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Publications (120)
The paper presents an application of a new, simple approach for the naturalistic assessment of road sign quality from a driver’s perspective, using dashboard camera recordings. This method was used to evaluate signage along a 69.6 km road construction zone in Poland associated with the phased upgrade of a dual carriageway with unlimited access into...
Weather conditions are a key factor influencing the operational activities of airports. Phenomena, which limit visibility, strong winds or a contaminated runway, are the main causes of delays, diversions of aircraft to other airports, and even cancellations of flight operations, which in their turn, may have a negative impact on the whole air trans...
A rebuttal to “Reply to road markings and microplastics- a critical literature review” by Järlskog et al. is necessary because authors of the “Reply…” simultaneously agree with the major issues raised in the review and try to discredit it through presenting a different perspective; thus, clarifications of some key issues are due. In response to “bi...
When choosing the way to come to airports, quite a large number of passengers prefer when they are dropped off/picked up at airports using kiss-and-fly (K&F) zones. Such a travel option is associated with a special traffic organisation on the airport ground access. As there are no common regulations or standards when creating such a complex infrast...
Objectives: Road markings are critical elements of road infrastructure that must be correctly maintained for proper function. Different road marking materials provide dissimilar functional service life; hence, selection of more durable solutions may bring long-term lower costs even if initially they are more expensive. Because typical maintenance p...
Correct signage belongs to critical factors affecting road traffic safety. During a naturalistic driving study in Poland major mistakes associated with signage were noticed and analysed: road works were announced and speed limits were reduced from 120 km/h to 70−80 km/h, but no road construction could be found. Measurements of drivers’ speed showed...
Road markings were sometimes reported as meaningful contributors to microplastic pollution. To estimate their wear, 126 pedestrian crossings, which constitute the worst-case scenario because all passing vehicles encroach on them, were analysed for luminance loss as an indicator of complete abrasion. The assessment was done in Sweden, where thermopl...
Road markings, ubiquitous on almost all paved roads, are responsible for channelling traffic; as such, they provide enormous safety benefits. Because the key property for drivers is their visibility, road administrators should strive to provide it through correct materials selection and appropriate maintenance. Road markings are unique dual-layer s...
Road markings, ubiquitous on almost all paved roads, are responsible for channelling traffic; as such, they provide enormous safety benefits. Because the key property for drivers is their visibility, road administrators should strive to provide it through correct materials selection and appropriate maintenance. Road markings are unique dual-layer s...
Skid resistance of road markings belongs to their important performance parameters, significantly influencing the safety of all road users, particularly when the roadway is wet – yet it is very seldom addressed. A review of the sparse literature on this topic is provided herein. To demonstrate the effect of the selection of anti-skid particles on P...
Microplastic pollution became one of the most researched current environmental topics. Road markings are often listed amongst important microplastic pollution sources, but there is no consensus related to the quantity of such emissions, with estimates varying by more than order of magnitude. Reports of positive identification remain very sparse. Se...
Road markings are road safety elements needed for both human drivers and for machine vision equipment. Their visibility depends on contrast ratio against the neighbouring roadway surface. To identify conditions, where their visibility was inadequate, exemplary roadway images were analysed. Average contrast ratio during good visibility conditions wa...
Weather conditions always have a huge impact on air transport. Taking into account global climate changes, which have a great influence on such conditions, this problematic continues to be one of the most current research topics, especially in the context of the above-mentioned field of transport. This article attempts to present the issue of the U...
Over the years, Global Reporting Format (GRF) was the first major change in the approach to evaluate runway conditions. The greatest impulse for this new regulation were incidents and accidents related mainly to runway excursions that occurred because of unfavorable weather conditions, when not only aircraft and different airport facilities but als...
Road markings are road elements that require frequent periodic renewals (not replacement) to maintain their key properties. To evaluate the impact of materials selection on sustainability of road markings, several representative products were tested in the field. The results revealed that the main impactor for their service life was selection of pa...
