Antonio J. Jara

• PhD, MBA
• CSO at Libelium

Internet of Things (IoT) requires advanced Cybersecurity features to satisfy the newly proposed Cyber Resilience Act (CRA) in the context of satisfying the Network and Information Security 2 Directive (NIS2). This work is supported by INCIBE (Spanish National Institute for Cybersecurity) illustrates how the CRA proposal integrates with other EU cyb...

Time series sensor data classification tasks often suffer from training data scarcity issue due to the expenses associated with the expert-intervened annotation efforts. For example, Electrocardiogram (ECG) data classification for cardio-vascular disease (CVD) detection requires expensive labeling procedures with the help of cardiologists. Current...

In this paper, we propose AFSense-ECG, an intelligence-embedded single lead ECG sensor that is enabled with the ability of accurate detection of Atrial Fibrillation (AF) condition, which is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia and increased risk of stroke is higher with sub-clinical AF patients. AFSense-ECG acts like an early-warning sensor...

Crowd monitoring was an essential measure to deal with over-tourism problems in urban destinations in the pre-COVID era. It will play a crucial role in the pandemic scenario when restarting tourism and making destinations safer. Notably, a Destination Management Organisation (DMO) of a smart destination needs to deploy a technological layer for cro...

Wind energy has become a major source of power generation in recent years. This fact, along with the growing expectations for future decades, makes the study of renewable generation systems based on wind energy a subject of great importance for engineers from different disciplines. Although there are numerous research articles that deal with the te...

The average life expectancy of the world’s population is increasing and the healthcare systems sooner than later will be compromised by its reduced capacity and its highly economic cost; in addition, the age distribution of the population is leading towards the older spectrum. This trend will lead to immeasurable and unexpected economic problems an...

Future 5G networks are characterized by three basic ideas: enhanced mobile broadband communications, massive machine-type communications, and ultra-low-latency communications. Any of these requirements needs, to be fulfilled, the implementation of high-efficiency technologies at all levels. This includes some of the costliest mechanisms in terms of...

Deep Neural Networks (DNN) have been successfully used to perform classification and regression tasks, particularly in computer vision based applications. Recently, owing to the widespread deployment of Internet of Things (IoT), we identify that the classification tasks for time series data, specifically from different sensors are of utmost importa...

This special issue (SI) aims to present recent advances in the design and analysis of communication interfaces for Industry 4.0. The Industry 4.0 paradigm aims to integrate advanced manufacturing techniques with Industrial Internet-of-Things (IIoT) to create an agile digital manufacturing ecosystem. The main goal is to instrument production process...

Microgrids present the challenge to reach a proper balance between local production and consumption, in order to reduce the usage of energy from external sources. This work presents a data-intensive solution to predict the energy behaviors. Thereby, control actions can be carried out such as decrease heating systems levels and switch of low-priorit...

The advent of artificial intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), powerful computational hardwares like graphics processing units, affordable sensing devices like smart bands, wearables, smartphones pave ways for large number of useful and intelligent applications hitherto never commonly envisaged. However, it is felt that applications, which p...

Creating smart tourism destinations requires innovative solutions which cover the main pillars of sustainability as sociocultural, environmental, and economic aspects, in order to spread the cultural heritage of these tourist destinations to their visitors. One of the most demanded approaches by the new hyper-connected visitors is the expectation o...

Remote and automated healthcare management has shown the prospective to significantly impact the future of human prognosis rate. Internet of Things (IoT) enables the development and implementation ecosystem to cater the need of large number of relevant stakeholders. In this paper, we consider the cardiac health management system to demonstrate that...

Cyber-Physical Systems have emerged in recent years as a new technological revolution to support a collection of devices in the execution of physical processes. In mobility scenarios the execution context is in continuous change. Thus, Context-aware Cyber-Physical Systems must be adapted to this situation to provide services optimally. This paper p...

Nowadays, major industry, government, and citizen initiatives are boosting the development of smart applications and services that improve the quality of life of people in domains such as mobility, security, health, and tourism, using both emerging and existing technologies. In particular, a smart tourist destination aims to improve both the citize...

