Antonio Jose Silva

Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro | utad · Departamento de Ciências do Desporto, Exercício e Saúde

We analyzed the influence of exercise order using the bench press and squat as the first or second exercise of the session on velocity performance. Ten male trained individuals (20.9 ± 0.7 years) randomly performed two protocols of three sets of six repetitions at 80% of their one-repetition maximum with different exercise sequences: the bench pres...

Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) models with Shapley additive explanation (SHAP) values allows multidimensional representation of movement performance interpreted on both global and local levels in terms understandable to human intuition. We aimed to evaluate the swimming performance (World Aquatics points) predictability of a combination...

The aim of this study was to conduct a scoping and bibliometric review of swimming articles related to race analysis. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were used to identify relevant studies. Articles on race analysis in swimming published between 1984 and December 31, 2023 were retrieved fro...

Applying data-reduction techniques to extract meaningful information from electronic performance and tracking systems (EPTS) has become a hot topic in football training load (TL) monitoring. The aim of this study was to reduce the dimensionality of the internal and external load measures, by a principal component approach, to describe and explain t...

Drag crisis has been described as a drop in the drag coefficient (Cd). This procedure was lately assessed in able-bodied cyclists in time trial position by computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the phenomenon of the drag crisis by computer fluid dynamics in transradial and transtibial amputee cyclists in...

This study aimed to: (i) present normative data of the variables related to the start in the four swim strokes by tier and sex, and; (ii) understand the relationship between the 15 th meter mark time and the final race time of the male and female swimmers competing in the four 50 m events at the 2021 European Championships. Participants were all ma...

The aim of this study was to analyze the agreement of the active drag coefficient measured through drag and propulsion methods. The sample was composed of 18 swimmers (nine boys: 15.9 ± 0.9 years; nine girls: 15.3 ± 1.2 years) recruited from a national swimming team. The velocity perturbation method was used as the drag measurement system and the A...

Background Smart technology, such as wearables, applied to sports analysis is essential for the performance enhancement. New technological equipment can promote the interaction between researchers, coaches, and athletes, facilitating the information exchange in real-time. Objective The aim of this study was to present a new wearable equipment (Sma...

Background Moderate to very large correlation between internal training load, external training load, and recovery status have been reported in elite youth football. However, little is known about subelite youth football training environments. Objective The purpose of this study was to assess the association between training load and recovery stat...

Background Positional data have been used to capture physical and tactical factors in football, however current research is now looking to apply spatiotemporal parameters from an integrative perspective. Thus, the aim of this article was to systematically review the published articles that integrate physical and tactical variables in football using...

Compensatory training sessions have been highlighted as useful strategies to solve the differential weekly training load between the players’ starting status. However, the influence of the players’ starting status is still understudied in sub-elite youth football. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare the weekly training load on a standard mic...

The aims of this study were 1) to analyze the influence of chronological age, relative age, and biological maturation on accumulated training load and perceived exertion in young sub-elite football players and 2) to understand the interaction effects amongst age grouping, maturation status, and birth quartiles on accumulated training load and perce...

Complex and dynamic systems are characterised by emergent behaviour, self-similarity, self-organisation and a chaotic component. In team sports as football, complexity and non-linear dynamics includes understanding the mechanisms underlying human movement and collective behaviour. Linear systems approaches in this kind of sports may limit performan...

The purpose of this study was to analyze the acute effects of a standardized water training ses-sion on the shoulder rotators strength and balance in age group swimmers, in order to under-stand whether a muscle-strengthening workout immediately after the water training is appropri-ate. A repeated measures design was implemented with two measurement...

Shoulder disorders in swimmers are a reality stated through numerous research papers. Therefore, shoulder injury prevention strategies will become unquestionably essential. With this chapter we intend to address the prevention strategies for shoulder disorders in swimmers, with a preliminary description of the key factors that have an effect on the...

