Anton Eitzinger

Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research | CGIAR · International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT)

Despite recent calls to limit future increases in the global average temperature to well below 2 °C, little is known about how different climatic thresholds will impact human society. Future warming trends have significant global food security implications, particularly for small island developing states (SIDS) that are recognized as being among th...

Small-scale farmers are highly threatened by climate change. Experts often base their interventions to support farmers to adapt to climate change on their own perception of farmers’ livelihood risks. However, if differences in risk perception between farmers and experts exist, these interventions might fail. Thus, for effective design and implement...

Drybeans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) are an important subsistence crop in Central America. Future climate change may threaten drybean production and jeopardize smallholder farmers’ food security. We estimated yield changes in drybeans due to changing climate in these countries using downscaled data from global circulation models (GCMs) in El Salvador,...

Small farmers who supply the city of Bogotá with food are facing many challenges that are jeopardizing their livelihoods and by extension, the food security of Colombia’s capital. We expect future changes in climatic conditions to exacerbate the plight of the small farmers and this is expected to compromise Bogota’s food security even further. This...

Large agricultural development projects often struggle to achieve impact because they lack costeffective systems for capturing regular feedback from implementers and beneficiaries. Even when they use a participatory approach, they cannot easily take into account a large range of farmers’ needs and make them specific. The 5Q approach makes monitorin...

In the future, farmers will have increasing opportunities to use collaborative smartphone applications for agricultural management. Geospatial information in combination with agricultural-relevant information is a great source of knowledge for farmers. Including maps in collaborative mobile agriculture applications benefits communication processes...

This Climate-Smart Agriculture extension services manual for Amity Hall has been prepared as an output for the 'Capacity Building Program to Improve Stakeholder Resilience and Adaptation to Climate Change in Jamaica' project. It aims to provide agricultural extension staff in the region with ready-to-use guidelines for climate-smart practices, and...

This Climate-Smart Agriculture extension services manual for Parnassus has been prepared as an output for the 'Capacity Building Program to Improve Stakeholder Resilience and Adaptation to Climate Change in Jamaica' project. It aims to provide agricultural extension staff in the region with ready-to-use guidelines for climate-smart practices and in...

This Climate-Smart Agriculture extension services manual for for Essex Valley has been prepared as an output for the 'Capacity Building Program to Improve Stakeholder Resilience and Adaptation to Climate Change in Jamaica' project. It aims to provide agricultural extension staff in the region with ready-to-use guidelines for climate-smart practices...

Agricultural development projects often struggle to show impact because they lack agile and cost-effective data collection tools and approaches. Due to the lack of real-time feedback data, they are not responsive to emerging opportunities during project implementation and often miss the needs of beneficiaries. This study evaluates the application o...

This research explored the feasibility of harnessing institutional and technological options for dealing with climate change in western Uganda. Key findings were: 1. Three Climatic events ( Irregular precipitation patterns, water stress, droughts, and high intensity, excess/heavy rainfall) affect agricultural productivity in Hoima Climate Smart Vil...

exercise in Guyana is part of the Guyana – Development of an Evidence-Based, Gender Equitable Framework for Studying Climate-Smart Agriculture Interventions. Information gathered in the CSA-RA will build on the “Vulnerability and Capacity Assessment: Impacts of Climate Change on Guyana’s Agricultural Sector” and the “National Adaptation Strategy to...

Guyana has densely populated coastal regions and relatively inaccessible Hinterland and is highly vulnerable to climate change and climate variability. The agriculture sector requires a transformation towards climate-resilient agriculture systems. In order to respond to this priority, the Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT, the Ministry...

For designing qualitative interfaces for Public Participatory Geographic Information Systems (PPGIS), the user and use case should be clearly defined. However, PPGIS users may differ significantly, e.g. regarding their cultural background, IT-literacy, or interests. Studies examining varying user types and their impact on PPGIS usability are, howev...

Mobile map applications are typically used by a broad range of users. Users can be diverse in their context attributes (e.g. map use experience, activities during map use), and several previous user experience (UX) studies have focused on understanding how some contextual factors influence the UX for designing maps that satisfy users’ needs. A need...

GeoFarmer is an app designed to support experience exchanges between farmers – be they positive or negative – so that they can learn from each other by asking questions and by sharing suggestions on how their crop, animal and farm management can be improved. Project implementers can also use it to obtain continuous feedback and follow up with farme...

Monitoring and Learning (M&L) systems are increasingly being requested to measure gender indicators in the context of agricultural interventions. This study reflects on the feasibility of using cellphones to collect data for monitoring gender indicators related to the adoption of climate-smart agricultural practices through call-based surveys. The...

Farmers can manage their crops and farms better if they can communicate their experiences, both positive and negative, with each other and with experts. Digital agriculture using internet communication technology (ICT) may facilitate the sharing of experiences between farmers themselves and with experts and others interested in agriculture. ICT app...

