Antonis Bikakis

University College London | UCL · Department of Information Studies (DIS)

Purpose Advancements in Internet technologies greatly influence digital humanities, yet research investigating web3 (i.e. the blockchain-based, decentralised web) within that domain remains limited. The purpose of this paper is to address that gap, presenting a state-of-the-art synthesis of web3-related technologies for digital humanities infrastru...

Given that AI systems are set to play a pivotal role in future decision-making processes, their trustworthiness and reliability are of critical concern. Due to their scale and complexity, modern AI systems resist direct interpretation, and alternative ways are needed to establish trust in those systems, and determine how well they align with human...

We describe a general procedure for translating Epistemic Probabilistic Event Calculus (EPEC) action language domains into Answer Set Programs (ASP), and show how the Python-driven features of the ASP solver Clingo can be used to provide efficient computation in this probabilistic setting. EPEC supports probabilistic, epistemic reasoning in domains...

While the use of semantic technologies is now commonplace in the cultural heritage sector and several semantically annotated cultural heritage datasets are publicly available, there are few examples of cultural portals that exploit these datasets and technologies to improve the experience of visitors to their online collections. Aiming to address t...

The exchange of comments, opinions, and arguments in blogs, forums, social media, wikis, and review websites has transformed the Web into a modern agora, a virtual place where all types of debates take place. This wealth of information remains mostly unexploited: due to its textual form, such information is difficult to automatically process and an...

Whilst cooking is a very important human activity, there has been little consideration given to how we can formalize recipes for use in a reasoning framework. We address this need by proposing a graphical formalization that captures the comestibles (ingredients, intermediate food items, and final products), and the actions on comestibles in the for...

argumentation frameworks (AAFs), introduced by Dung (1995, Artif. Intell., 228, 321–357), enabled a new way of reasoning with arguments, which does not take into account the internal structure of arguments but only how they are related to each other. The only form of relation considered in AAFs is a binary attack relation on the set of arguments. F...

Non-fungible tokens (NFTs) make it technically possible for digital assets to be owned and traded, introducing the concept of scarcity in the digital realm for the first time. Resulting from this technical development, this paper asks the question, do they provide an opportunity for fundraising for galleries, libraries, archives and museums (GLAM),...

This paper presents a novel abstract argumentation framework, called Multi-Attack Argumentation Framework (MAAF), which supports different types of attacks. The introduction of types gives rise to a new family of non-standard semantics which can support applications that classical approaches cannot, while also allowing classical semantics as a spec...

The human ability to repurpose objects and processes is universal, but it is not a well-understood aspect of human intelligence. Repurposing arises in everyday situations such as finding substitutes for missing ingredients when cooking, or for unavailable tools when doing DIY. It also arises in critical, unprecedented situations needing crisis mana...

Infusing autonomous artificial systems with knowledge about the physical world they inhabit is of utmost importance and a long-lasting goal in Artificial Intelligence (AI) research. Training systems with relevant data is a common approach; yet, it is not always feasible to find the data needed, especially since a big portion of this knowledge is co...

Argumentative discourse rarely consists of opinions whose claims apply universally. As with logical statements, an argument applies to specific objects in the universe or relations among them, and may have exceptions. In this paper, we propose an argumentation formalism that allows associating arguments with a domain of application. Appropriate sem...

While modelling arguments, it is often useful to represent “joint attacks”, i.e., cases where multiple arguments jointly attack another (note that this is different from the case where multiple arguments attack another in isolation). Based on this remark, the notion of joint attacks has been proposed as a useful extension of classical Abstract Argu...

Cultural Heritage and Digital Humanities have become major application fields of Linked Data and Semantic Web technologies. This editorial introduces the special issue of the Semantic Web (SWJ) journal on Semantic Web for Cultural Heritage. In total 30 submissions for the call of papers were received, of which 11 were selected for publication. The...

This paper investigates techniques for knowledge injection into word embeddings learned from large corpora of unannotated data. These representations are trained with word cooccurrence statistics and do not commonly exploit syntactic and semantic information from linguistic knowledge bases, which potentially limits their transferability to domains...

