António M. Monge Soares

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• PhD Oceanography
• Senior Researcher at University of Lisbon

New data on the provenance of copper from Leceia. The archaeological site of Leceia is a Chalcolithic settlement with one of the largest amounts of metal artefacts in the Lisbon peninsula, although the absence of ores and smelting remains suggests that local metallurgical operations were essentially related to the last stages of the chaine opératoi...

Artificial cave of S. Paulo II (Almada). Excavations carried out under the auspices of the Almada City Council, between 1989 and 1991 in the churchyard of S. Paulo, within the urban area of the city of Almada, led to the identification of what remains of an artificial cave, excavated in carbonate sediments of the Miocene, of which the burial chambe...

In this work, non-invasive techniques (XRD and microPIXE) were used to study 14 necklace beads associated with human inhumations from the Late Bronze Age (10th-9th century BC) hypogea of Monte da Ramada 1 (Aljustrel), from the Early Iron Age (7th-6th century BC) necropolises of Palhais (Beja), Montinhos 6 (Serpa) and Corte Margarida (Aljustrel), an...

No início dos anos 1970, Schubart define e caracteriza uma entidade arqueográfica, o “Horizonte de Ferradeira”, na qual pretende agregar a escasssa realidade arqueológica conhecida, na altura, para o período compreendido entre o Calcolítico Pleno e a Idade do Bronze no Sul do território português. A evolução posteriormente ocorrida no conhecimento...

Cabeço Redondo is a fifth century BC archaeological site located on the left bank of the Guadiana river in the municipality of Moura (southern Portugal). The site was severely damaged by agricultural works in 1990, but among the preserved remains recorded by later archaeological surveys, a set of copper-based debris from a metallurgical workshop st...

RESUMO. Os trabalhos arqueológicos desenvolvidos na Mamoa 4 da Tojeira (Oliveira de Frades) em 2021 e 2022 permitiram recuperar um conjunto artefactual que indica uma cronologia calcolítica. Do conjunto material destacam-se um punção em cobre e duas pequenas contas de colar, nomeadamente uma conta tubular em ouro e uma conta cilíndrica verde azulad...

Atas das II jornadas de arqueologia de Vozuela-Lafões, realizadas a 2 e 3 de junho de 2021.

In the present study, 37 lead artefacts were characterised to identify possible lead sources allowing to establish trade fluxes concerning food and textile products during Roman times. These artefacts were uncovered by dredging works at the Arade River estuary (Portimão). The city of Portimão (Lusitania province) was an important harbour, where sev...

Revisiting the provenance of copper in use at Leceia. The work presents a revaluation of a pioneer research about the copper provenance in the Chalcolithic settlement of Leceia (Oeiras, Portugal) considering theoretical developments in the application of lead isotope analyses, in addition to the recent publication of the large IBERLID database incl...

The study of gold jewellery can provide important answers about the diffusion of goldsmith technologies and cultural beliefs in Mediterranean World. This work comprises gold ornaments recovered from archaeological contexts dated to the 1st millennium BC in southern Portugal, with special emphasis to two exceptional plaques portraying the Mesopotami...

The site of Cabecinho da Capitôa (Lisbon, Mafra) was identified and excavated in the context of a preventive archaeological intervention carried out during the con-struction of the A21 Highway in 2006. The archaeological investigations enabled us to identify stratigraphic contexts and material assemblages rarely found from this period (Late Bronze...

A metallic artefact recorded in a LBA/EIA context in Northern Portugal, which can be one of the first known material representations of the so-called Southwestern Bronze Age “anchoriform” or “anchor idol”, is presented. The artefact comes from an intrusive LBA/EIA context into a MBA level at the hilltop settlement of Fraga dos Corvos (Macedo de Cav...

The Chalcolithic period in the Lisbon region, Portugal, is usually divided into three phases chronologically: the Early Chalcolithic, characterized by cylindrical corrugated cups, Full Chalcolithic by so-called acacia-leaf decoration, and Late Chalcolithic by Bell Beaker pottery. The aim of this research is to determine if Chalcolithic ceramic raw...

Archaeological works at Cabeço Redondo (southern Portugal), located in the Guadiana River basin, identified the remains of a monumental building with an architecture, ceramics and metal artefacts in line with post-Orientalizing contexts of the sixth–fifth century BC in southwestern Iberian Peninsula. Metal debris connected to the copper-based metal...

