Antonio Sanhueza

• Ph.D
• Pan American Health Organization (PAHO)

Background Traffic accidents (TA) remain a significant global public health concern, impacting low—and middle-income countries. This study aimed to describe the trend in TA mortality and inequalities in Ecuador for 2011–2022, distributed by year, gender, age group, geographical location, type of accident, and social inequalities. Methods An ecolog...

Background The work of the WHO Commission on the Social Determinants of Health has been fundamental to provide a conceptual framework of the social determinants of health. Based on this framework, this study assesses the relationship of income inequality as a determinant of neonatal mortality in the Americas and relates it to the achievement of the...

Background According to WHO data, traffic accidents caused 1,282,150 deaths globally in 2019, with a projection to become the fifth leading cause of mortality by 2030, highlighting significant public and economic health impacts. This study aimed to describe the trends in traffic accidents mortality in Ecuador between 2011 and 2022, by year, gender,...

Background Cholangiohydatidosis (CH) is an evolutionary complication of hepatic cystic echinococcosis, associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to describe the available evidence regarding clinical characteristics of CH, postoperative complications and hospital mortality. Methodology/Principal findings Systemati...

Objective To analyze temporal trends and inequalities in neonatal mortality between 2000 and 2020, and to set neonatal mortality targets for 2025 and 2030 in the Americas. Methods A descriptive ecological study was conducted using 33 countries of the Americas as units of analysis. Both the percentage change and average annual percentage change in...

Objective To examine the homicide trends among young people (10–24 years), adolescents (10–19 years), and young adults (20–24 years) in 33 countries in the Americas between 2000 and 2019, with a focus on inequalities between countries in the burden of homicides. Methods An ecological study was performed using estimated deaths from 33 countries. Ag...

Background Although most Latin American and the Caribbean (LAC) countries made important progress in maternal and child health indicators from the 1990s up to 2010, little is known about such progress in the last decade. This study aims at documenting progress for each country as a whole, and to assess how within-country socioeconomic inequalities...

Background The enduring threat of maternal mortality to health worldwide and in the Americas has been recognized in the global and regional agendas and their targets to 2030. To inform the direction and amount of effort needed to meet those targets, a set of equity-sensitive regional scenarios of maternal mortality ratio (MMR) reduction based on it...

Background: Latin America and the Caribbean present the second highest adolescent fertility rate in the world, only after sub-Saharan Africa, and have reached the third position globally in the incidence of motherhood in adolescence. We aimed to explore trends and inequities in adolescent childbearing in the region. Methods: We used nationally r...

Background: Violent deaths (i.e., those due to road traffic injury, homicide, and suicide) are among the most important causes of premature and preventable mortality in young people. This study aimed at exploring inequalities in violent death across income levels between males and females aged 10 to 24 years from the Americas in 2015, the SDG base...

The Every Woman Every Child Latin America and the Caribbean (EWEC-LAC) initiative was established in 2017 as a regional inter-agency mechanism. EWEC-LAC coordinates the regional implementation of the Global Strategy for Women’s, Children’s and Adolescents’ Health in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), including adaptation to region specific need...

La iniciativa Todas las Mujeres Todos los Niños América Latina y el Caribe (EWEC-LAC, por su sigla en inglés) se estableció en el 2017 como un mecanismo interinstitucional regional. Coordina la implementación regional de la Estrategia Mundial para la Salud de la Mujer, el Niño y el Adolescente 2016-2030 en América Latina y el Caribe (ALC), lo que i...

Background Afrodescendants are systematically affected by discrimination in the Americas and few multi-country studies addressed ethnic inequalities in health and wellbeing in the region. We aimed to investigate gaps in coverage of key health outcomes and socioeconomic inequalities between Afrodescendants and non-Afrodescendants populations in Lati...

Objectives: Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) countries have made important progress towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) targets related to health (SDG3) at the national level. However, vast within-country health inequalities remain. We present a baseline of health inequalities in the region, against which progress towards...