In multi-agent systems, agents often need to cooperate and form coalitions to fulfil their goals, for example by carrying out certain actions together or by sharing their resources. In such situations, some questions that may arise are: Which agent(s) to cooperate with? What are the potential coalitions in which agents can achieve their goals? As t...

The field of Computational Argumentation is well-tailored to approach commonsense reasoning, due to its ability to model contradictory information. In this paper, we present preliminary work on how an argumentation framework can explicitly model commonsense knowledge, both at a logically structured and at an abstract level. We discuss the correlati...

In multiagent systems, agents often have to rely on other agents to reach their goals, for example when they lack a needed resource or do not have the capability to perform a required action. Agents therefore need to cooperate. Then, some of the questions raised are: Which agent(s) to cooperate with? What are the potential coalitions in which agent...

We propose the action language EPEC – Epistemic Probabilistic Event Calculus – that supports probabilistic, epistemic reasoning about narratives of action occurrences and environmentally triggered events, and in particular facilitates reasoning about future belief-conditioned actions and their consequences in domains that include both perfect and i...

We present semantics-based mechanisms that aim to promote reflection on cultural heritage by means of dates (historical events or annual commemorations), owing to their connections to a collection of items and to the visitors’ interests. We argue that links to specific dates can trigger curiosity, increase retention and guide visitors around the ve...

Recent advances in semantic web and deep learning technologies enable new means for the computational analysis of vast amounts of information from the field of digital humanities. We discuss how some of the techniques can be used to identify historical and cultural symmetries between different characters, locations, events or venues, and how these...

It has been argued that Dung's classical Abstract Argumentation Framework (AAF) model is not appropriate for capturing “joint attacks”, a feature that is inherent in several contexts and applications. The model proposed by Nielsen and Parsons in [1], often referred to as “framework with sets of attacking arguments” (SETAF), fills this gap by introd...

This paper describes a working example of semantically modelling cultural heritage information and data from the National Gallery collection in London. The paper discusses the process of semantically representing and enriching the available cultural heritage data, and reveals the challenges of semantically expressing interrelations and groupings am...

CrossCult (www.crosscult.eu) is an EU-funded project, which consists of 11 European institutions and 14 associated partners (including cultural heritage venues, NGOs and SMEs) with expertise in a range of disciplines such as Computer Science, History and Social Sciences. The goal of CrossCult is to spur a change in the way European citizens apprais...

The paper presents the H2020 CrossCult project, providing a short overview, a summary of the platform developed by the project, a description of the consortium, lessons learnt in three main dimensions (humanities, technology and business), the open challenges and the main tools developed by the project.

Information Visualisation (InfoVis) is defined as the interactive visual representation of abstract data. We view the end-users' interaction with InfoVis tools as a learning experience which is made up of a set of highly demanding cognitive activities. These activities assist the end-user in making sense and gaining knowledge of the represented dom...

CrossCult (www.crosscult.eu) is a three-year H2020 research project, which started in March 2016. It consists of 11 European institutions and 14 associated partners, from Computer Science, History and Cultural Heritage. The goal of CrossCult is to spur a change in the way European citizens appraise History, fostering the re-interpretation of what t...

The modern advances of digital technologies provide a wider access to information, enabling new ways of interacting with and understanding cultural heritage information, facilitating its presentation, access and reinterpretation. The paper presents a working example of connecting and mapping cultural heritage information and data from cultural heri...

This report presents the CrossCult digital datasets of the four project pilots.It contains a description of the methods and data structures used to semantically model and ingest the digital resources of the pilots into the CrossCult Knowledge Base following the semantics of the CrossCult Upper-level ontology, a set of examples of semantic enrichmen...

This paper presents the Upper-level Ontology and the other ontological schemas and vocabularies that we used to model the semantics of the “world” of CrossCult and its four pilots. It consists of two documents: a report describing the rationale and structure of the ontology and a PDF file containing the definitions of the classes and properties of...