Nowadays, Physical Web together with the increase in the use of mobile devices, Global Positioning System (GPS), and Social Networking Sites (SNS) have caused users to share enriched information on the Web such as their tourist experiences. Therefore, an area that has been significantly improved by using the contextual information provided by these...

In this work, we demonstrate the feasibility and the main functionalities of a low-cost, nomadic platform for Smart District services. The goal of the platform is to enable the extension of Smart City services to smaller cities, to towns and into the countryside, bypassing the natural barriers through the use of services and vectors which are natur...

Data models and semantics are a key aspect for the valorization of data in cross-domain applications and to obtain knowledge/insights beyond the original applications (vertical use cases). An important role of Big Data and a key fundament of its success is this capacity to discover and extract new knowledge beyond the original use of data, in order...

Monitoring the road network status of an entire country in a visual way (as traditionally) is very hard, so different mechanisms to do it in an automatic manner have been investigated. In particular, nomadic pervasive sensing platforms based on VANETs have been recently deployed. However, the level of road damage is a relative variable, and it is n...

The routing over Low Power and Lossy network working group (ROLL) has specified RPL as an IPv6 routing protocol for Low Power and Lossy networks. RPL builds a Destination Oriented Directed Acyclic Graph (DODAG) based on a set of metrics and constraints trough a specific Objective Functions (OFs). This OF can specify the selection of the parent and...

Smart Cities requires the support of context-aware and enriched semantic descriptions to support a scalable and cross-domain development of smart applications. For example, nowadays general purpose sensors such as crowd monitoring (counting people in an area), environmental information (pollution, air quality, temperature, humidity, noise) etc. can...

First standardization initiatives of the Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) paradigm face a type of solutions with a top-down approach. In this view, user services and applications are transformed, decomposed and delegated until they are finally executed by hardware devices. However, most works do not describe the final execution phase, when a certain de...

The IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low Power and Lossy Networks (RPL) used in the Internet of Things has some shortcoming when the network is dense and with mobile environment. In this paper, we evaluate the performances of RPL in three configurations: network scalability, multiple sink and mobility models. To this end, two different scenarios are imple...

Most of today’s commercial companies rely heavily on social media and community management tools to interact with their clients and analyze their online behaviors. Nonetheless, these tools still lack evolved data mining and visualization features to tailor the analysis in order to support useful marketing decisions. We present an original methodolo...

Microgrids present the challenge to reach a proper balance between local production and consumption, in order to reduce the usage of energy from external sources. This work presents a data-intensive solution to predict the energy behaviors. Thereby, control actions can be carried out such as decrease heating systems levels and switch of low-priorit...

Abstract—Mobility is the most issues for the majority of protocols including the RPL (IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low Power and Lossy Networks). RPL a routing protocol standardized by IETF is usually used in Internet of Things Technology. It is proposed to support communications in Low power and Lossy Networks (LLNs). However, mobility limits the use...

Mobility is the most issues for the majority of protocols including the RPL (IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low Power and Lossy Networks). RPL a routing protocol standardized by IETF is usually used in Internet of Things Technology. It is proposed to support communications in Low power and Lossy Networks (LLNs). However, mobility limits the use of RPL p...

This paper promotes the concept of smart and connected communities SCC, which is evolving from the concept of smart cities. SCC are envisioned to address synergistically the needs of remembering the past (preservation and revitalization), the needs of living in the present (livability), and the needs of planning for the future (attainability). Ther...

According to World Urbanization Prospects published by the United Nations, globally, more people live in urban areas than in rural areas, with 54 per cent of the world’s population residing in urban areas in 2014. By 2050, 66 per cent of the world’s population is projected to be urban, compared with 30 per cent of the world’s population was urban i...

The Internet of Things (IoT) is an Internet based infrastructure of smart machines/objects/things where each machine has the capability of self-configuration and interact/communicate with physical objects based on standard and interoperable communication protocols. The basic attributes of the physical objects is having identities. They are also hav...

Securing Internet of Things is currently one of the most challenging tasks standing before the research community. Finding adequate combination of strong cryptography, lightweight computation and minimalistic data transmission with scarce energy resources and no maintenance times is very hard. This paper introduces new mechanism for IEEE 802.1X aut...