Plant breeding has undoubtedly been successful in increasing the yield of high value commodity crops. In recent decades, efforts have been made to repeat this success in ‘orphan crops’ through a network of regional and national organizations largely composed of public and not-for-profit institutions. Adapting to climate change is a key challenge fo...

Scaling innovations so hundreds of thousands of people benefit is one of the most important contributions that agricultural research for development provides. It is also one of the most challenging. This brief introduces nine lessons that work in East Africa to spread climate-smart agricultural (CSA) practices. They can be applied all together or t...

Adapting to climate risks is central to the goal of increasing food security and enhancing resilience of farming systems in East Africa. We examined farmers’ attitudes and assessed determinants of adaptation using data from a random sample of 500 households in Borana, Ethiopia, Nyando, Kenya, Hoima Uganda, and Lushoto, Tanzania. Adaptation was meas...

This chapter primarily reports on a baseline study that was conducted with cocoa farmers in Jamaica and Trinidad, to examine the likely impacts of predicted changes in climate on this high value perennial crop, and to take stock of the associated socio-economic consequences especially for rural smallholders. The study was part of a larger regional...

Online Resource 1 Tables of average DSSAT simulated yields for departments in each country.

Online Resource 2 Maps of drybeans impact hot spots HIS for three planting seasons in four Central American countries.

Increasingly, geospatial web applications such as www.fixmystreet.com or www.seeclickfix.com are being integrated within citizen participation processes in spatial planning and the provision of communal services. Recently, several of these platforms have been launched in Latin America and other countries of the Global South. This development raises...

In many developing countries, smartphone and internet usage has become a revolution for the population and has opened up many possibilities to use new services for communication purposes. For researchers and development organizations, it is now possible to engage more directly with beneficiaries during the implementation phase of a project. However...

There is a need to understand how climate change can affect agriculture in the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS). Determining which crops are the most vulnerable, where new opportunities can emerge, and where these crops are located are pressing issues that need to be immediately addressed. The scientists at the International Center for Tropical Agric...

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Over the last years, geospatial web platforms, social media, and volunteered geographic information (VGI) have opened a window of opportunity for traditional Public Participatory GIS (PPGIS) to usher in a new era. Taking advantage of these technological achievements, this paper presents a new approach for a citizen-orientated framework of spatial p...

We assessed the exposure of Jamaican farmers to climate change and the impact that these changes will have on efforts to establish a sustainable value chain to the local hotel industry. We used crop-climate-suitability modeling to assess potential impacts on production and implicit effects on the hotel industry supply chain as well as farmers' live...

Nowadays, citizens increasingly make use of mobile devices to access the internet, share their geographic location and to get in touch with other users in their everyday life. The suggested geospatial web- platform (the GeoCitizen platform) takes advantage of these technological achievements and brings together citizens allowing them to collaborati...

Global climate change (GCC) presents serious challenges to agricultural systems as they strive to meet increasing demand over the coming decades. Within these systems, food value chains are increasingly recognised as being vital for development, yet relatively little is known about the vulnerability of such chains to GCC, or their capacity to adapt...

Introducción El cambio climático es una amenaza creciente para los ecosistemas y las poblaciones humanas de México. Lo anterior, sumado a la variabilidad climática y a factores socio-económicos como cambios en el uso del suelo, supone efectos adversos sobre los ecosistemas y las estrategias de vida de las comunidades rurales. Es preciso entonces co...

In order to be able to adapt to climate change, maize and bean producing smallholders in Central America have to know which type of changes and to which extent and ranges these changes will occur. Adaptation is only possible if global climate predictions are broken down on local levels, to give farmers a direction on what to adapt to, but also to p...

Citizens are very valuable observers of problems and conflicts that occur in their own living environment. In order to empower them to be part of the solution, especially in regions where the government lacks information, administrative power and transparency, the GeoCitizen-framework allows citizens to identify, report, discuss, solve and monitor...

Maize and beans are a vital component of human diets and culture in Central America. More than a million smallholder families grow these crops for subsistence, producing 70% of the maize and 100% of the beans consumed locally. Average yields are low, however – 1.5 t/ha for maize and 0.7 t/ha for beans – on the approximately 2.5 million hectares of...

Global circulation models all forecast that climate change will increase mean temperatures and change precipitation regimes. As a result, traditional coffee growing regions may disappear and new regions may appear. At the same time, demand for high quality, responsibly sourced coffee continues to grow globally. For sustainable sources of coffee, pa...

�According to the fourth assessment report (AR4) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), is Mesoamerica one of the regions that will suffer severe impacts from a progressively changing climate. Coffee production is the mainstay of thousands of families and the major contributor to the agricultural GDP of Mesoamerican countries. As...

The mountain chain of the Sierra Madre de Chiapas in southern Mexico is globally significant for its biodiversity and is one of the most important coffee production areas of Mexico. It provides water for several municipalities and its biosphere reserves are important tourist attractions. Much of the forest cover outside the core protected areas is...