User reviews, comments and votes on the Social Web form the modern version of word-of-mouth communication, which has a huge impact on people’s shopping habits, businesses and the overall market. Despite that, systems have so far limited practical success in helping consumers and businesses analysing, managing and understanding Social Web content. I...

http://www.digitalhumanities.org/dhq/vol/11/3/000316/000316.html The need for organising and digitally processing the vast amount of Cultural Heritage (CH) information has recently led to the development of formal knowledge representation models (ontologies) for the CH domain. Existing models, however, do not capture gender-related concepts. This...

The need for organising, sharing and digitally processing Cultural Heritage (CH) information has led to the development of formal knowledge representation models (ontologies) for the CH domain. Based on RDF and OWL, the standard data model and ontology language of the Semantic Web, ontologies such as CIDOC-CRM, the Europeana Data Model and VRA, off...

CrossCult is an EU-funded research project aiming to spur a change in the way European citizens appraise History, fostering the re-interpretation of what they may have learnt in the light of cross-border interconnections among pieces of cultural heritage, other citizens’ viewpoints and physical venues. Exploiting the expressive power, reasoning and...

We present PEC, an Event Calculus (EC) style action language for reasoning about probabilistic causal and narrative information. It has an action language style syntax similar to that of the EC variant \(\mathcal {M}\)odular-\(\mathcal {E}\). Its semantics is given in terms of possible worlds which constitute possible evolutions of the domain, and...

We present PEC, an Event Calculus (EC) style action language for reasoning about probabilistic causal and narrative information. It has an action language style syntax similar to that of the EC variant Modular-E. Its semantics is given in terms of possible worlds which constitute possible evolutions of the domain, and builds on that of EFEC, an epi...

Artificial Intelligence provides a rich set of methods and tools for implementing the Ambient Intelligence vision, i.e. to transform our environments into smart spaces assisting as with our everyday tasks in an intelligent, seamless and non-obtrusive way. Among them, Semantic Web technologies, such as RDF, ontology languages and others, can be used...

The proliferation of smart devices gives rise to a new world of Ambient Intelligence, a world of technologies embedded in the surrounding environments, such as the home environment. As the success of such systems often depends on the collection on personal data, privacy concerns threaten to hinder this new world from reaching its full potential. At...

Today, privacy is a key concept. It is also one which is rapidly evolving with technological advances, and there is no consensus on a single definition for it. In fact, the concept of privacy has been defined in many different ways, ranging from the “right to be left alone” to being a “commodity” that can be bought and sold. In the same time, power...

The report presents a collaborative effort of the four pilots, which took place in the first six months (M1-M6) of the project and focused on: 1) refining the original scenarios, 2) capturing the requirements, 3) defining the evaluation framework, 4) identifying the contributing technologies, 5) specifying the core gameplay for the four pilots and...

Users' reviews, comments and votes on the Social Web form the modern version of word-of-mouth communication, which has a huge impact on people?s habits and businesses. Nonetheless, there are only few attempts to formally model and analyze them using Computational Models of Argument, which achieved a first significant step in bringing these two fiel...

It is our great pleasure to welcome you to the 9th Hellenic Conference on Artificial Intelligence (SETN 2016) taking place on May 18th - 20th in Thessaloniki, Greece.

The annual International Web Rule Symposium (RuleML) is an international conference on research, applications, languages, and standards for rule technologies. It has evolved from an annual series of international workshops since 2002, international conferences in 2005 and 2006, and international symposia since 2007. It is the flagship event of the...

We present preliminary findings regarding the increasing use of Info-Vis tools and semantically structured data by cultural heritage institutions. This sector faces a number of challenges in developing best practices for publishing Linked Data, including the presentation of their digital cultural heritage collections and the visualization of their...

The Linked Open Bibliographic Data project at UCL is developing an Open Educational Resource to enable the teaching and learning of BIBFRAME, the new RDF-based framework designed to take over from MARC. A new bibliographic dataset based on BIBFRAME, which will be linked with other online datasets, has been created for that purpose. The learning res...

In multiagent systems, agents often have to rely on other agents to reach their goals, for example when they lack a needed resource or do not have the capability to perform a required action. Agents therefore need to cooperate. Some of the questions then raised, such as, which agent to cooperate with, are addressed in the field of coalition formati...