Objectives Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) countries have made important progress towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) targets related to health (SDG3) at the national level. However, vast within-country health inequalities remain. We present a baseline of health inequalities in the region, against which progress towards t...

Objectives. To present a methodology for the simultaneous setting of quantitative targets that reflect both an improvement in the national average of an indicator for Sustainable Development Goal 3 (SDG3), as well as a reduction in its geographic inequality. Methods. A five-step algorithm was developed: (a) calculate the national average annual per...

Objetivos . Describir cuantitativamente el riesgo relativo, la tendencia y la desigualdad geográfica del suicidio en adolescentes y jóvenes entre las regiones de Chile, en el periodo 2000 al 2017. Métodos . Estudio ecológico poblacional a partir de los registros de defunciones por suicidio. Se estimaron tasas de mortalidad y riesgos relativos (RR)...

Introduction In the Americas, almost half of road traffic deaths occur among motorcycle users and pedestrians (23% and 22%, respectively). Recent individual country trends show that nations are experiencing changes in deaths depending on the mode of transport used. While national trends are useful, analyses of disaggregated data by sex and age may...

Objetivos. Presentar una metodología para la formulación simultánea de metas cuantitativas que reflejen tanto la mejoría del promedio nacional de un indicador del tercer Objetivo de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS3) como la reducción de su desigualdad geográfica. Métodos. Se definió un algoritmo en cinco pasos: a) cálculo del cambio porcentual anual pro...

Objective: To describe health and social inequalities in maternal and child health indicators defined in Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3.1 and SDG 3.2 targets based on administrative data among the departments of Paraguay in 2017. Methods: Quantitative descriptive study with ecological design. Simple gap measures and complex gradient measur...

Objetivo. Describir el comportamiento y las desigualdades sociales en indicadores priorizados del Objetivo de Desarrollo Sostenible 3 (ODS-3) entre subpoblaciones y departamentos de Bolivia. Métodos. Se realizó un análisis del comportamiento de indicadores seleccionados del ODS-3 en el tiempo. Además, se llevó a cabo un estudio de desigualdades soc...

Background Shigellosis is the second leading cause of diarrheal death globally. The global burden has been complicated by the emergence of Shigella strains resistant to first line antibiotic treatments such as ciprofloxacin. This study aims to describe the epidemiologic distribution of the most common Shigella species, and their antimicrobial susce...

Background The rise in contraceptive use has largely been driven by short-acting methods of contraception, despite the high effectiveness of long-acting reversible contraceptives. Several countries in Latin America and the Caribbean have made important progress increasing the use of modern contraceptives, but important inequalities remain. We asses...

RESUMEN Objetivo Recabar y ofrecer información a quienes toman decisiones en los programas de salud en general, y de salud mental en particular, sobre las características epidemiológicas del suicidio de jóvenes y adolescentes ecuatorianos. Método Se realizó un estudio ecológico transversal con datos de los registros de mortalidad por suicidio de...

Research in methodological quality (MQ) of prognosis studies (PS) is relevant in view of the important number of studies developed in this scenario. However, currently there are no instruments designed to measure MQ in PS, thus the aim of this study was to validate a scale to determine the MQ in PS. Scale validation study. Two independent researche...

Research in diagnostic accuracy studies (DAS) is a rapidly developing area in medicine, but there are only three instruments used in this scenario. The aim of this study was to design and validate a scale to determine methodological quality (MQ) of DAS. Scale validation study. A systematic literature review about the MQ of diagnostic accuracy studi...

Objective This study set out to describe the association between the maternal mortality ratio (MMR) estimates and a set of socioeconomic indicators and compute the MMR inequalities among the provinces of Ecuador. Methods A cross-sectional ecological study was conducted, using data for 2014 from the country’s 24 provinces. The MMR estimate was calc...

