprotein composition. Since LDL is a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular complications in diabetes, its measurement is recommended in routine clinical practice. Objective of the study is to assess the accuracy of serum LDL concentration estimation by Frie...
Aim: To investigate relationship between serum TSH and lipid parameters in subjects with different levels of TSH. Methodology: 348 subjects were screened of which 194 were selected. Lipid parameters, TSH, T 3 , T 4 and glycemic status were determined. Association between TSH and serum lipids were studied by categorizing subjects into three groups b...
This case illustrates that serum ferritin level is markedly elevated in patients with autoimmune haemolytic anaemia. A 48 year old male with a history of spleenectomy done 16 years back, presented with complaints of fever, cough with expectoration and pain abdomen. Laboratory investigation demonstrated highly elevated level of serum ferritin of 101...
Introduction:
Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) reflects patient's glycemic status over the previous 3 months. Previous studies have reported that iron deficiency may elevate A1C concentrations, independent of glycemia. This study is aimed to analyze the effect of iron deficiency anemia on HbA1c levels in diabetic population having plasma glucose levels in c...
This case illustrates that D-dimer is elevated in patients with acute myeloid leukemia. A 21-year old lady presented with complaints of menorrhea and fever associated with swelling and bleeding from her gums. Routine laboratory investigations demonstrated an elevated D-dimer of 11.3mg/L. A diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia was made. Peripheral sm...
Levothyroxine (LT4) therapy has shown to have effects on bone metabolism though its deleterious effect on bone remodeling is debatable. This study was aimed at assessing the diagnostic utility of the bone remodeling marker C-terminal telopeptide (CTx) in detecting early bone loss.
In this case-control study, 84 premenopausal women of 30-45 years of...
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a common autoimmune disease with the prevalence of 3.2 per 100000 in India. The reported association of SLE and thyroid disorders varies as much as 3.9 – 24 %. Here we present a 22 year old female with complaints of breathlessness, fatigue, myalgia, fever and decreased urine output since 2 days, who was brought...
Introduction: Diabetes is a common metabolic disorder often associated with dyslipidemia. There is altered response in postprandial lipoprotein metabolism which is found to be associated with cardiovascular disease. Aim: Hence fasting and post meal lipids were analysed in controlled and poorly controlled diabetes mellitus. Materials and methods: To...
Aim:
Studies have shown elevated HbA1C in non-diabetic hypothyroid patients. Hypothyroid patients often show anaemia as an associated feature which is an another condition showing falsely elevated A1C. Hence this study is aimed to investigate whether elevated A1C in hypothyroidism can be attributed to anaemia.
Material and methods:
HbA1C levels...
Vitamin D deficiency has been implicated in various diseases including cancer and auto immune diseases. The present study attempts to establish a relation between vitamin D deficiency, thyroid hormones and TSH in subclinical hypothyroidism.100 newly diagnosed patients with subclinical hypothyroidism were divided into three groups according to vitam...
Introduction: Human serum PON1 is an antioxidant enzyme associated with HDL-type complexes where it plays a key role in neutralizing oxidized lipids. It also protects the HDL particle from oxidation and preserves its integrity. Its levels have been reported to alter in a variety of diseases involving oxidative stress including smoking. Aim: The ass...
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH) is a known but rare complication of central nervous system involvement of tuberculosis. This is a case report of seven year old male child who presented with altered sensorium for one day and was admitted in paediatric ICU. Laboratory investigations revealed CSF positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis...
Introduction: A positive family history of diabetes increases the chances of developing the disease manifold. The earliest diagnostic marker for diabetes is elevated plasma glucose levels. Glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) gives information on the long term control of diabetes, while the estimation of fructosamine (FA) depicts the short term glycaem...
Introduction: A positive family history of diabetes increases the chances of developing the disease manifold. The earliest diagnostic marker for diabetes is elevated plasma glucose levels. Glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) gives information on the long term control of diabetes, while the estimation of fructosamine (FA) depicts the short term glycaem...
Neuroleptic drugs used in the treatment of schizophrenia and other affective disorders are known to produce extra pyramidal side effects. Catalepsy induced by these drugs in animals has been used as a model for the extra pyramidal side effects associated with antipsychotic agents in human beings. In the present study, we have attempted to evaluate...
Monitoring people with diabetes by repeatedly estimating blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin levels is invasive which becomes appalling and expensive over time. Potential of saliva as a diagnostic tool could be exploited in this regard. 26 diabetes patients were com-pared with 21 age matched non-diabetic healthy controls for Fasting plasma gl...
Background: Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) has proved to be a good indicator of long term glycaemic control and reflects the mean glucose value (MGV). A linear relationship with HbA1c, microalbuminuria and the incidence of diabetic nephropathy is known to exist. Aim: To analyze the prescribing patterns of clinicians, the correlation of the plasma glu...
Background: There is no scientific evidence to support the beneficial effects of noni fruit juice which is claimed as a "natural health enhancer" and is consumed extensively. Aim: To evaluate the beneficial effects of noni fruit juice on glycaemic control, lipid profile and antioxidant activity and its safety in diabetic patients. Settings and Desi...
Background: There is no scientific evidence to support the beneficial effects of noni
Phyllanthus niruri extract is extensively used in treating liver ailments. Effects of aqueous extract of P. niruri on liver, kidney and testes of CCl4 induced hepatotoxic rats were studied. High levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) were observed in the CCl4 test group with significant reduction of MDA levels in all groups on P. niruri extract administra...