Road markings are critical road safety features for both human drivers and for machine vision technology used in advanced driver assistance systems and in the emerging technology of automated vehicles. Amongst the parameters, contrast ratio is necessary for appropriate recognition of road markings. To assess the contrast ratio of road markings at v...
Values are supposed to transcend specific situations and contexts. A country-independent relationship is expected between individual values and aggressive driving. The purpose of this novel study was to investigate the relationship between individual values and aggressive driving. The data were collected from five countries, namely, Estonia, Greece...
Featured Application
Reflectorisation of road markings with glass beads that are characterised by increased refractive index and simultaneously improved resistance to scratching was shown to be the most sustainable choice.
Abstract
Road markings must be reflectorised with glass beads to be visible to drivers at night, retro-reflecting light from v...
In the transition to the digital economy the main requirement for the education system is the development and use of innovative tools and techniques that meet the trends and requirements of the information society for training a graduate who will be able to formulate a problem in a professional language and solve it using new intelligent technologi...
Shared roads for pedestrians and bicycles are common in modern cities. Recently, such roads are frequently utilised also by riders of electric scooters, which, being a novel personal transport means, are not regulated uniformly. Analysis of visual attention of young people who travelled the same shared road stretch as pedestrians, as bicyclists, an...
Road markings are often listed amongst meaningful contributors to pollution with microplastics. However, the reported estimates do not address the renewal frequency and its association with the key parameter of road markings – retroreflectivity. This parameter, achieved because of a layer of glass beads on the road markings surface, fails before th...
Road markings are necessary basic features that increase road safety; they are currently irreplaceable for both human drivers and the emerging automated vehicles technology. Retroreflectivity, achieved through incorporation of glass beads, is their key property, particularly important during driving at night time and in inclement weather conditions...
Governments in every country have made attempts to encourage road safety, and road users’ perceptions of these attempts are crucial to understanding community needs and the effectiveness of road safety initiatives. However, while many studies compare countries with respect to fatality rates or possible causative factors related to these fatalities,...
Whereas the majority of evaluations of self-service kiosks are based on interviews or observations and as such are burdened with personal bias, eye tracking was seen as a method for an objective analysis. To demonstrate the feasibility and usability of such an assessment technique, the task of purchasing a public transportation ticket from a modern...
Road markings are a necessary safety feature on almost all roads. For appropriate performance they must be reflectorised with glass beads. To demonstrate the differences between traditional and modern thin-layer road marking solutions, four road marking systems were compared in the field. Based on measurements of retroreflectivity, influence of gla...
Bike-sharing systems are a popular and widespread mobility tool all over the world. The introduction of such system could bring a large amount of benefits for city or region: starting from the promotion of cycling as a mode of transport and finishing with the improvement of image of this city or region. Though there is a lot of advices as well as g...
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This paper considers managerial approaches to increase efficiency of the urban transport system such as promotion and integration of sustainable modes of transport, development of public transport route network, renewing the existing vehicle fleet and shift to environmental friendly fuel types in the public transport system. To assess such kind of...
A new, simple methodology for naturalistic assessment of speeds of overtaking and overtaken vehicles and road signage quality from the point of view of a driver, as recorded by a dashboard camcorder, is described. The methodology was applied for evaluation of a 65 km long major road construction zone associated with upgrade of a dual carriageway un...
This research aim was to analyze problems, which educational systems are facing in the global upheaval era, statement of tasks, which must be solved, as well as search for solutions. The engineering education system has been improved in recent years through the use of new features, which are provided by e-learning software. Future engineers will re...
Road markings are a necessary safety feature that guides drivers. For visibility in darkness, when accident risk and severity are the highest, road markings must be reflectorised with glass beads to be visible when vehicle headlights shine on them. Renewal of thick-layer structured road markings that have lost retroreflectivity but have retained th...
Road markings are a niche category of industrial coatings with requirements related to both the coating itself and the layer of glass beads on top of it that furnish retroreflectivity (RL) – their key property, particularly needed during driving at night time and in rainy weather conditions. The most frequently used glass beads, with refractive ind...