Internet of Things security is one of the most challenging parts of the domain. Combining strong cryptography and lifelong security with highly constrained devices under conditions of limited energy consumption and no maintenance time is extremely difficult task. This paper presents an approach that combines authentication and bootstrapping protoco...

Entropy in computer security is associated with the unpredictability of a source of randomness. The random source with high entropy tends to achieve a uniform distribution of random values. Random number generators are one of the most important building blocks of cryptosystems. In constrained devices of the Internet of Things ecosystem, high entrop...

An intelligent transportation management system is rapidly evolving. Nowadays, the convergence of ICT (Information communications technology) and cloud computing are widely adaptation among many services. The automobile industry has great expectations from these futuristic solutions so that they can improve safety of people, security of vehicles as...

We would like to thank all authors for their valuable contributions to this special issue. We are indebted to the journal editors and all anonymous reviewers for their hard work that helps the authors further enhance the quality of the manuscripts. It is also an honor for us to serve as the Guest Editors of this issue.

The Internet of Things is integrating information systems, places, users and billions of constrained devices into one global network. This network requires secure and private means of communications. The building blocks of the Internet of Things are devices manufactured by various producers and are designed to fulfil different needs. There would be...

How social media could be used to interpret the satisfaction of clients visiting a destination based on real use cases? 2.078 Billion active social media accounts (29% of the total population) +12% active social media account compared to 2014 (+222 Million) 16 min/hour is the time spent on social networks in the USA 23% of Facebook users login at l...

This paper presents an overview of security and it's issues in cloud computing. Nowadays cloud computing has tremendous usage in so many fields such as financial management, communications and collaboration, office productivity suits, accounting applications, customer relationship management, online storage management, human resource and employment...

The building energy consumption represent 60% of total primary energy consumption in the world. In order to control the demand response schemes for residential users, it is crucial to be able to predict the different components of the total power consumption of a household. This work provide a non intrusive identification model of devices with a sa...

This paper analyzes the benefits of big data for smart cities and the potential of the knowledge discovery from sensed data, which enables real-time systems monitoring, management, optimization and anticipation. In this work we present some examples of applications of big data analysis in two scenarios of smart cities. One of them is focused on the...

Due to the high impact that energy consumption by buildings has at global scale, energy-efficient buildings to reduce \(\mathrm{CO}_2\) emissions and energy consumption are needed. In this work we present a novel approach to energy saving in buildings through the identification of the relevant parameters and the application of Soft Computing techni...

The Internet of Things (IoT) represents the current technology revolution that is intended to transform the current environment into a more pervasive and ubiquitous world. In this emerging ecosystem, the application of standard security technologies has to cope with the inherent nature of constrained physical devices, which are seamlessly integrate...

Internet of Things security has been the most challenging part of the domain. Combining strong cryptography , lifelong security with highly constrained devices under conditions of limited energy consumption and no maintenance time makes it extremely difficult task. In this paper it has been presented approach that combines authentication and bootst...

The potential of the artificial intelligence, data mining and the so-called Big Data to build solutions based on the understanding of human behaviours is being extended with the capabilities of the Future Internet and the Internet of Things (IoT). The described potential of data and networks have been analyzed by the complex network theory, offerin...

In this paper, a model for traffic jam prediction using data about traffic, weather and noise is presented. It is based on data coming from a Smart City in Spain called Santander. The project in this city is called ”Smart Santander” and provides a platform for large-scale experiment based on realtime data. This paper demonstrates the possibility of...

One of the basic fundamentals for the current cryptosystems is high entropy random number generator.The cryptosystems that been based on the weak random number generators will not provideadequate level of security. The high entropy random number generators for the Internet of Thingsare very hard due to the fact of the inherited limitations of the h...

The two-volume set LNICST 150 and 151 constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-conference proceedings of the First International Internet of Things Summit, IoT360 2014, held in Rome, Italy, in October 2014. This volume contains 74 full papers carefully reviewed and selected from 118 submissions at the following four conferences: the First Internati...

Data management and information processing play the key roles in developing the Internet of Things (IoT). The requirements of a well-defined data model for IoT involve in six aspects: semantic supporting, active data extracting and explaining, flexibility and extensibility, enabling to manage massive and heterogeneous data, supporting formal organi...