The aim of this study is to describe the trends of transport accident mortality in Chile from 2000 to 2012 by year, geographic distribution, gender, age group, and type of accident. Population-based study. Data for transport accident mortality in Chile between 2000 and 2012 were used. The crude and adjusted per region transport accident mortality r...

Background: Data on maternal deaths occurring after the 42 days postpartum reference time is scarce; the objective of this analysis is to explore the trend and magnitude of late maternal deaths and deaths from sequelae of obstetric causes in the Americas between 1999 and 2013, and to recommend including these deaths in the monitoring of the Sustai...

The online version of the original article can be found at http:// dx. doi. org/ 10. 1186/ s12888-015-0632-5. After publication of this work [1], we noted that the given order of the authors was incorrect. The list of authors has now been corrected in the original article, and both the corrected and original lists are reported below. We apologize f...

Background: Homicide, an external cause of morbidity and mortality, caused 473,000 deaths worldwide in 2012, a rate of 6.2 per 100,000 inhabitants. The aim of this study was to describe homicide mortality trends in Chile between 2000 and 2012 by year, gender, age group, geographic distribution (by zone and by region) and type of homicide. Methods...

Caries continue to be a public health problem, due to their high prevalence and their severe effect on people. Currently in Chile, adding fluoride to water and milk are public health measures to prevent caries that are distributed in urban and rural areas respectively. Scientific evidence supports the availability of fluoride in saliva and bacteria...

The epidemic development of obesity threatens the world's population, registering alarming rates of children who, depending on the age when developed, have a 25% to 75% chance of being obese in adulthood. This problem is especially important in Chile, which has the highest prevalence level in South America. The impact of obesity on emotional health...

The epidemic development of obesity threatens the world's population, registering alarming rates of children who, depending on the age when developed, have a 25% to 75% chance of being obese in adulthood. This problem is especially important in Chile, which has the highest prevalence level in South America. The impact of obesity on emotional health...

El desarrollo de la sexualidad es imprescindible para lograr un estado de salud integral en un individuo. El sistema estomatognático participa activamente en el desarrollo pleno y armónico de ésta, por lo que patologías como la caries dental y enfermedad periodontal, y la consecuente pérdida de dientes afectan el aspecto físico, psicológico y socia...

The development of sexuality is essential to achieve an integral health state in the individual. The stomatognathic system is actively involved in the full and harmonious development of the person, so diseases such as dental caries and periodontal disease and subsequent tooth loss affect the physical, psychological and social aspect of the patient....

In industrial statistics, there is great interest in predicting with precision lifetimes of specimens that operate under stress. For example, a bad estimation of the lower percentiles of a life distribution can produce significant monetary losses to organizations due to an excessive amount of warranty claims. The Birnbaum–Saunders distribution is u...

In experimental studies the outcome variable is measured at initial time, usually called "baseline", and then in several times called "follow-up" measurement(s). The study question of interest in an experimental study is whether there is a significant difference effect between treatment and comparison group, after intervention. In addition, one wan...

Background: Suicide is an important public health problem accounting for an important proportion of deaths in Chile. Aim: To describe trends in suicide mortality in Chile between 1998 and 2011, by year, region, sex and age. Material and Methods: A population survey study was conducted using suicide mortality data of Chile from 1998 to 2011, provide...

Background: Suicide is an important public health problem accounting for an important proportion of deaths in Chile. Aim: To describe trends in suicide mortality in Chile between 1998 and 2011, by year, region, sex and age. Material and Methods: A population survey study was conducted using suicide mortality data of Chile from 1998 to 2011, provide...

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of morphological patterns of gingival recession, attachment loss, and type of interdental papilla in adult subjects of different age in a Chilean population. A total of 105 patients with ages ranging from 18 to 64 years of both sexes participated in our study. The prevalence of gingival recessio...

Ruta graveolens, is a native plant of the Eastern Mediterranean and the South Western area of Asia. From this plant, more than 120 chemical compounds have been isolated. In a previous study in our laboratory, we observed that an aqueous extract of R. graveolens, caused necrosis and morphological alterations suggestive of apoptosis on the liver of W...