La excavación de la necrópolis prehistórica de Galeria da Cisterna (1988-1989) recuperó los restos de varios individuos. La datación de cuatro de ellos demuestra que la cavidad fue usada con fines funerarios en época campaniforme. No se ha encontrado ningún fragmento de la característica cerámica del periodo, pero un pequeño fragmento de espiral en...

O presente artigo efectua uma primeira apresentação do concheiro neolítico do Lisandro (Mafra, Lisboa, Portugal), numa abordagem interdisciplinar. Identificado em 2017 e objecto de uma escavação de emergência em 2018, Lisandro apresenta um depósito conquífero entre dunas, evidenciando uma ocupação exclusivamente relacionada com o consumo de fauna m...

O concelho de Moura situa-se na margem esquerda do Guadiana, na unidade geotectónica da Zona de Ossa-Morena (ZOM). São conhecidas na região diversas ocorrências mineiras, designadamente de cobre, ferro e chumbo/zinco associadas a distintos sistemas mineralizantes (Fig. 1). Considerando a delimitação das faixas com potencialidade mineira da ZOM, as...

The recent discovery and archaeological excavation of two funerary structures located at Horta do Pinheiro 5 (south of Portugal) shed new light on the early times of the Southwestern Middle Bronze Age. These structures, a pit and a hypogeum, both associated with another pit, deepen our knowledge about the funerary rituals practiced at that time. Gr...

The Chalcolithic time is a period widely debated in Southwestern Iberia Late Prehistory. During the last few decades, the number of contexts known has grown, especially with the discovery and publication of several ditched enclosures from Southern Portugal. To contribute to ongoing discussions, three Chalcolithic pits –13, 16, 54– from the Complex...

The recently excavated necropolises of Esfola (Beja) and Monte do Bolor 1/2 (Beja) display a characteristic architecture and distinctive funerary items that refer to the seventh to sixth century BC. The work comprises a microanalytical study of copper-based artefacts, some of them symbols of status, recovered in these necropolises (Tartesic belt bu...

Groundwater isotopic composition is widely used nowadays in the management and protection of water resources. This work will focus not only on the temporal and spatial variations of tritium content in precipitation and their relationships with groundwater active recharge, but also on the radiocarbon groundwater dating. The 3H levels determined in g...

This paper presents the first results of the archaeological work carried out in the Chalcolithic ditched enclosure of Folha do Ouro 1 (Serpa, Beja). The site was identified in an aerial image and integrated in the research developed by NIA-Era Arqueologia regarding this type of contexts and submitted to geophysics and surface prospection with colle...

This work presents the first provenance study on copper in use by 3rd millennium BC communities in southern Portugal. Copper ores from small mines and copper artefacts from Chalcolithic settlements were subjected to Pb isotope analysis. Some of Pb isotope ratios obtained in ores from the Ossa-Morena Zone, but also from the South Portuguese Zone, ev...

Although in recent years the prehistoric metallurgy of southwestern Iberian Peninsula has become increasingly well understood, the southernmost region still requires additional research. This work presents the technological study of artefacts from burial contexts located in this area, namely the necropolises of Anta do Malhão and Soalheironas (Alga...

Fruits of the sea The origins of marine resource consumption by humans have been much debated. Zilhão et al. present evidence that, in Atlantic Iberia's coastal settings, Middle Paleolithic Neanderthals exploited marine resources at a scale on par with the modern human–associated Middle Stone Age of southern Africa (see the Perspective by Will). Ex...

This paper presents the first results of the archaeological work carried out in the Chalcolithic ditched enclosure of Folha do Ouro 1 (Serpa, Beja). The site was identified in an aerial image and integrated in the research developed by NIA-Era Arqueologia regarding this type of contexts and submitted to geophysics and surface prospection with colle...

In this paper, we present a detailed examination of a sword dating from the Southwestern Middle Bronze Age, which was found several years ago during farming activities near the town of Serpa, Portugal. The sword was apparently found out of an archaeological context. The finder of the sword, who kindly allowed us to study it, cleaned the artefact of...

Identificação e caracterização arqueometalúrgica de um machado plano em bronze binário, de tipo Bujões-Barcelos, que integrou o depósito de Agro Velho, em Montalegre, importante região mineira rica em estanho, onde se tem encontrado uma das evidências mais antigas das produções bronzíferas do país, atribuídas ao Bronze médio, 2º quartel do II milén...