In this chapter we discuss the necessity to move beyond built-in monotonic semantic web based reasoning-architectures for endowing ubiquitous robots with cognitive capabilities, which are strongly required in ambient assistive living, towards new architectures that combine different reasoning mechanisms to achieve better context awareness and adapt...

Reports on the first stage of a project to create an Open Educational Resource for the teaching of new cataloguing format BIBFRAME. Collaborative creation of knowledge with students is a key aspect of the project, and this is discussed in the context of UCL's Connected Curriculum.

This book constitutes the refereed conference proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Multi-disciplinary Trends in Artificial Intelligence, MIWAI 2015, held in Fuzhou, China, in November 2015. The 30 revised full papers presented together with 12 short papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 83 submissions. The papers feature a...

We introduce a new methodology to systematically com-pute all possible coalitions among the robots of a multirobot system using the model and algorithms of Multi-Context Systems (MCS).

Semantic search engines improve the accuracy of search results by understanding the meaning and context of terms as they appear in web documents. But do they also improve the presentation of search results? We discuss this research question and attempt to address it by evaluating two semantic search engines: Sig.ma and Kngine. Our analysis is based...

This paper presents a novel real-world application for energy savings in a Smart Building environment. The proposed system unifies heterogeneous wireless sensor networks under a Semantic Web Service middleware. Two complementary and mutually exclusive rule-based approaches for enforcing energy-saving policies are proposed: a reactive agent based on...

A common feature of many distributed systems, including web social networks, peer-to-peer systems and Ambient Intelligence systems, is cooperation in terms of information exchange among heterogeneous entities. In order to facilitate the exchange of information, we first need ways to evaluate it. The concept of conviviality was recently proposed for...

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 8th International RuleML Symposium, RuleML 2014, co-located with the 21st European Conference on Artificial Intelligence, ECAI 2014, held in Prague, Czech Republic, in August 2014. The 17 full and 6 short papers presented together with 3 keynote talks were carefully reviewed and selected from 48...

Information exchange among heterogenous entities is common in most distributed systems. To facilitate information exchange, we first need ways to evaluate it. The concept of conviviality was recently introduced to model and measure cooperation among agents. In this paper, we use conviviality to model and measure information dependencies in distribu...

With the ever-growing use of textual biomedical data, domain entity annotation has become very important in biomedicine. Previous works on annotating domain entities from biomedical references suffer from several issues, such as a data flexibility problem, language dependency, and limitations with respect to word sense disambiguation. Meanwhile, th...

In this work, we present the design and implementation of a system for proof explanation in the Semantic Web, based on defeasible reasoning. Trust is a vital feature for Semantic Web. If users (humans and agents) are to use and integrate system answers, they must trust them. Thus, systems should be able to explain their actions, sources, and belief...

This paper reports on a system for automated agent negotiation, based on a formal and executable approach to capture the behavior of parties involved in a negotiation. It uses the JADE agent framework, and its major distinctive feature is the use of declarative negotiation strategies. The negotiation strategies are expressed in a declarative rules...

In this paper we present R-CoRe; a rule-based contextual reasoning platform for Ambient Intelligence environments. R-CoRe integrates Contextual Defeasible Logic (CDL) and Kevoree, a component-based software platform for Dynamically Adaptive Systems. Previously, we explained how this integration enables to overcome several reasoning and technical is...

The special characteristics and requirements of intelligent environments impose several challenges to the reasoning processes of Ambient Intelligence systems. Such systems must enable heterogeneous entities operating in open and dynamic environments to collectively reason with imperfect context information. Previously we introduced Contextual Defea...

Uncertainty and ambiguity are two inherent properties of historical and archaeological data. It is very often that different researchers express conflicting opinions about an artifact's chronology, creation, origin, style or identification. Ontology-based models, such as CIDOC-CRM, are already widely used for the representation of cultural artifact...

Multi-Context Systems is a rule-based representation model for distributed, heterogeneous knowledge agents, which cooperate by sharing parts of their local knowledge through a set of bridge rules also known as mappings. The concept of conviviality was recently proposed for modeling and measuring cooperation among agents in multiagent systems. In th...