Antonio Caló

• Ph.D. (Physics), M.Sc. (Physics), M.Sc. (Tech.)
• PostDoc Position at University of Oulu

This study investigates the impact of building orientation on the economic feasibility of residential rooftop photovoltaic installations in Arctic climatic conditions, aligning with the European Union's advocacy for region-specific 'solar-ready' buildings. The research uses a novel combination of 3-dimensional modelling, solar simulation, and compr...

The European Union’s highly anticipated “solar strategy” to equip the new and existing building stocks with solar PV panels displays a promising trend in the solar PV industry. However, from Finland’s perspective, generating solar PV energy in an Arctic setting is characterised by a few common ambiguities, further lowering the motivation. Several m...

The need to reduce CO2 emissions makes companies find new sustainable solutions for energy production. Diverse multiple sourcing energy production value chains became an important strategical development used at a regional level in Finland. This article presents a social sustainability state data visualization framework that allows us to communicat...

The evolution of electricity grids into a smart grid requires the inclusion of control systems to control load, flatten peaks and ensure the distribution of electricity. In parallel, the building sector will also be incorporating more control technology and put emphasis on sustainability issues such as reducing CO2 emissions associated with the bui...

Large scale electrification of the transportation sector is generally considered a promising strategy for improving efficiency and reducing greenhouse gases emissions. Within a broader decarbonization strategy, the development of the electric vehicles sector, including its integration within a smarter energy network, it is considered one of the cor...

This paper discusses the life-cycle environmental impact of Home Energy Management System (HEMS), in terms of their potential benefits and detrimental impacts. It is the expectation that adapting smart home automation (SHA) would lead to reduced electricity usage in the household and overall environmental advantages. The purpose of this research wa...

To achieve the decarbonisation of the energy sector in Europe, the CO2 emission profile of energy consumption must be fully understood. A new methodology for accounting for CO2 emissions is required for representing the dynamics of emissions. In this article, a dynamic integration of CO2 emissions due to the electricity production and trade was dev...

Tekes Strategic research - Creation of new knowledge and competences in areas of expertise that are expected to be important for businesses in the future.

Work Package 4 (Natural Resource Management an Economics - Smart Energy Grids) final report of the SMARCTIC (Roadmap to a smart Arctic specialization ) project. The aim was to characterize and list synergistic solutions for a sustainable use of Arctic resources while identifying related innovations and business opportunities. The vision offered foc...

Neutral Pb clusters in the size range from a few tens of atoms up to ∼100 atoms are studied using synchrotron-based photoelectron spectroscopy. The electronic structure is seen to differ increasingly from that of the solid when the cluster size decreases. The valence band narrows gradually -down to about one fifth of the solid-state band width at t...

There is currently no generally accepted definition of Smart Grids, especially on what is expected to make them smart and how. On the other hand, the general assumption about Smart Grids implies the development of power networks toward more efficient, greener and sustainable systems. In this article, we present the intrinsic limitations of this vie...

Understanding the energy consumption of households is a cornerstone for improving residential energy efficiency. In addition, the CO2 emission profile of energy consumption must be fully understood, to achieve the decarbonisation of energy sector in Europe. Smart houses incorporated into smart grids allow the survey and control of household energy...

Understanding the energy consumption of households is a cornerstone for improving residential energy efficiency. In addition, the CO2 emission profile of energy consumption must be fully understood, to achieve the decarbonisation of energy sector in Europe. Smart houses incorporated into smart grids allow the survey and control of household energy...

Sparsely inhabited Nordic regions, especially in rural areas, offer a great potential for renewable energy production. Waste-to-energy (W2E) technologies can play a very important role in the diversification of the energy production portfolio in the framework of a growing energy demand. In this paper, we examine the role the development of a smart...

The Energy Roadmap for 2050 (COM(2011) 885/2) lays down ambitious plans for the decarbonisa-tion of Europe. By 2050, 80-95% cutting of greenhouse gas emissions below 1990 levels is envisioned. In 2009, electricity and heat production accounted for 36.5% of total CO 2 emissions in the Euro-pean Union (EU) (IEA 2011). Given this current dominant shar...

This paper presents a model of a detached house in which home automation has been progressively introduced into the building. The model integrates different factors related to end-user behaviour and decision-making regarding the management of electrical energy consumption, and integrates a gradual end-user response to home automation measures. The...

In the presented work, a hybrid micro-grid simulator has been developed from the end-user point of view. The hybrid model includes a number of selectable elements for the production and storage of energy, making a (smart) use of the available renewable energy resources based on a demand-response principle. The main role of the simulator is to model...

Global challenges of the 21st century marked a turning point in the energy markets. Global warming, energy delivery reliability, scarcity and competing use of resources became key factors in the development of energy networks. The hypothesis behind this work is that smart grids can be a tool to provide a solution to these challenges. The expression...

