Antti Kilpeläinen

Antti Kilpeläinen
University of Eastern Finland | UEF · School of Forest Sciences

Doctor of Science (Forestry)
Climate-smart management and use of forests

About

96
Publications
22,219
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2,345
Citations
Additional affiliations
June 2013 - present
University of Eastern Finland
Position
  • Researcher

Publications

Publications (96)
Article
Full-text available
Substituting alternative materials and energy sources with forest biomass can cause significant environmental consequences, such as alteration in the released emissions which can be described by displacement factors (DFs). Until now, DFs of wood‐based materials have included greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and have been associated with lower fossil...
Preprint
Full-text available
European spruce bark beetle ( Ips typographus L., SBB) infestations are extending in northern Europe due to increases in temperature and drought, which increase the risk of outbreaks in Norway spruce ( Picea abies L.) forests. The severity of SBB damage may be decreased by timely detection and management measures. In this study, we analysed the SBB...
Article
Full-text available
We studied how management intensity and climate severity affect volume growth, timber yield, carbon stocks, and the amount of deadwood in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris (L.)), Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.), and silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.) dominated stands in the Republic of Karelia and Arkhangelsk region of northwest Russia. Using t...
Article
Full-text available
Residential biomass combustion significantly contributes to light-absorbing carbonaceous aerosols in the atmosphere, impacting the earth's radiative balance at regional and global levels. This study investigates the contribution of brown carbon (BrC) to the total particulate light absorption in the wavelength range of 370–950 nm (BrC370–950) and th...
Article
Full-text available
The aim of this study was to investigate the short-term effects of nitrogen (N) fertilization intensity on the ground vegetation cover and soil chemical properties in two Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and two Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) dominated stands on upland forest sites in Eastern Finland. The fertilizer was applied using a hel...
Article
Full-text available
We used forest ecosystem model simulations to study how forest conservation and management intensity affected timber yield, ecosystem carbon stocks, amount of dead wood, and habitat suitability area in a middle boreal forest region of Finland under changing climate over a 90-year simulation period. We used the following forest conservation and mana...
Preprint
Full-text available
Residential biomass combustion significantly contributes to light-absorbing carbonaceous aerosols in the atmosphere, impacting the Earth's radiative balance at regional and global levels. This study investigates the contribution of brown carbon to the total particulate light absorption in the wavelength range of 370 to 950 nm (BrC370-950) and the p...
Article
The consequences of converting primary forests to agriculture and pasture on soil carbon (C) and nutrient stocks are important, although they are little known in tropical forests. In the Sitapahar forest of Bangladesh, we evaluated soil C and nutrient concentrations and stocks among intact, fragmented, and shifting cultivation sites. We also invest...
Preprint
Full-text available
Background and aims: Changes in primary forests into agriculture and pasture significantly affect soil carbon (C) and nutrient stocks, but these effects are poorly understood in tropical forests. We i) compared concentrations and stocks of soil C and nutrients among intact, fragmented, and shifting cultivation sites in Sitapahar forest reserve of B...
Article
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Natural regeneration and forest successional development are influenced by gap formation in forest stands. Nonetheless, there are limited studies that provide quantitative information on the influence of gaps on forest regeneration. We evaluated characteristics of inner and outer canopy gaps and their effects on natural regeneration in 40 canopy ga...
Article
This study evaluated fuel consumption and CO2 emissions for 13 typical log trucks in operating conditions in Finland. The effects of season, transportation distance, mass, vehicle and road properties, and weather conditions on fuel consumption for driving were analyzed and modeled. The average fuel consumption and CO2 emission of the 76-t trucks wh...
Chapter
Full-text available
European forests have been acting as a significant carbon sink for the last few decades. However, there are significant distinctions among the forest carbon sinks in different parts of Europe due to differences in the area and structure of the forests, and the harvesting intensity of these. In many European countries, the forest area has increased...
Chapter
Full-text available
Forests and wood use can contribute to climate-change mitigation by enhancing carbon sinks through afforestation, reforestation and improved forest management, by maintaining carbon stocks through natural or anthropogenic disturbance prevention, by increasing offsite carbon stocks, and through material and energy substitution by changing the indust...
Chapter
Full-text available
Forest-based products––often referred to as harvested-wood products (HWPs)––can influence the climate through two separate mechanisms. Firstly, when wood is harvested from forests, the carbon contained in the wood is stored in the HWP for months to decades. If the amount of wood entering the market exceeds the amount of wood being discarded annuall...