O estudo consiste na caracterização do espólio metálico das necrópoles de cistas de Casa Velhas e da Provença. Os artefactos de base cobre são compostos por cobre arsenical (2,03-5,64% As), exceptuando-se um “anzol” em bronze, liga que constitui uma das inovações do Bronze Pleno do Sudoeste, tal como a prata, aqui utilizada em ornamentos: anel (99,...

Moura–Ficalho aquifer system consists of a mixed karst-fissured system, in the driest region of SE of Portugal, with c. 187 km² of total area, of which 85 km² correspond to outcrops of carbonated rocks. This aquifer system is responsible for water supply to several villages in the Municipalities of Moura and Serpa, also supplying the bottling indus...

O estuário da Ribeira de Bensafrim, no Barlavento algarvio, foi um dos sistemas flúvio-marinhos utilizado para avaliar a evolução de ambientes costeiros ao longo dos últimos 5000 anos. Datou-se pelo radiocarbono a matéria orgânica sedimentar presente nos testemunhos verticais colhidos neste estuário. Tendo em conta o registo estratigráfico associad...

The Western coast of the Iberian Peninsula stands as an interface between both the Atlantic and Mediterranean climatic influences and marine / fluvial conditions. The paper aims to assess the environmental changes in the last ca 6000 years (both natural and anthropogenic induced) using multiproxy analysis (geomorphological and sedimentological data...

A funerary hypogeum at Quinta do Castelo (Salvada, Beja), in which a body was deposited in lateral decubitus, accompanied by grave goods consisting of an awl and an Odivelas cup, was studied. Following anthropological analysis of the skeletal remains, the individual was dated by radiocarbon, which allowed to assign a chronology of the end of the 1s...

The gold technology in Iberia underwent an important development during the Early Iron Age (EIA) following the arrival of new technological skills from the Mediterranean region, including the use of filigree, granulation, and brazing. This work presents the microanalytical study of EIA gold jewels (22 spherical beads and four tongue pendants) recov...

This paper discusses the preliminary results from the archaeological excavations undertaken at Salsa3 (Serpa), which is a settlement apparently without defenses located on the plain at the left bank of the Guadiana river. The field work led to the identification of eight negative structures (possible storage pits) plus two larger negative structure...

8 artefactos cerâmicos do Passo Alto e 7 da Salsa 3 foram amostrados com o fim de proceder à caracterização, não só composicional, mas também das técnicas de produção neles utilizadas, o que permitiria perceber as dissemelhanças que possibilitassem a discriminação entre as cerâmicas dos dois povoados. Além disso, dentro das cerâmicas do Passo Alto,...

Archaeological surveys and excavations carried out at the settlement of Passo Alto (Vila Verde de Ficalho, Serpa, Portugal) have allowed to assign its main phase of occupation to the Late Bronze Age and, at the same time, to investigate and to characterize the built defense complex. The settlement is located at the confluence of two rivers and it i...

This paper discusses the preliminary results from the archaeological excavations undertaken at Santa Margarida (Serpa), an archaeological site, apparently an open Late Bronze Age settlement, located on the plain at the left bank of the Guadiana river. The field work identified a set of negative structures ascribed to the Late Bronze Age and some La...

The settlement of Passo Alto is located in southwestern Portugal near Vila Verde de Ficalho (Serpa). It extends atop a small hill near the confluence of two rivers, and is formed by two loci 250 m apart. Archaeological finds, namely pattern-burnished pottery collected during several archaeological surveys and excavations carried out at the settleme...

Archaeological excavations carried out in recent years under investigation and preventive archaeology projects, in the Baixo Alentejo’s municipalities of Ferreira do Alentejo, Beja and Serpa, on both banks of the Middle Guadiana river allowed to record sites dating from the second quarter of the Ist millennium BC, in areas of slightly rugged relief...

Grave goods were recovered by archaeological excavations at two burial sites in southern Portugal: Anta do Malhão and Soalheironas

A multidisciplinary analysis of Holocene sediments from Saltés Island (Tinto-Odiel estuary, SW Spain) has allowed to differentiate eigth sedimentary facies, according to their textural characteristics, internal structure, paleontology and archaeological content. Its interpretation and the chronological datings carried out reconstruct a transition f...