To examine suicide mortality trends among young people (10-24 years of age(1)) in selected countries and territories of the Americas. An ecological study was conducted using a time series of suicide mortality data from 19 countries and one territory in the Region of the Americas from 2001 to 2008, comprising 90.3% of the regional population. The an...

Introduction: The methodological quality (MQ) is a complex multidimensional concept that assesses multiple items as design, methodology and analysis. There are few tools to assess MQ of studies in the field of therapy and these are also partially validated. The aim of this study is to determine the intra and inter observer reliability of the MINCIR...

Introduction: The methodological quality (MQ) is a complex multidimensional concept that assesses multiple items as design, methodology and analysis. There are few tools to assess MQ of studies in the field of therapy and these are also partially validated. The aim of this study is to determine the intra and inter observer reliability of the MINCIR...

Injuries, disabilities and deaths among motorcyclists have been rising worldwide but what is happening in the American Continent is not completely known. Deaths from motorcycle crashes of the Pan American Health Organization database (PAHO/WHO, 1998-2010) were included in an ecologic multi-national study to quantify the temporal trends and to estim...

The Birnbaum-Saunders distribution describes failure times of material specimens exposed to fatigue due to cyclic stress. In the present paper, we introduce a new version of this distribution, which, such as occurs with the classical version proposed by Birnbaum \& Saunders, is based on the asymptotic normality of a sum of random variables. However...

Breathable air is a gas mixture made up of 78 % nitrogen, 21 % oxygen, and 1 % carbon dioxide and other gases such as argon, radon, and xenon (Pani 2007). Atmospheric contamination is the presence in the air of substances that change its chemical and physical characteristics. Air pollution derives primarily from fossil fuel combustion products that...

The scope of this study was to describe the magnitude and distribution of deaths by homicide in the Americas and to analyze the prevailing trends. Deaths by homicide (X85 to Y09 and Y35) were analyzed in 32 countries of the Americas Region from 1999 to 2009, recorded in the Mortality Information System/Pan American Health Organization. A negative b...

The scope of this study was to describe the magnitude and distribution of deaths by homicide in the Americas and to analyze the prevailing trends. Deaths by homicide (X85 to Y09 and Y35) were analyzed in 32 countries of the Americas Region from 1999 to 2009, recorded in the Mortality Information System/Pan American Health Organization. A negative b...

To describe the current situation and trends in mortality due to cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the Americas and explore their association with economic indicators. This time series study analysed mortality data from 21 countries in the region of the Americas from 2000 to the latest available year. Age-adjusted death rates, annual variation in dea...

In this article, we study Birnbaum–Saunders distributions based on the Johnson system including the case of a location-scale model. We mainly focus our attention on a four-parameter Birnbaum–Saunders distribution, since it contains all the versions presented here as particular cases. We describe structural aspects of this distribution considering i...

The aim of this study was to investigate whether there are significant differences in cervical posture in adolescent subjects with a different skeletal class. Twenty-eight adolescent subjects (21 boys and 7 girls, average age of 13.6 years, SD±3.2) who were admitted for orthodontic treatment were included in this study. Selection criteria were as f...

The aim of this study was to investigate whether there are significant differences in cervical posture in adolescent subjects with a different skeletal class. Twenty-eight adolescent subjects (21 boys and 7 girls, average age of 13.6 years, SD±3.2) who were admitted for orthodontic treatment were included in this study. Selection criteria were as f...

La palabra torus proviene del latín que significa tumor o protuberancia circular, el cual no es considerado una condición patológica. Se examinaron un total de 159 pacientes al azar en las clínicas odontológicas de la Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco para determinar la prevalencia de exostosis en la población. A estos pacientes se les aplicó una...

The torus comes from Latin word that means circular prominence or tumor and which is not considered like a pathological condition. 159 patients were evaluated randomly in the dental clinics of Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, to determine the prevalence of exostoses on this population. These patients filled a tab in order to relate this conditio...