Article
Full-text available
We investigated the responses in growth and emissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) and silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) seedlings to a simulated climate warming of +2 °C (T2) and +4 °C (T4), compared to the ambient conditions, during two growing seasons...
Article
PurposeFor sustaining productivity and increasing biodiversity in Cox´s Bazar, a coastal area, and Bandarban, a hilly area, in Bangladesh, it is important to study the soil properties of the homegardens in these districts. We assessed the effects of varying forest management on soil carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and nutrients (P, K, Na, and Ca) between...
Article
To obtain net climate benefits from intensified forest utilization in the short-term, the substitution impact of wood harvesting and increased carbon stocks of wood-based products should be higher than the forest carbon stock loss. However, the product specific substitution impacts change dynamically over time along with technological development,...
Article
Full-text available
Accumulation of secondary metabolites may exhibit developmentally regulated variation in different plant organs. Moreover, prevailing environmental conditions may interact with development-related variations in plant traits. In this study, we examined developmentally regulated variation in phenolic accumulation in the twigs of dioecious Populus tre...
Article
Full-text available
Background The homestead forests of Bangladesh occupy 0.27 million hectares (10% of the total forested area) and have potential to store carbon (C) and conserve biodiversity. Small scale forestry practices, however, are lacking reliable estimation of C stocks and tree species diversity. This may hinder successful implementation of REDD + and simila...
Preprint
Full-text available
Background The climate impacts of wood-based products can be measured by substitution impacts and changes in product carbon stocks. Cascade use of wood aims to increase resource efficiency and minimize the impact on the environment and climate, but it may lead to changes in the product portfolios of industries. Thus, measuring the overall impact is...
Article
Tropical forests play a significant role in sequestrating and storing atmospheric carbon di-oxide (CO2) emissions. However, estimation of forest carbon (C) stocks in relation to changes in forest structure and disturbances are less studied. We estimated forest C stocks in live trees, saplings, lianas, deadwood, forest floor, and soil in Sitapahar n...
Article
Full-text available
The full climate impacts of forest production and biomass use, and economic profitability of forest biomass production were studied under four alternative initial age structures of a forested landscape (young, even-aged, middle-aged and mature) in boreal conditions over 80 years. The forested landscapes occupied either by Scots pine or Norway spruc...
Preprint
Full-text available
Background This study aimed to estimate the carbon (C) stocks in homestead forest ecosystems (trees, litterfall, and soil) of Maheshkhali Island in Bangladesh and how tree species diversity and stand structural variation affected these C stocks. We randomly surveyed a total of 239 homestead forests proportionately allocating in hillside (67), beach...
Article
Full-text available
We studied the growth responses of boreal Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.) and silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) seedlings to simulated climate warming of an average of 1.3 • C over the growing season in a controlled field experiment in central Finland. We had six replicate plots for elevated and ambient temp...
Article
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We studied how the use of certain tree species in forest regeneration affected the regional wind damage risks to Finnish boreal forests under the current climate (1981–2010) and recent-generation global climate model (GCM) predictions (i.e., 10 GCMs of CMIP5, with wide variations in temperature and precipitation), using the representative concentra...
Article
Today, timber trucks of gross vehicle weight (GVW) up to 76 tonnes are allowed to operate on Finnish roads from roadside landings to mills. Reducing trucking costs and exhaust gas emissions have been the dominant reasons for the increased GVWs of timber trucks. A discrete-event simulation (DES) method was used to compare the impact of the truck and...
Article
Full-text available
We studied how different thinning regimes and initial age structures of a Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) forest landscape affect the radiative forcing of forest biomass production and use. We considered the effects of forest carbon sequestration, substitution of materials and fossil fuels with forest biomass, and timber use efficiency. The...
Article
Full-text available
Forests and forest industries can contribute to climate change mitigation by sequestering carbon from the atmosphere, by storing it in biomass, and by fabricating products that substitute more greenhouse gas emission intensive materials and energy. The objectives of the study are to specify alternative scenarios for the diversification of wood prod...
Article
Full-text available
In Nordic countries, tree planting of seedlings is mainly performed during spring and early summer. Interest has increased in extending the planting window throughout the unfrozen growing season. This study compared the success of one-year-old spring, summer and autumn plantings in practical forestry in Norway spruce ( (L.) Karst.) and Scots pine (...