Fourteen fragments of gold foils were recovered in a Bell Beaker context of Tomb 2 of Perdigões (Reguengos de Monsaraz, Southern Portugal) dated to the 3rd quarter of the 3rd millennium BC. Most of the gold foils were used attached to some sort of a fabric backing due to their very small thickness. All of them were not decorated with the exception...

Nesta comunicação dar-se-ão a conhecer alguns contextos do Bronze do Sudoeste intervencionados durante os trabalhos arqueológicos de campo levados a cabo pela empresa Crivarque, Lda e resultantes da implantação de adutores integrados na Rede de Rega de Alfundão (Rede de Rega do Alqueva, da responsabilidade da EDIA, S.A.). Foram escavadas diversas e...

The major changes that occurred in the southwestern estuaries of the Spanish Atlantic coast during the last 6500 years BP were simultaneous to human settlement and therefore the understanding of their coastal evolution will help interpreting human patterns in these areas. The study of the morpho-sedimentary features of new outcrops appearing in the...

A set of lead artefacts were recovered at the Late Roman Republican archaeological site of Monte dos Castelinhos (Portugal), located in a prominent position on the right bank of the Tagus River, in the rear of its estuary. All artefacts, namely 16 shapeless fragment, seven glandes plumbeae and six possible metallurgical remains, were analysed using...

The composition and manufacture of Late Bronze Age metallic artefacts from funerary and domestic contexts of southern inland Portugal was studied. The prevailing trend comprises binary bronzes (10.3 ± 2.1 wt% Sn) showing deformed equiaxial grains, annealing twins and slip bands. The alloy composition is somewhat independent of artefact type, while...

Resumo. Um levantamento exaustivo das datas de radiocarbono já publicadas para os contextos arqueológicos da Idade do Ferro orientalizante do território actualmente português permitiu a criação de uma sólida base de dados, que pode ser analisada também em função desses mesmos contextos e da própria constituição das amostras. O conjunto de datas sel...

In the present study, a set of 24 glandes plumbeae found at Alto dos Cacos, a Roman Republican military camp located in the Tagus valley, Portugal, was analysed by a quadrupole based ICP-MS to determine the tin (Sn) content and lead (Pb) isotope ratios. Results were compared with similar data previously obtained for fistulae plumbeae aquariae from...

The pit-site of Horta do Cabral 6. Contributes to the definition of the Bronze Age in the region of Torrão (Alcácer do Sal, South Portugal). The Horta do Cabral 6 site is located near the town of Torrão. It covers a flat area with a calcrete bedrock, in which some filled‑up pit features were identified. The 17 excavated features yielded pottery she...

A wide set of pottery was recovered by a Moroccan-Portuguese archaeological mission at the town of Azemmour (Morocco), between 2008 and 2011. The ceramic set can be divided into two distinct chronological groups: a medieval group (14th–15th centuries), mainly composed of refuse of a potter's production unit, and an early modern group (18th century)...

We have used EDXRF, Micro-PIXE and optical microscopy (metallographic analysis), complemented with SEM-EDS, to first determine the elemental content, and second, to identify the process used to join the components (disk, peripheral rod and tab) of several Iron Age gold buttons. These have a very similar typology and were found at three archaeologic...

Chalcolithic gold artefacts assigned to the Bell Beaker Culture in Portuguese Estremadura were analysed by micro-energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. These high-status jewels comprise beads of tubular, spiral and double-conical type, a spiral ring and a wire fragment. The collection is mainly composed of gold with 8.7–16.3 wt% Ag and...

A collection of 30 copper-based artefacts recovered during archaeological excavations at the São Pedro settlement (Redondo, Portugal) was characterised by optical microscopy and Vickers microhardness testing. The radiocarbon dating of bone samples and the existence of Bell Beaker ceramics establish a chronology of c. 2700-2000 BC for tools and weap...

Nos trabalhos arqueológicos realizados nos últimos anos nos povoados do Passo Alto e do Castelo de Serpa identificou-se um conjunto de testemunhos que possibilitam discutir a questão do infl uxo orientalizante na margem esquerda portuguesa do Guadiana. No Passo Alto, após uma fase do Bronze Final que terminará no fi nal do século VIII a.C., regista...