Objective: To determine the prevalence and distribution of gingivitis and its relation with socioeconomic, biological and local factors in Chilean children of 4 years-old. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was performed in pre-school children of 4 years old attended in Calbuco Hospital, Los Lagos Region, Chile. The sample consisted of 102 childr...

Objective: To determine the prevalence and distribution of gingivitis and its relation with socioeconomic, biological and local factors in Chilean children of 4 years-old. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was performed in pre-school children of 4 years old attended in Calbuco Hospital, Los Lagos Region, Chile. The sample consisted of 102 childr...

Knowledge about a number of public health problems is gathered mainly from mortality statistics, which traditionally have provided the highest–quality and highest–coverage information about health available in many countries. The quality of mortality data in the Region of the Americas has improved in recent years, as national vital statistics syst...

The lack of validated cephalometric parameters in the pediatric population of our region to learn craniofacial development, there is a need to know approximate measurements of different patterns that present in the child population. The present study of cross-sectional cephalometric measurements in five-year-old children, which was performed with a...

In this paper, we introduce a new class of skew-symmetric distributions which are formulated based on cumulative distributions of skew-symmetric densities. This new class is an extension of other skew-symmetric distributions that have already been studied. We give special attention to a family from this class that could be seen as an extension ofth...

Introduction: Our team reported the development of a scale for assessing methodological quality in prognostic papers (scale MinCir Pr). The aim of this paper is to report the process of validation of scale MinCir Pr. Material and Methods: We reviewed 121 papers about prognosis. Score was performed according to the scale MinCir Pr and level of evide...

The purpose of this study (cross sectional and descriptive) was to determine the prevalence of dental agenesis (hypodontia) in children with mixed dentition attending the teaching assistant dental clinics at the Universidad de La Frontera, 2009. We examined 307 children between 6 and 11 years, who met the inclusion criteria. The prevalence of agene...

The lack of validated cephalometric parameters in the pediatric population of our region to learn craniofacial development, there is a need to know approximate measurements of different patterns that present in the child population. The present study of cross-sectional cephalometric measurements in five-year-old children, which was performed with a...

The purpose of this study (cross sectional and descriptive) was to determine the prevalence of dental agenesis (hypodontia) in children with mixed dentition attending the teaching assistant dental clinics at the Universidad de La Frontera, 2009. We examined 307 children between 6 and 11 years, who met the inclusion criteria. The prevalence of agene...

Introduction: Our team reported the development of a scale for assessing methodological quality in prognostic papers (scale MinCir Pr). The aim of this paper is to report the process of validation of scale MinCir Pr. Material and Methods: We reviewed 121 papers about prognosis. Score was performed according to the scale MinCir Pr and level of evide...

In this article, we perform statistical inference on a skew model that belongs to a class of distributions proposed by Fernández and Steel (1998). Specifically, we introduce two ways to represent this model by means of which moments and generation of random numbers can be obtained. In addition, we carry out estimation of the model parameters by mom...

Introduction: Despite the methodological quality (MQ) of scientifi c publications is a multidimensional concept diffi cult to understand, their evaluation is essential at the time of making decisions that support our clinical practice. However, in the fi eld of diagnostic tests (DT), which is in a steady and rapid development, there are no valid an...

Introduction: Despite the methodological quality (MQ) of scientific publications is a multidimensional concept difficult to understand, their evaluation is essential at the time of making decisions that support our clinical practice. However, in the field of diagnostic tests (DT), which is in a steady and rapid development, there are no valid and r...

The face is the main symbol of identity which defines us as individuals as well as in the process of interpersonal contacts. Metric characteristics contributed by craniometry allow us to characterize crania and faces by means of indexes. A craniometric study was carried out in 32 crania of adult subjects of both sexes. Facial diameters were measure...

