Antoine Zimmermann

Mines Saint-Etienne | ENSM-SE · Henri Fayol Institute

The study of autonomous agents has a long history in the Multiagent System and the Semantic Web communities, with applications ranging from automating business processes to personal assistants. More recently, the Web of Things (WoT), which is an extension of the Internet of Things (IoT) with metadata expressed in Web standards, and its community pr...

Resources on the Web are identified by Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs), and can be accessed using web protocols such as HTTP. A resource can have several representations varying along a set of dimensions, forming a set of variants. Content negotiation (CN) is the mechanism for selecting the appropriate variant that conforms to a set of preferen...

L’ouverture et l’accessibilité du Web a largement contribué à son adoption à l’échelle mondiale. L’identifiant uni forme de ressource (URI) est la pierre angulaire de l’identification des ressources sur le Web. Une ressource sur le Web peut être décrite de nombreuses façons, ce qui peut rendre difficile pour un utilisateur de trouver une représenta...

Les ressources sur le Web sont identifiées par des identificateurs uniformes de ressources (URI). Chaque ressource peut avoir plusieurs représentations la décrivant, que nous appelons variantes. Un utilisateur (client) souhaitant une représentation particulière de cette ressource fait une requête à son URI avec un ensemble de contraintes. La négoci...

The notion of Knowledge Graph stems from scientific advancements in diverse research areas such as Semantic Web, databases, knowledge representation and reasoning, NLP, and machine learning, among others. The integration of ideas and techniques from such disparate disciplines presents a challenge to practitioners and researchers to know how current...

The study of autonomous agents has a long tradition in the Multiagent Systems and the Semantic Web communities, with applications ranging from automating business processes to personal assistants. More recently, the Web of Things (WoT), which is an extension of the Internet of Things (IoT) with metadata expressed in Web standards, and its community...

As humans, we can deduce more from the data graph of Figure 2.1 than what the edges explicitly indicate. We may deduce, for example, that the am festival ((eidis)) will be located in Santiago, even though the graph does not contain an edge (eidis)— location →(santiago). We may further deduce that the cities connected by flights must have some airpo...

While deductive knowledge is characterized by precise logical consequences, inductively acquiring knowledge involves generalizing patterns from a given set of input observations, which can then be used to generate novel but potentially imprecise predictions. For example, from a large data graph with geographical and flight information, we may obser...

In this chapter, we discuss some of the most prominent knowledge graphs that have emerged in the past years. We begin by discussing open knowledge graphs, most of which have been published on the Web per the guidelines and protocols described in Chapter 9. We later discuss enterprise knowledge graphs that have been created by companies from diverse...

In this chapter we describe extensions of the data graph–relating to schema, identity, and context–that provide additional structures for accumulating knowledge. Henceforth, we refer to a data graph as a collection of data represented as nodes and edges using one of the models discussed in Chapter 2. We refer to a knowledge graph as a data graph po...

Independent of the (kinds of) source(s) from which a knowledge graph is created, the resulting initial knowledge graph will usually be incomplete, and will often contain duplicate, contradictory or even incorrect statements, especially when taken from multiple sources. After the initial creation and enrichment of a knowledge graph from external sou...

At the foundation of any knowledge graph is the principle of first applying a graph abstraction to data, resulting in an initial data graph. We now discuss a selection of graph-structured data models that are commonly used in practice to represent data graphs. We then discuss the primitives that form the basis of graph query languages used to inter...

In this chapter, we discuss the principal techniques by which knowledge graphs can be created and subsequently enriched from diverse sources of legacy data that range from plain text to structured formats (and anything in between). The appropriate methodology to follow when creating a knowledge graph depends on the actors involved, the domain, the...

Beyond assessing the quality of a knowledge graph, there exist techniques to refine the knowledge graph, in particular to (semi-)automatically complete and correct the knowledge graph [Paul-heim, 2017], aka knowledge graph completion and knowledge graph correction, respectively. As distinguished from the creation and enrichment tasks outlined in Ch...

While it may not always be desirable to publish knowledge graphs (for example, those that offer a competitive advantage to a company [Noy et al., 2019]), it maybe desirable or even required to publish other knowledge graphs, such as those produced by volunteers [Lehmann et al., 2015, Mahdisoltani et al., 2015, Vrandecic and Krotzsch, 2014], by publ...