Article
A displacement factor (DF) may be used to describe the efficiency of using wood-based products or fuels instead of fossil-based ones to reduce net greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, the DFs of individual products and their production volumes could not be used alone to evaluate the climate impacts of forest utilization. For this reason, in thi...
Article
Full-text available
The aim of this study was to examine how intensified silviculture affects timber production (sawlogs and pulpwood) and its economic profitability (net present value [NPV], with 2 per cent interest rate) based on forest ecosystem model simulations. The study was conducted on Norway spruce and Scots pine stands located on medium-fertile upland forest...
Article
Full-text available
We studied how the use of certain tree species in forest regeneration affected the volume growth, timber yield, and carbon stock of boreal forests in Finland under the current climate (1981–2010) and recent-generation global climate model (GCM) predictions (i.e., multi-model means and individual GCMs of CMIP5), using the representative concentratio...
Article
Full-text available
We investigated how recent-generation (CMIP5) global climate model projections affect the volume growth, carbon stock, timber yield and its profitability in managed Scots pine, Norway spruce and Silver birch stands on medium fertile upland sites under southern and northern boreal conditions in Finland. Forest ecosystem model simulations were conduc...
Article
Full-text available
The impacts of alternative forest management scenarios and harvest intensities on climate change mitigation potential of forest biomass production, utilization and economic profitability of biomass production were studied in three boreal sub-regions in Finland over a 40-year period. Ecosystem modelling and life cycle assessment tools were used to c...
Article
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We employed simulations by forest ecosystem (SIMA) and mechanistic wind damage (HWIND) models in upland boreal forests throughout Finland to study regional risks of wind damage under changing management preferences and climates (current and RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios) over 2010–2099. We used a critical wind speed for the uprooting of trees as a me...
Article
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We investigated how the initial age structure of a managed, middle boreal (62°N), Norway spruce-dominated (Picea abies L. Karst.) forest area affects the net climate impact of using forest biomass for energy. The model-based analysis used a gap-type forest ecosystem model linked to a life cycle assessment (LCA) tool. The net climate impact of energ...
Article
Full-text available
We utilized an ecosystem model and life cycle assessment tool for studying carbon flows between the ecosystem, technosystem, and atmosphere for scenarios utilizing forest biomass (biosystem) against fossil fuel intensive materials (fossil system). The net climate impacts were studied for a Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) stand over two cons...
Article
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The growing forest bioeconomy calls for enhancing wood production in Finland. Accordingly, we studied phenotypic differences and correlations for growth and wood density traits in 25 Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) genotypes grown in a field trial established in the 1970s in southeastern Finland. We also studied the effect of the geographic...
Article
Full-text available
We employed a forest ecosystem model (SIMA) to study how the changes in forest conservation area and management affect the volume growth, harvested amount of timber, carbon stock, and amount of deadwood in Finnish boreal upland forests under current and changing climates (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) over 2010–2099. Simulations were carried out on National F...
Chapter
http://www.worldagroforestry.org/downloads/Publications/PDFS/RP17428.pdf
Article
Full-text available
The Nordic and Baltic countries are in the frontline of replacing fossil fuel with renewables. An important question is how forest management of the productive parts of this region can support a sustainable development of our societies in reaching low or carbon neutral conditions by 2050. This may involve a 70% increased consumption of biomass and...
Article
Full-text available
The main objective of this work was to study the effects of intensive forest management on net climate impact of energy biomass (logging residues and/or stumps and coarse roots) utilisation from final felling of Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst) grown on medium-fertile site under boreal conditions in Finland. We employed forest ecosystem model s...
Article
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This review compiles information on the current state of the forests and analyses the potential of forest fuels for energy purposes in Denmark, Finland, Norway, Sweden, Estonia and Latvia. In these countries the forest area is 61 mill. ha, corresponding to 52% of the land areas, which is high in a European perspective where 38% of the land area is...
Article
Full-text available
In this work, it was studied the need to adapt the choice of main Finnish boreal tree species in forest regeneration under the projected climate change. The forest ecosystem model (SIMA) was used to simulate the volume growth of young Norway spruce, Scots pine and silver birch stands under the current and gradually changing climate throughout Finla...
Article
Full-text available
We studied the effects of climate change and forest management scenarios on net climate impacts (radiative forcing) of production and utilization of energy biomass, in a Norway spruce forest area over an 80-year simulation period in Finnish boreal conditions. A stable age-class distribution was used in model-based analyses in order to identify pure...