During the last years, different producers of simulation software – PTV AG, INCONTROL Simulation Software, Aimsun company – turned more of their attention to the problematics of air transport and, especially, to simulations at the airports. It was connected with the development and improvement of new tools to model pedestrian flows, which first of...
European Union Green Public Procurement (GPP) criteria for road marking materials (comprising paints, plastic masses, and tapes) have been recently published. Among the criteria, the key is limitation in the contents of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC); as a novelty in Europe, several solvents would be exempt from the VOC content calculations. Othe...
A wearable eye tracker was utilised to study paths and observation of directional signs at main railway station in Katowice. For the purpose of identifying confusion points due to inadequate signage, the task of finding the railway station from a tram stop, finding train schedule, ticket office, and then platform was assigned to 16 young people who...
The paper deals with the relevant problem: ensuring safety and sustainability of urban transport systems. Authors have considered existing positive world-wide experience of both infrastructure and managerial solutions. Using the city of Naberezhnye Chelny as an example, a method is proposed for improving the safety of transport systems by improving...
COVID-19 and restrictions, which came with it in the year 2020, influenced strongly on all aspects of people‘s life including their mobility behaviour. Long-distance trips were strongly suffered because of, among other, border closure and movement restrictions inside some countries. Especially, it was a huge blow to air transportation. On the other...
E67 road is a strategically important part of a North Sea – Baltic Core Network Corridor, connecting the three Baltic States with Finland, on the one hand, and with North Eastern Poland, on the other. So-called Via Baltica corridor services more than 30 000 vehicles per day being one of the major arteries for transit and heavy good vehicles transpo...
Introduction
On majority of roads, horizontal road markings are essential safety feature that must be periodically renewed to maintain appropriate performance.
Results
The use of a premium road marking system resulted in prolonged the service life as compared to a standard system, which would be financially-neutral in the long term despite much hi...
Numerous literature reports point to horizontal road markings as significant sources of microplastic pollution. There are claims that even 7% of all microplastics originate from road markings and according to a German report, the contribution reaches 19.3-121.1 g/person/year. However, one must consider that these estimates presume that “paint sales...
The Traffic Climate Scale (TCS) measures the perceptions and attitudes of road users about the given traffic context with three dimensions: external affective demands, functionality, and internal requirements. The TCS was developed in Turkish and then translated into several languages. The main aim of the current study was to develop a shorter vers...
The article describes the method for estimating transport flow parameters using the two-fluid Herman-Prigogine mathematical model developed considering the proposed method of estimating parameters for the system based on the passive processing of navigation data on the movement of vehicles. The efficiency of the suggested algorithms and mathematica...
The present study investigated differences in driver aggression for self and others within countries and cultural differences between driver aggression, aberrant, and positive driver behaviors across five countries (Estonia, Greece, Kosovo, Russia, and Turkey). It was predicted that drivers from these five countries differ significantly in terms of...
A wearable eye tracking device was used to study path and focus of 25 young people from three nations who were given the task of finding their way at the new main railway station in Kraków, Poland (the station is located underground, with access through a shopping gallery). Preliminary analysis demonstrated that almost all of the test participants...
This study compared pedestrian behaviors in five countries (Estonia, Greece, Kosovo, Russia, and Turkey) and investigated the relationships between these behaviors and values in each country. The study participants were 131 pedestrians for Estonia, 249 for Greece, 112 for Kosovo, 176 for Russia, and 145 for Turkey. The principal component analyses...
Solving the problem to improve the motor vehicles reliability is provided by the automotive industry, on the one hand, through the production of more reliable vehicles and their components and, on the other hand, by improving the methods of vehicles’ technical operation. Reliability indicators arise themselves in the vehicle’s operation process and...
The paper deals with the relevant problem: ensuring safety and sustainability of urban transport systems. Authors have considered existing positive world wide experience of both infrastructure and managerial solutions. Using the city of Naberezhnye Chelny as an example, a method is proposed for improving the safety of transport systems by improving...