In this article, we provide a comprehensive introduction to knowledge graphs, which have recently garnered significant attention from both industry and academia in scenarios that require exploiting diverse, dynamic, large-scale collections of data. After some opening remarks, we motivate and contrast various graph-based data models, as well as lang...

https://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_ts/103600_103699/103673/01.01.01_60/ts_103673v010101p.pdf The present document defines the development framework for the SAREF ontology [1] and its extensions (referred to in a general way in the present document as SAREF projects) based on the ETSI forge. The development framework defines the different workflows...

Cet article présente le contexte et les objectifs du projet ANR nommé Constrained Semantic Web of Things (CoSWoT). CoSWoT a pour objectif de proposer une architecture logicielle distribuée compatible WoT et embarquée sur des dispositifs contraints. Cette architecture a deux caractéristiques principales : (1) elle utilisera des modèles de connaissan...

In this paper we provide a comprehensive introduction to knowledge graphs, which have recently garnered significant attention from both industry and academia in scenarios that require exploiting diverse, dynamic, large-scale collections of data. After a general introduction, we motivate and contrast various graph-based data models and query languag...

In this paper we provide a comprehensive introduction to knowledge graphs, which have recently garnered significant attention from both industry and academia in scenarios that require exploiting diverse, dynamic, large-scale collections of data. After a general introduction, we motivate and contrast various graph-based data models and query languag...

The listing and automatic detection of ontology pitfalls are crucial in ontology engineering. Existing work mainly focused on detecting pitfalls in stand-alone ontologies. Here, we introduce a new categorization of ontology pitfalls: stand-alone ontology pitfalls, pitfalls in versioned ontologies and, pitfalls in ontology networks. We investigate p...

Presentation slides for the paper "Observing the Impact and Adaptation to the Evolution of an Imported Ontology"

Ontology evolution is the process of maintaining an ontology up to date with respect to the changes that arise in the targeted domain or in the requirements. Inspired by this definition, we introduce two concepts relatedto observe the impact and the adaptation to the evolution of an imported ontology. In the first one we target the evolution of an...

https://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_tr/103600_103699/103608/01.01.01_60/tr_103608v010101p.pdf The present document specifies the functional requirements for the publication framework of the SAREF ontology and its extensions. The publication framework provides a uniform documentation website for SAREF and its extensions such that (1) the documentatio...

https://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_tr/103500_103599/103549/01.01.01_60/tr_103549v010101p.pdf The present document specifies the functional requirements for a set of reference ontology patterns for the SAREF semantic model, along with guidelines for developing extensions to this semantic model for multiple engineeringrelated verticals. The present d...

Data retrieval systems are facing a paradigm shift due to the proliferation of specialised data storage engines (SQL, NoSQL, Column Stores, MapReduce, Data Stream, Graph) supported by varied data models (CSV, JSON, RDB, RDF, XML). One immediate consequence of this paradigm shift results into data bottleneck over the Web; which means, Web applicatio...

NELL is a system that continuously reads the Web to extract knowledge in the form of entities and relations between them. It has been running since January 2010 and extracted over 450 million candidate statements, 28 million of which remain in iteration 1100. NELL's generated data comprises all the candidate statements, together with detailed metad...

Annotating RDF triples within a context (such as prove-nance) is becoming more and more important in the recent years. A number of approaches exist to represent this annotations, but how to distinguish the information of each context and be able to reason with it is still a challenge. In this work, we present formalizations of the necessary transfo...

The field of Complex Event Processing (CEP) deals with the techniques and tools developed to efficiently process pattern-based queries over data streams. The Semantic Web, through its standards and technologies, is in constant pursuit to provide solutions for such paradigm while employing the RDF data model. The integration of Semantic Web technolo...

In this research, we investigate the problem of ontology construction in both automatic and semi-automatic approaches. There are two key issues for the ontology construction process: the cold start problem (i.e. starting the development of an ontology from a blank page) and the lack of availability of domain experts. We describe a functionality for...

Being able to describe quantity values and their units is a requirement that is common to many applications in several industrial sectors such as manufacturing, transport and logistics, personal and public health, smart cities, energy, environment, buildings, agriculture. Different ontologies have been developed to describe units, their relations,...

Linked Data Platform 1.0 (LDP) is the W3C Recommendation for exposing linked data in a RESTful manner. While several implementations of the LDP standard exist, deploying an LDP is still manual and tighly coupled to the chosen implementation. As a consequence, the same design (in terms of how the data is organised) is difficult to reuse in different...