RESUMO Este trabalho analisa as evidências materiais e estratigráfi cas registadas no Cabeço Redondo (Moura), obtidas através da realização de uma sondagem arqueológica e da recolha de artefactos descontextualizados após a destruição do sítio. Os resultados confi rmam a presença de uma ocupação rural e de um espaço edifi cado profundamente remodela...

Esta monografía es el resultado del proyecto interdisciplinar llevado a cabo en el Paraje Natural y Reserva de la Biosfera Marismas del Odiel, por un amplio equipo interdisciplinar que cuenta con 33 investigadores de las áreas de Prehistoria, Arqueología, Antropología, Geografía, Historia Medieval Moderna y Contemporánea, Historia del Arte, Arquite...

In the Iberian Peninsula, the copper metallurgy from the Chalcolithic to the Middle Bronze Age (MBA) was mostly characterized by low arsenic contents. A collection of 53 MBA artefacts from southern Portugal was analysed by micro-EDXRF, optical microscopy, SEM–EDS and Vickers to investigate the metal composition and manufacture. No technological dis...

The Chalcolithic site of Moita da Ladra, on the right bank of the River Tagus, near Vila Franca de Xira (Portugal), was mainly settled during the second half of the 3rd millennium BC. The large amount of metal artefacts and metallurgical remains recovered at the site indicates local metallurgical activities. Chemical and microstructural characteriz...

Metals from a votive deposit at Moita da Ladra (Tagus Estuary) dating to the eighth century BC were studied by micro-EDXRF, optical microscopy and Vickers testing to investigate the adoption of Phoenician innovations by indigenous communities. Artefacts are made of bronze alloys with suitable tin contents (11.6± 2.3 wt%) and very low iron impuritie...

Radiocarbon dating of closely associated marine mollusk shells and terrestrial material (mammal bones or charred wood) collected from archaeological contexts in northern Atlantic Iberian coastal areas is used to quantify the marine 14 C reservoir effect (ΔR) for the coastal waters off the Cantabrian coast of northern Iberia. For the first time, ΔR...

Lead metal and lead artefacts were widespread over the Roman world, as consequence of its large use in public buildings, namely as plumbing on hydraulic systems of Roman cities and villae. The determination of Pb isotope ratios combined with minor and trace element contents of such lead artefacts may constitute a powerful tool for provenance studie...

Most Roman hydraulic systems were made with lead plumbing manufactured by casting lead sheets which were sealed by joining the edges with a molten metal. Modern studies suggest that the Romans used distinct techniques for joining the lead pipes (fistulae aquariae), such as welding (with lead) and soldering (with a tin-lead alloy). Micro-EDXRF and m...

A collection of 39 metallic artefacts recovered in archaeological sites of Southern Portugal was studied by micro-EDXRF to identify their compositions and the use of metal among ancient communities. Artefacts presented different typologies such as tools (e.g. awls, chisels and a saw) and weapons (e.g. daggers and arrowheads) mostly belonging to 250...

The shell middens of São Julião and Magoito, located on the Atlantic coast of the Lisbon peninsula, are the only sites of the Portuguese Estremadura that feature occupations from the Atlantic period. These sites present occupations of the Early Mesolithic and successive reoccupations in the Late Mesolithic (S. Julião), the Early and Middle Neolithi...

Archaeological materials present unique records on natural processes allowing the study of long-term material behaviors such as structural modifications and degradation mechanisms. The present work is focused on the chemical and microstructural characterization of four prehistoric arsenical copper artifacts. These artifacts were characterized by mi...

DOI: 10.13140/2.1.3253.8565

2. Resumo Foram identificadas e alvo de escavação arqueológica diversas estruturas negativas (ca-torze fossas) situadas próximo da villa romana de Pisões (Beja), nas quais foi registada uma elevada diacronia. Assim, o Neolítico encontra-se representado por duas fossas funerárias. Outras estruturas negativas puderam ser atribuídas ao Calcolítico. O...

Lead production had a great increase in the Roman world due not only to the large scale silver production but also to its use in public buildings, as plumbing in hydraulic systems, or in the manufacture of military weapons, as slingshots (glandes plumbeae). As a consequence, trade routes of lead and lead artefacts were widespread over the Roman wor...

The Phoenician arrival at Iberian coastal regions had an actual influence on indigenous technology. A collection of coeval metallurgical remains and artefacts was studied by EDXRF, micro-EDXRF, SEM–EDS and XRD, to identify certain features of the production and utilisation of metal in protohistoric Western Iberia. The composition of artefacts indic...