The valence photoelectron spectrum of Sb clusters and the following fragmentation patterns have been studied using synchrotron radiation and electron-ion coincidence technique. An experimental photoelectron spectrum of the 5t ionization of Sb is presented. Theoretical molecular calculations, together with the existing data on the noble gas xenon, w...

Dissociation of acrylonitrile into pairs of cations and neutral fragments following molecular core ionization was investigated using the photoelectron-photoion-photoion coincidence (PEPIPICO) technique. The fragment ion mass spectra were recorded in coincidence with the carbon 1s photoelectrons. Deuterated and (13)C-substituted samples were used fo...

The 4d photoelectron and satellite spectra of Sb4 clusters are presented together with the subsequent CVV (core-valence-valence) Auger electron spectra. Theoretical molecular calculations were used together with semiempirical methods combining negative ion atomic calculations and existing experimental data on the noble gas xenon to predict the stru...

Fragmentation of tributyltin chloride (TBTCl) vapour has been studied experimentally by means of time-of-flight mass spectrometry at the photon energy range of 9–25 eV of synchrotron radiation, at 21.22 eV of HeI as well as with 500 eV electron beam excitation. Branching ratios of the tributyltin chloride fragments taken with HeI and synchrotron ra...

The valence photoelectron spectrum has been measured for molecular KBr. Experimental energies of the main and satellite structures have been compared with the results of ab initio calculations based on molecular orbital theory including configuration and multiconfiguration interaction approaches. Comparison between the experimental KBr spectrum and...

Previously we reported an interionic Auger decay following the VUV resonant excitations of the metal atom in the alkali halide molecules. Opening and closing of the spectator Auger decay channel was found to strongly influence the lineshape of the participator decay transitions, an effect attributed to the changes in the lifetime of the VUV-excited...

An electron energy loss spectrometer for measuring vapor phase and gaseous samples is described. Electron energy losses of krypton and xenon due to excitations of valence electrons are presented. The energies of the loss peaks are assigned and compared with existing data. Relative intensities of transitions in different scattering angles are presen...

The 3d−1 photoionization and subsequent M4,5N2,3N2,3 Auger electron spectra of free initially laser-excited rubidium atoms have been investigated. The rubidium atoms were excited from the ground state [Kr]5s1∕2 to the [Kr]5p1∕2 and [Kr]5p3∕2 states. Emphasis was put on the changes in coupling and electron correlation between the three different ini...

The photoelectron spectrum of krypton was recorded with various photon energies from 60 to 88 eV in the binding energy range of Kr 4s photoelectron line and valence satellite lines. Strong photon energy dependence was found in the experimental cross-sections of the satellite lines. The high experimental resolution of the measured spectra allowed us...

The 2p photoionization and subsequent L2,3M2,3M2,3 Auger decay spectra from free 4s1∕2→4p1∕2 laser-excited potassium atoms are studied both experimentally and theoretically. The shake-up-structure of the 2p photoelectron spectrum of K is resolved. A direct experimental way for resolving the satellite structure due to conjugate shake-up transitions...

The 3d −1 photoionization and subsequent M 4,5 N 2,3 N 2,3 Auger electron spectra of free initially laser-excited rubidium atoms have been investigated. The rubidium atoms were excited from the ground state Kr5s 1/2 to the Kr5p 1/2 and Kr5p 3/2 states. Emphasis was put on the changes in coupling and electron correlation between the three different...

Molecular normal Auger electron spectra following the iodine 4d ionization in gas-phase alkali iodides were investigated both experimentally and theoretically. The Auger electron spectra for LiI, NaI and KI were recorded using electron impact, and for RbI by using photo-excitation. These Auger spectra were analyzed in detail and compared to the ref...

Photoionisation and photofragmentation of molecular rubidium halides following photoexcitation in the vacuum ultraviolet region are investigated. For this purpose total and partial ion yield spectra are measured from the vapours of RbF, RbCl, RbBr and RbI. Two different decay channels – spectator and participator type – are studied in different rub...

The distortion effects of the post-collision interaction (PCI) on the Ar LMM Auger electron lineshape for electron and photon impact ionization have been calculated. The calculations were based on the eikonal model of Kuchiev and Sheinerman [Sov. Phys. – Tech. Phys. 32 (1987) 879]. It is shown that the Auger peak asymmetry depends on the emission a...

Molecular Auger electron spectra following the bromine 3d ionization in gas-phase alkali bromides and in HBr were studied both experimentally and theoretically. The AES for HBr and CsBr were measured using photoexcitation, and for LiBr, NaBr, and KBr by using electron impact. These results are compared with the theoretical spectra from nonrelativis...

We have studied the effect of post-collision interaction (PCI) on the Auger line shape after photoionization as a function of the emission angle relative to the primary photon beam and its polarization vector. For Ne K-LL Auger lines the photon energy was in the 900–1200 eV region, for Ar L-MM lines it was in the 320–440 eV region. Our calculations...