Article
In this work, we studied the potentials offered by managed boreal forests and forestry to mitigate the climate change by using forest-based materials and energy in substituting fossil-based materials (concrete and plastic) and energy (coal and oil). For this purpose, we calculated the net climate impacts (radiative forcing) of forest biomass produc...
Article
Full-text available
The growth dynamics of a tree may be affected by different silvicultural treatments of the stand, such as thinning or fertilization. A proper analysis of such effects at the tree level should take into account the nuisance caused by age-driven growth dynamics, the tree- and site-specific growth pattern, and the growth conditions of the calendar yea...
Article
Full-text available
The main objective of the study was to calculate net atmospheric impacts for wood production and utilization in Finnish boreal forest conditions. Net atmospheric impacts were calculated by comparing net CO2 exchanges of the wood production and utilization to the reference management regime. Net CO2 exchanges were simulated with a life cycle assessm...
Book
Throughout the world, forests and forest ecosystems provide timber, other raw materials, non-timber benefits, and protection against natural and human-induced threats. Forests are also an important energy source, providing fuelwood and energy biomass. In industrialized countries, fossil fuels have, however, replaced wood and become the dominant sou...
Chapter
Current management aimed purely at producing timber is not necessarily appropriate in managing forests to combine the production of timber and energy biomass and to maintain or even to increase carbon storage in forest ecosystems. Key questions are; how to integrate the management efforts to enhance the production potentials, howto sustain the prod...
Chapter
Full-text available
This chapter explores the dynamics of carbon sequestration in forest ecosystems. The focus is on the physiological and ecological mechanisms that control the carbon uptake and emissions in boreal forests. Findings from long-term monitoring and process-based modeling are used to demonstrate the sink/source dynamics of carbon sequestration in natural...
Chapter
In the Nordic countries, the potential of stump biomass as a source of forest biomass for energy use is higher than that of other components of logging residues. In this chapter, we mainly discuss the potential of stumps as a feedstock for energy biomass, measures to improve the quality of energy biomass represented by stumps, and the impacts of st...
Chapter
Mitigation of climate change is among the main priorities of global environmental policy. In forestry, the mitigation includes reducing sources and increasing sinks of greenhouse gases, especially those for carbon dioxide (CO2). In this context, management of forests e.g., proper tree species choice, soil management, and control of spacing and rota...
Chapter
This textbook deals with the management of forest land for producing and harvesting energy biomass. Energy biomass refers to woody biomass originating from special plantations or forest biomass harvested in forestry primarily aiming at producing timber. The focus is on northern Europe, where there is now great interest in the use of woody biomass a...
Article
Full-text available
We analyzed the effects of management on the economic profitability of forest biomass production and car-bon neutrality of bioenergy use in Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst) stands under the changing climate. We employed a forest ecosystem model and life cycle assessment tool. In particular, we studied the effects of thinning, nitrogen fertiliza...
Article
Full-text available
The overall aim of this work was to assess the effects of stump and root extraction on the long-term carbon sequestration and average carbon storage in the integrated production of energy biomass and stemwood (pulpwood and sawlogs) under different thinning options (unthinned, current thinning and 30% increased thinning thresholds from current thres...
Article
The carbon neutrality of forest biomass in energy production is questioned due to high indirect greenhouse gas emissions (mainly CO2) consequent to the land use and the changes in land use. This is why the effects of forest management on the carbon flows of ecosystem should be linked with the carbon flows due to the use of forest biomass in energy...
Article
The utilization and management of forest resources in the short term are dependent on the available resources in a region, which may not have been managed for bioenergy production. In the long term, the existing resources are developing under the control of the interaction between the initial structures, management interventions and changing climat...
Article
Full-text available
Purpose There has been lively debate, especially in Finland and Sweden, on the climate impacts of peat fuel. Previous studies of peat fuel's life-cycle climate impacts were controversial in their interpretation. The aim of this paper is conclusive examination of the issues of LCA methodology, derived from critical review of previous studies and rec...
Article
Full-text available
The net CO2 exchange of forests was investigated to study net atmospheric impact of forest bioenergy production (BP) and utilization in Finnish boreal conditions. Net CO2 exchange was simulated with a life cycle assessment tool over a 90‐year period and over the whole Finland based on National Forest Inventory data. The difference in the net exchan...