Sea surface temperatures (SSTs) were reconstructed from planktonic foraminiferal assemblages in two sediment cores off the NW Iberian Continental Margin for the last 40 kyr. Results of this work were compared with published SSTs estimated in six cores from the Iberian Margin and the δ18O data from NGRIP ice core of Greenland. Longitudinal and latit...

The Roman invasion introduces new alloys and metallurgical practices in Iberian Peninsula. The southwestern end of this region has many evidences of connections with the Roman World, but there are no studies about the manufacture and use of copper-based artefacts during this period. Therefore, a set of about 20 ornaments, tools and small attachment...

El reservorio de radiocarbono oceanico es deficitario en comparacion con el atmosferico y, como consecuencia, existe un desfase de 14C entre muestras equivalentes con carbono de procedencia marina y continental. Las edades radiocarbonicas de muestras contemporaneas, procedentes de ambos medios, conservan un registro de los reservorios pasados y de...

Storm record in chenier plains of Huelva estuary during the first centuries BC/AD. The inner area of the present Huelva estuary is formed by marshlands with sandy formations which record coastal barriers developed during the Late Holocene. The sandy barrier of La Cascajera, in the Saltés Island, is constituted by a tidal sand flat at the bottom ove...

The archaeological site of Moita da Ladra is an emblematic settlement located at Vila Franca de Xira (Portugal), occupied predominantly during the second half of the 3rd millennia BC (Chalcolithic period). The present study focuses on the chemical and microstructural characterization of selected artefacts and metallic nodules (metallurgical remains...

Aqueducts and public baths (balneae or thermae) are important architectural buildings developed by the Romans since the Republican period. These buildings had hydraulic systems usually made with lead plumbing pipes (fistulae). Lead pipes were manufactured by casting sheets of specific width, which were later sealed by joining the edges with a molte...

Purpose The main goal of this work was to determine the pyrogenic carbon (PyC) distribution in surficial sediments for the last 40 km of the Guadiana River (SW Iberian Peninsula). In addition, the changes in the contribution of terrestrial and marine organic matter (OM) sources and their relationship with the PyC contents were assessed. Materials a...

The elemental composition of a Late Bronze Age set of 3 bracelets and a spearhead recovered at Vale de Tijolos and Eira da Alorna (Almeirim, Portuguese Estremadura) was determined by micro energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. Artefacts are composed of binary bronze alloys (8,3-13,9 % tin) with reduced amount of impurities, such as lea...

The full excavation of the fortified Chalcolithic settlement of Moita da Ladra by one of us (J.L.C.) has shown the existence of a single archaeological layer corresponding to the occupation of the site during the second half of the 3rd millennium BC. Among the archaeological remains collected during the field campaigns there is a bead, with a spher...

The Iron Age diachrony of Castro Marim occupation has been established with the stratigraphic sequence and the materials recovered in the different levels. Based on these data we have already presented chronological proposals for the four phases, which we could also characterize in relation with architectural plans and with the archaeological mater...

Three sediment cores were collected at the muddy deposits extending along the Portuguese shelf adjacent to Douro, Tagus and Guadiana estuaries, to assess the influence of these large Iberian rivers on the coastal marine environment. The elemental composition (major, minor and trace elements) was determined in selected fractions of the sampled cores...

Several fragments of gold foils were recovered in a Bell Beaker context of Tomb 2 of Perdigões (Southern Portugal) dated to the third quarter of the 3 rd millennium BC. Most of the gold foils, having thicknesses between 40 and 200!m, were found in a very fragmentary state and present a shiny golden obverse while the reverse is invariably dull, sugg...

Tholos Centirã 2 is a megalithic monument consisting of a chamber, a short corridor and an atrium. Several primary and secondary burials were registered, some of them after the collapse of the false dome. Not decorated bell beaker pots, two stone wrist-guards, one bone button with a V shape hole and a Palmela point can be ascribed to the Late Chalc...

Um fragmento da pequena lápide com inscrições em caracteres do Sudoeste em ambas as faces, proveniente da Folha do Ranjão (Baleizão, Beja) e já publicado, foi completado, em parte, por um outro fragmento contíguo da mesma lápide, recentemente descoberto, o que permite confirmar algumas das inferências do primeiro estudo, além de se obter uma transc...