The face is the main symbol of identity which defines us as individuals as well as in the process of interpersonal contacts. Metric characteristics contributed by craniometry allow us to characterize crania and faces by means of indexes. A craniometric study was carried out in 32 crania of adult subjects of both sexes. Facial diameters were measure...

In this paper, we consider three different mixture models based on the Birnbaum–Saunders (BS) distribution, viz., (1) mixture of two different BS distributions, (2) mixture of a BS distribution and a length-biased version of another BS distribution, and (3) mixture of a BS distribution and its length-biased version. For all these models, we study t...

In this article, we introduce a mixture inverse Gaussian (MIG) model based on the Student-t distribution and apply it to bacterium-based protein production for food industry. This model is mainly useful to describe data that follow positively skewed distributions and accommodate atypical observations in a better way than its classical version. Spec...

The pathology associated with the formation, development and eruption of third molars is one of the most frequent reasons for dental consults. Several authors agree that the third molar is the most frequent inclusion tooth, there is however, disagreement about the influence of environmental and racial factors that explain this condition. It is know...

The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions at the Hernan Henríquez Aravena Hospital in the city of Temuco Chile. Method: The sample consisted of 300 patients aged over 20 years, examined in the same hospital (confidence interval 95%). Results: The prevalence of oral mucosal lesions was 66%. The most prevalent...

The pathology associated with the formation, development and eruption of third molars is one of the most frequent reasons for dental consults. Several authors agree that the third molar is the most frequent inclusion tooth, there is however, disagreement about the influence of environmental and racial factors that explain this condition. It is know...

In this article, we study the behavior of the coefficient of variation (CV) of a random variable that follows a symmetric distribution in the real line. Specifically, we estimate this coefficient using the maximum-likelihood (ML) method. In addition, we provide asymptotic inference for this parameter, which allows us to contrast hypothesis and cons...

The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions at the Hernan Henriquez Aravena Hospital in the city of Temuco Chile. Method: The sample consisted of 300 patients aged over 20 years, examined in the same hospital (confidence interval 95%). Results: The prevalence of oral mucosal lesions was 66%. The most prevalent...

In this article, we introduce, characterize and apply an extended version of the Birnbaum–Saunders model based on the Mudolkar–Hutson skew distribution. This model is appropriated for describing phenomena involving accumulation of some type, as is the case of environmental contamination. Specifically, we find the density, distribution function, and...

In this paper, we introduce a new class of mixture models based on the inverse Gaussian distribution, which is highly flexible and contains several well-known probability models. The new class of models is generated from symmetric distributions around zero by using the connection between the inverse Gaussian and standard normal distributions. We il...

The purpose of the present study was to quantify the frequency of self-inspection by patients in the Araucania Region and their knowledge about the normal state of the oral mucosa. The sample consisted of 300 patients aged over 20 years, examined in the Hernán Henríquez Aravena Hospital in the city of Temuco (confidence interval 95%). To evaluate t...

This article presents a new family of logarithmic distributions to be called the sinh mixture inverse Gaussian model and its associated life distribution referred as the extended mixture inverse Gaussian model. Specifically, the density, distribution function, and moments are developed for the sinh mixture inverse Gaussian distribution. Next, the e...

The aim of this study was to determine if intrabiliary rupture (IBR), an evolutive complication of hepatic echinococcosis (HE), is a risk factor for developing postoperative morbidity (POM). This was a concurrent cohort study that included patients operated on for HE between 1996 and 2006 and who had clinical check-ups at 1, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, and...

In this article, we introduce a skewed version of the sinh-normal distribution and discuss some of its properties. In addition, we characterize an extension of the Birnbaum–Saunders model associated with this distribution from a probabilistic viewpoint along with a lifetime analysis based on its hazard rate. Finally, one of the proposed models is a...

In the multivariate nonlinear regression model, parameter estimators and test statistics based on least squares and maximum likelihood methods are usually nonrobust. For this type of models, we introduce M-estimators and M-tests, which are robust to departures from normality. In addition, we study the asymptotic properties and consider a computa- t...