The aim of this study was to: (1) analyze and compare the race performance and stability between the fastest and slowest male swimmers during the 50 m freestyle event, and; (2) to understand the speed-time relationship in this race. The performances (start, clean swim, and finish) of 86 swimmers (divided into two tiers: best and poorest performance...

Introduction: In youth swimming, researchers are interested in understanding how anthropometry and parameters related to swimming technique (biomechanics, energetics, and efficiency) influence the performance. However, there is not any review in the literature that consolidates the body of knowledge of this topic. The objective of this study was to...

The aim of this study was to: (1) verify differences between swimmers of the same competitive level in variables related to the start and finish (50 m and 100 m freestyle); (2) verify if starting and finish variables are responsible for faster race time, and which starting variables are responsible for the start performance in such events. For the...

The purpose of this study was to analyze the acute effects of a standardized water training session on the shoulder rotators strength and balance in age group swimmers, in order to understand whether a muscle-strengthening workout immediately after the water training is appropriate. A repeated measures design was implemented with two measurements p...

The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of swimming goggles on swimming hydrodynamics by numerical simulations. An elite swimmer volunteered for this research. The swimmer’s head was scanned both without goggles, and while wearing 3 different types of goggles (Nikko, Ankor and Swedish). Numerical simulations were conducted at 2 m/s with the...

The aim of this study was to analyze the association between coaches’ experience and their perceptions on the implementation of a long-term athletic development (LTAD) model created in 2016 by the Portuguese Swimming Federation. Eighty-six swimming coaches were assembled in groups according to their experience level: “novice” (n = 24), “intermediat...

Citation: Teixeira, J.E.; Forte, P.; Ferraz, R.; Leal, M.; Ribeiro, J.; Silva, A.J.; Barbosa, T.M.; Monteiro, A.M. Quantifying Sub-Elite Youth Football Weekly Training Load and Recovery Variation. Appl. Sci. 2021, 11, 4871.

Monitoring training and match load provides important insights about individual responses and fatigue-recovery status. Growing use of wearable sensors, devices and electronics in team sports as Football has allowed a most quick control of training and match demands. Following the Preferred Reporting Item for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PR...

1) Background: Training load monitoring has become a relevant research-practice gap to control training and match demands in team sports. However, there are no systematic reviews about accumulated training and match load in football. (2) Methods: Following the preferred reporting item for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA), a systematic...

Review question / Objective: The purpose of this systematic review conducted in the topic of professional adult and youth football was three-folded: (1) analyse intra and inter-individual accumulative training load distribution within week (micro-cycle), weeks (mesocycle) and/or season phases; (2) analyse the intra and inter-individual accumulative...

This study aimed to analyze the relationship between perceived aquatic competence (PAC) and real aquatic competence (RAC) in 6 to 10 year old children in skills identified as relevant for surviving an aquatic accident. The study sample consisted of 105 children (8.2 + 1.3 years old). Two age groups were examined separately [G1, 6 to 7 years (n = 53...

The main aim of this study was to compare the start, turn, and finish performance of 100 m and 200 m events in the four swimming strokes in elite swimmers of both sexes. The performances of all 128 finalists (64 males and 64 females) of the 100 m, and 200 m events at a major championship were analyzed. A set of variables related to the start, turn,...

Background: Swimming relay events have the concern regarding a good start is shared between the incoming and outgoing swimmers. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in exchange block time (EBT) for swimming relay events as a result of a four-week training programme using the occlusion technique. Methods: Twenty-eight national swimmers,...

This study aimed to identify potential predictors of 200 m front crawl performance at the winter season peak based on the anthropometric, physiological and biomechanical domains. Twelve expert male swimmers completed an incremental 7 × 200 m step test immediately after their most important winter competitions. Measurements were made of: (i) height,...

Purpose: The aims of this study were to classify, identify and follow-up young swimmers’ performance and its biomechanical determinants during two competitive seasons (in seven different moments of assessment—M), and analyze the individual variations of each swimmer. Method: Thirty young swimmers (14 boys: 12.70 ± 0.63 years-old; 16 girls: 11.72 ±...