One of the basic fundamentals for the current cryptosystems is high entropy random number generator. The cryptosystems that been based on the weak random number generators will not provide adequate level of security. The high entropy random number generators for the Internet of Things are very hard due to the fact of the inherited limitations of th...

Web of Things (WoT) plays a crucial role for the convergence of the Internet of Things (IoT). Web technology offers efficient support for global communications and wide access to services and information. WebServices-enabled devices allow the usage of different existing Web technologies for the development of applications in a more scalable and fle...

Future Internet of Things is being deployed massively, since it is being already concerned deployments with thousands of nodes, which present a new dimension of capacities for monitoring solutions such as smart cities, home automation, and continuous healthcare. This new dimension is also presenting new challenges, in issues related with scalabilit...

The evolution of wireless communications and pervasive computing is transforming current physical spaces into real smart environments. These emerging scenarios are expected to be composed by a potentially huge amount of heterogeneous smart objects which can be remotely accessed by users via their mobile devices anytime, anywhere. In this paper, we...

Building intelligence and, more recently, energy efficiency are key concepts to bear in mind when future smart spaces are considered. Common automation capabilities in the field of domotics only presented the first building blocks for the indoor spaces of the future. In this framework, energy consumption requires a special treatment, due to the str...

IPv6 Low-power Personal Area Networks (6LoWPANs) have recently found renewed interest because of the emergence of Internet of Things (IoT). Mobility support in 6LoWPANs for large-scale IP-based sensor technology in future IoT is still in its infancy. The hospital wireless network is one important 6LoWPAN application of the IoT, it keeps continuous...

Internet of Things is one of the major evolutions in the Internet, after the Web. Bringing the Internet into our physical world and making it present everywhere. This evolution is also raising challenges in issues such as privacy, and security. For that reason, this work is focused on the integration and lightweight adaptation of existing authentic...

In recent years, the increasing development of wireless communication technologies and IPv6 is enabling a seamless integration of smart objects into the Internet infrastructure. This extension of technology to common environments demands greater security restrictions, since any unexpected information leakage or illegitimate access to data could pre...

Big data techniques are conceived as the powerful tool to exploit all the potential of the Internet of Things and the smart cities. A new dimension of understanding about the human behaviours is expected to be reached through all the gathered data in the emerging smart environment. The described potential, so-called Human Dynamics, pursues to descr...

Big Data is conceived as the powerful tool to exploit all the potential of the Internet of Things and the Smart Cities. Historically several of the human-related behaviours have been modelled with Poisson distribution, but a new dimension of understanding about the human behaviours is reached through all the gathered data in the emerging smart envi...

The Internet of Things IoT is being applied for stovepipe solutions, since it presents a semantic description limited to a specific domain. IoT needs to be pushed towards a more open, interoperable and collaborative IoT. The first step has been the Web of Things WoT. WoT evolves the IoT with a common stack based on web services. But, even when a ho...

Internet of things extends the capabilities to identify products with new technologies such as near field communication, radio-frequency identification, quick response code and with existing identification technologies such as barcode. Identification allows to retrieve extended information and knowledge of the products. Thereby, customers are able...

An emerging trend in many applications is to use resource-constrained wireless devices for machine-to-machine (M2M) communications. The observed proliferation of wireless embedded systems is expected to have a significant impact on future M2M applications if the services provided can be automatically discovered and accessed at runtime. In order to...

Big Data is conceived as the powerful tool to exploit all the potential of the Internet of Things and the Smart Cities. A new dimension of understanding about the human behaviours is expected to be reached through all the gathered data in the emerging smart environment. This work analyses the data from the European Project SmartSantander. This work...

The Internet of Things scales the Internet to billions of embedded nodes and allows to link physical and cyber systems to form complex control systems. Current research focuses mainly on the networking and communication protocols and leaves the application layer and aspects like the engineering process and creation of control logic out of scope. Ex...

The Internet of Things (IoT) is envisaged as a unified network of 'smaller' networks that live on the fringes of the Internet, such as systems that monitor and control buildings, industrial plants, the power grid, etc. The Internet Protocol (IP) has been promoted as the transport glue that implements this vision. Although we observe a converged vie...