Specialists of different fields (from traffic management and control to logistics) are interested in the market of autonomous cars development. This could give a synergistic effect, because it can improve reliability, safety, efficiency and sustainability of the transport system. However, intellectualization of the transport system requires solving...
Analysis of eye movements of young drivers travelling in an urban environment on two-lane dual carriageway roads, as they approach intersections, was performed with accent on responses to pavement markings. Preview distances of 35–70 m and 70–180 m were evaluated. In each case, the visual region was divided into three sections: centre – view ahead,...
Eye tracker was used to study 25 young people from three nations who were given the task of finding their way to the main railway station in Kraków, Poland (station located underground, with access through a shopping mall), locating a ticket counter there, and going to a platform. Analysed were the paths selected by the test participants to reach t...
Horizontal road markings are very important safety features on almost all roads. For proper function, they must be reflectorised with glass beads, which provide visibility in the night time and simultaneously protect the paint from abrasion. Nonetheless, to maintain adequate performance frequent renewals are required. Field tests have demonstrated...
The purpose of the transport system is providing access to goods, jobs and services. However, the increase in the level of transport services provision is accompanied by negative consequences. Within the concept of sustainable development of urban transport systems, it is necessary to ensure a safe environmental load for people. Therefore, the purp...
Introduction of new technical solutions and technologies makes technical systems keep up to date and adapt to all changes. The article is devoted to the development of a tool that will help intellectualize strategic planning of the autoservice system development. Today, one of the most effective methods of management intellectualization in large sy...
The article describes the main trends in the field of intellectualization of transport systems and mobility. The possibility of using the Blockchain technology in transport systems is considered. The article proposes to use Blockchain technology for increasing cybersecurity through the creation of a safe and reliable system for sending parameters o...
A wearable eye tracking device was used to study path and focus of 25 young people from three nations who were given the task of finding their way at the new main railway station in Kraków, Poland (the station is located underground, with access through a shopping gallery). Preliminary analysis demonstrated that almost all of the test participants...
A wearable eye tracker was utilised to evaluate the directional signs that were used by 25 young test participants from three countries to find their way at the station hall of Kraków Główny railway station. The station hall was a place, where apparently inadequate signage caused significant confusion and was described by the test participants as r...
The main aim of the present study was to investigate the moderating role of aggressive driving of others on the relationship between self-reported aggressive driving behaviors committed by driver himself/herself and drivers’ aberrant and positive driver behaviors (i.e. errors, violations, and positive driver behaviors) among drivers from Estonia, G...
Horizontal road markings are common and inexpensive road safety features, which are particularly needed and effective during night time driving, when the embedded glass beads provide retroreflectivity, which is perceived by drivers while other visual cues are limited. Worldwide, there are different standards for the minimum retroreflectivity levels...
The number of passengers using airport services increases constantly. One of the most important factors driving the Polish air transport market is the development of low-cost carriers, which have currently a large market share, especially it concerns regional airports. Also it should be remembered that, as Poland started to be a member of the Europ...
The rapid development of the air transport market in recent years, together with positive trends, brings also an amount of organizational problems related to, for example, strong congestion of airspace, lack of slots in large airports, etc. Such challenges point out the need to use every available kilo of aircraft load capacity. In such situation,...
Drivers have an important place in the traffic system when the human factor is taken into consideration. Drivers from different cultures are exposed to different values, norms, and traffic systems, and these differences may form various driver behaviors. Thus, traffic climate and individual values can impact driver behaviors. In this study, the rel...
Horizontal road markings are inalienable feature on almost all roads because their presence results in significant increase in safety for all road users. By providing delineation, they help drivers in keeping the vehicle in the traffic lane. At night time, retroreflectivity (RL) of road markings, achieved by incorporating glass beads on the marking...