Obesity represents a public health challenge, and dietary interventions to prevent or treat Obesity rely on the ability to accurately determine daily energy requirements - which are based on measures of total energy expenditure. Several prediction equations to estimate resting metabolic rate (RMR) have been developed, however, the validity of these...

Introduction: Our paper concern two fundamental pillars to face obesity in adolescence- nutrition education and the phenomenon of human variability, namely in the biological and behavior dimension. Objectives: Assessment of the impact of an innovate school-based nutrition education program (OBESIDATA); the multivariate study of the anthropometric p...

Competitive swimmers usually undergo large mileage of daily training, in which propulsive force is produced mainly by the upper limbs. Some studies claim that dry-land shoulder rotators injury prevention programs before the in-water swim practice are paramount. However, the effect of shoulder strengthening prior to water training is unclear. This s...

Although performance and biomechanical evaluations are becoming more swimming-specific, dryland testing permits monitoring of a larger number of performance-related variables. However, as the degree of comparability of measurements conducted in-water and on land conditions is unclear, we aimed to assess the differences between force production in t...

Introduction: Adolescence is one of the most complex transitions in the life span. It is characterized by changes in body composition, dietary intake, physical activity and sedentary behavior. Anthropometry is of special importance during this period as it allows the monitoring and assessment of the changes in growth and maturation. Additionally...

Ensuring children’s coherent global motor development, which depends on relevant and diversified motor experiences that are suitable to children’s age and are promoted in stimulating environments, is imperative. Swimming constitutes one of the most commonly practiced sports with this aim across several countries, taught as a part of general educati...

Background: Poor eating habits are closely related to the increase of overweight and obesity. Therefore, it is essential to provide nutrition education, especially to children and adolescents, so they can develop long-term healthy eating habits. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to summarize the evidence of the impact of school programs usi...

The purpose of this study was to learn the interplay between dry-land strength and conditioning, and stroke biomechanics in young swimmers, during a 34-week training programme. Twenty-seven swimmers (overall: 13.33 ± 0.85 years old; 11 boys: 13.5 ± 0.75 years old; 16 girls: 13.2 ± 0.92 years old) competing at regional- and national-level competitio...

Introduction: Dry-land training programs that focus on preventing shoulder rotators injuries are essential for swimmers. Normally, training routines comprise strength programs before (Batalha et al., 2015) or after (Ramsi et al, 2004) the swimming session. However, it is unclear if one swimming session will induce fatigue and impair muscle strength...

The aim of this study was to determine if the countermovement jump could predict swimming starts performance. Ten elite swimmers performed one maximal countermovement jump on an extensometric force platform and three maximal track start on an instrumented starting block. Results showed an inverse relationship between 15 m starting time and jump var...

The papers published in this book of abstracts / proceedings were submitted to the Scientific Commission of the International Congress of Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences & Human Development, held on 11 and 12 November 2016, at the University of Évora, Évora, Portugal, under the topic of Exercise and Health, Sports and Human Deve...

The objective of this study was to analyse the changes on gross motor development after five (T5), ten (T10) and 30 (T30) months of swimming or soccer practice. The study sample consists of 33 preschool-aged boys (4.8±0.5 yrs.): 11 soccer practitioners; 11 swimming practitioners; 11 controls (no previous involvement in sports). The Test of Gross Mo...

The aim was to compare the passive drag-gliding underwater by a numerical simulation and an analytical procedure. An Olympic swimmer was scanned by computer tomography and modelled gliding at a 0.75-m depth in the streamlined position. Steady-state computer fluid dynamics (CFD) analyses were performed on Fluent. A set of analytical procedures was s...

It may seem redundant to address Sport as a development trigger but, sometimes, redundancy is necessary for someone to be heard. The commanding voices of Philosophy in the XXth century take sciences as trivial, by expressing the notion that Science has nothing to do with the ontological and metaphysical statutes of men. What is at stake is too much...

The aims of this study were to assess over a full season: (i) the effect of a combined dry-land strength and conditioning and in-water program on the swimming performance of young swimmers; (ii) the effect of such program on the performance determinants; (iii) the effect of the training periodization designed. A longitudinal research design assessi...

The aim of this study was to analyse the stability of the breaststroke technique in five elite swimmers in a 200m event using a qualitative analysis. The codification of the behaviour of each swimmer during the execution of 20 cycles was achieved using an ad hoc observational instrument comprised of a system of categories and field formats to detec...

Purpose: The aims of this study were: (i) develop a performance predictor model based on the swimmers' biomechanical profile; (ii) relate the partial contribution of the main predictors with the training program and; (iii) analyze the time effect, sex effect and time X sex interaction. Methods: Ninety one swimmers (44 boys: 12.04 ± 0.81 years-ol...

Introduction Cardiac output increases during incremental-load exercise to meet metabolic skeletal muscle demand. This response requires a fast adjustment in heart rate and stroke volume. The heart rate is well known to increase linearly with exercise load; however, data for stroke volume during incremental-load exercise are unclear. Our objectives...

The aim of this study was to compute a swimming performance confirmatory model based on biomechanical parameters. The sample included 100 young swimmers (overall: 12.3 ± 0.74 years; 49 boys: 12.5 ± 0.76 years; 51 girls: 12.2 ± 0.71 years; both genders in Tanner stages 1-2 by self-report) participating on a regular basis in regional and national-lev...

The purpose of the study was to analyze the relationships between sprint swimming performance, dry-land strength power and kinematics in master swimmers. Twenty-two male master swimmers were separated in two groups based on their chronological age: (i) 30-39 years and; (ii) 40-49 years. Maximum dry-land strength power was determined through counter...

The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between the type of passion, goal orientation, and performance in swimming athletes. Therefore, 115 swimmers participated in this study (n = 115), of both genders (65 male and 50 female), aged between 13 and 25 years (M = 15.55; SD = 2.30), participants in FINA's competitions in four competitive...

O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver um modelo de crescimento latente da performance e dos fatores biomecânicos em nadadores jovens durante uma época desportiva. Foram sujeitos a avaliação 14 rapazes (12.33 ± 0.65 anos) e 16 raparigas (11.15 ± 0.55 anos). A performance, a frequência gestual, a flutuação intracíclica da velocidade, a eficiência p...

A atividade física proporciona benefícios para a saúde e qualidade de vida de mulheres idosas. Ainda são escassos os estudos longitudinais em mulheres idosas com duração superior a um ano de prática de exercício físico. Assim o objetivo do estudo foi analisar os efeitos de três anos de treino multicomponente na capacidade funcional de mulheres idos...

During the repeated execution of the swimming strokes, the shoulder adductor and internal rotator muscles have a tendency to become proportionally stronger when compared to their antagonist group. This can lead to muscle imbalances. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of a compensatory training programme on the strength and balance of...

The aim of this study was to analyze the relationships between the angular kinematic pattern of head-out aquatic exercise sailor jigs " at increasing musical rhythm. Six young women with at least one year of experience conducting this type of head-out aquatic programs were evaluated. The exercise was recorded on video, in frontal plane, using two c...

Foi objetivo deste estudo descrever o nível de desenvolvimento motor global de crianças do 1º ciclo do ensino básico, com e sem experiência prévia em programas de ensino da natação. A amostra foi constituída por 140 crianças portuguesas do 1º ao 4º ano de escolaridade: 53 crianças sem experiência em programas aquáticos; e 87 crianças com histórico...

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) plays an important role to quantify, understand and "observe" the water movements around the human body and its effects on drag (D). We aimed to investigate the flow effects around the swimmer and to compare the drag and drag coefficient (CD) values obtained from experiments (using cable velocimetry in a swimming...

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This study was designed to analyze upper extremity and core muscle activation performing push-ups under different stability conditions and body positions. Trained university male students (n= 29) performed 3 push-ups each under stable conditions and using suspension device (AirFit Trainer ProTM) with their hands at 2 different heights (i.e., 10 and...