General Aviation is a separate segment of Civil Aviation, taking into account different type of aviation activities it includes recreational and sport aviation, business aviation, aerial work and flight training. Also it is often overlooked in the aviation statistics. This article concerns mainly the statistics of General Aviation in the airports o...
Digitalization of all scopes of activities along with the rapid accumulation of information, development of technologies and the processes’ intellectualization pose global challenges in both the economy and education. Information technologies become an integral part of the human living space, causing the emergence of a new digital (networking) gene...
The paper is devoted to special features of the large and heavy goods (oversized and overweight loads) transportation by road transport. To organize a delivery of large and heavy goods, two main problems have to be solved: selection of the optimal road vehicle as well as selection of the best route. Since there are a lot of factors have to be consi...
Reliability is currently one of the factors affecting the competitiveness of vehicles. Vehicles become highly reliable due to the integrated approach to all stages of their “life cycle”: design, production and operation. The most important for the manufacturer is the warranty service, because this stage is characterized by an increased probability...
In the transition to a circular economy, there is a need of new logistic approach, reverse logistics. Organization of spare parts delivery in the PC “KAMAZ” in transition to circular economy is considered. We have developed the concept of the Decision Support System to predict, plan and organize new spare parts delivery and faulty spare parts retur...
![Retroreflectivity [mcd/m²/lx] (standard deviations shown in...](profile/Tomasz_Burghardt2/publication/328829355/figure/tbl1/AS:690999798022144@1541758598068/Retroreflectivity-mcd-m-lx-standard-deviations-shown-in-parentheses-of-various-road_Q320.jpg)
![Retroreflectivity [mcd/m²/lx] (standard deviations shown in...](profile/Tomasz_Burghardt2/publication/328829355/figure/tbl3/AS:743185659748357@1554200677947/Retroreflectivity-mcd-m-lx-standard-deviations-shown-in-parentheses-of-various-road_Q320.jpg)
![Retroreflectivity [mcd/m²/lx] (standard deviations shown in...](profile/Tomasz_Burghardt2/publication/328829355/figure/tbl4/AS:743185659740173@1554200677985/Retroreflectivity-mcd-m-lx-standard-deviations-shown-in-parentheses-of-various-road_Q320.jpg)
Horizontal road markings are critical road safety features, which must be reflectorised with glass beads to be effective during night-time driving. Road trials demonstrated that durability of thin-layer road marking systems depends primarily on the selection of paint and is strongly influenced by the choice of glass beads. With the use of premium g...
Eye movements of young drivers travelling along a dual-carriageway city street were analysed, with focus at their gazes at horizontal road markings ahead of eight intersections, at two preview distances: 35-70 m and 70-180 m. The visual region was divided into three sections: centre, horizontal line markings, and other areas. The number of observer...
Regulations, definitions, and calculations related to emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) from paints used for horizontal road markings (traffic paints) in North America and in European Union are different, which frequently makes simple comparisons impossible. To illustrate the dissimilarities, solvent packages of various exemplary paints...
The article deals with actual problems pedestrians and cyclists safety in the cities. It is shown that, despite the positive experience of interventions implementation, road traffic deaths and injuries are still high. One of the possible ways to ensure road safety for the most vulnerable road users is to develop the method to support the safest rou...
The paper is devoted to solving the problem of complex organizational and technical systems’ (COTS) safety improvement with the use of methods of situational management. The possibility to manage COTS with the use of decision support system, the intelligent core of which contains the object model of the precedent describing unwanted processes in th...
Results from road tests done at a motorway in Switzerland and at a major road in Croatia are provided. In Switzerland, an application of thick-layer structured cold plastic reflectorized with premium glass beads SOLIDPLUS demonstrated that it was possible to achieve road marking system lasting five years. High durability was possible because of exq...
To help drivers remain on the travel path, horizontal markings are installed. They are very efficient and cost-effective safety features, which can bring on average 60 to 1 in benefit to cost ratio; 20% drop in accidents was measured with the installation of both edge and centre markings. For night time driving, retroreflectivity, achieved by drop-...