In this research, we investigate the problem of ontology construction in both automatic and semi-automatic approaches. There are two key issues for the ontology construction process: the cold start problem (i.e. starting the development of an ontology from a blank page) and the lack of availability of domain experts. We describe a functionality for...

The Internet of Things (IoT) plays an ever-increasing role in enabling Smart City applications. An ontology-based semantic approach can help improve interoperability between a variety of IoT-generated as well as complementary data needed to drive these applications. While multiple ontology catalogs exist, using them for IoT and smart city applicati...

Linked Data Platform 1.0 (LDP) is the W3C Recommendation for exposing linked data in a RESTful manner. While several implementations of the LDP standard exist, deploying an LDP from existing data sources still involves much manual development. This is because there is currently no support for automatizing generation of LDP on these implementations....

To keep up with current technological developments, the engineering of multi-agent systems (MAS) has to provide solutions to: (i) support large scale systems, (ii) cope with open systems, and (iii) support humans in the loop. In this paper, we claim that the World Wide Web provides a suitable middleware for engineering MAS that address these challe...

NELL is a system that continuously reads the Web to extract knowledge in form of entities and relations between them. It has been running since January 2010 and extracted over 50,000,000 candidate statements. NELL's generated data comprises all the candidate statements together with detailed information about how it was generated. This information...

An Advanced Traveler Information System (ATIS) aims at providing travelers with multi-modal trip planning, route guidance services and advisory functions. Most ATIS's provide travel solutions that cover only specific geographic areas, travel modes and/or transport operators, and are insufficiently personalized. Moreover, the solutions are normally...

Multi-goal pathfinding (MGPF) is a problem of searching for a path between a start and a destination that allows a set of goals to be satisfied along the path. In this paper, we address MGPF in the context of ubiquitous environments such as airports, commercial centers and smart campuses that accommodate cyber, physical and social entities from sma...

Following the Linked Data principles means maximizing the reusability of data over the Web. Reuse of datasets can become apparent when datasets are linked to from other datasets, and referred in scientific articles or community discussions. It can thus be measured, similarly to citations of papers. In this paper we propose dataset reuse metrics and...

We address the problem of providing contextual information about a logical formula (eg provenance, date of validity, or confidence) and representing it within a logical system. In this case, it is needed to rely on a higher order or non standard formalism, or some kind of reification mechanism. We explore the case of reification and formalize the c...

Multi-goal pathfinding (MGPF) is a problem of searching for a path between a start and a destination allowing a set of goals to be satisfied. We address MGPF in ubiquitous environments that accommodate cyber, physical and social (CPS) entities from smart objects to sensors and to humans. Given a MGPF problem in a pervasive environment, our approach...

Multi-goal pathfinding (MGPF) is a problem of searching for a path between an origin and a destination, which allows a set of goals to be satisfied. We are interested in MGPF in ubiquitous environments that are composed of cyber, physical and social (CPS) entities from connected objects, to sensors and to people. Our approach aims at exploiting dat...

RDF provides the means to publish, link, and consume heterogeneous information on the Web of Data, whereas OWL allows the construction of ontologies and inference of new information that is implicit in the data. Annotating RDF data with additional information, such as provenance, trustworthiness, or temporal validity is becoming more and more impor...

RDF aims at being the universal abstract data model for structured data on the Web. While there is effort to convert data in RDF, the vast majority of data available on the Web does not conform to RDF. Indeed, exposing data in RDF, either natively or through wrappers, can be very costly. Furthermore, in the emerging Web of Things, resource constrai...

RDF aims at being the universal abstract data model for structured data on the Web. While there is effort to convert data in RDF, the vast majority of data available on the Web does not conform to RDF. Indeed, exposing data in RDF, either natively or through wrappers, can be very costly. In this context, transformation or mapping languages that def...

Annotating semantic data with metadata is becoming more and more important to provide information about the statements. While there are solutions to represent temporal information about a statement, a general annotation framework which allows representing more contextual information is needed. In this paper, we extend the 4dFluents ontology by Welt...

The extraction of information from social media is an essential yet complicated step for data analysis in multiple domains. In this paper, we present Vigi4Med Scraper, a generic open source framework for extracting structured data from web forums. Our framework is highly configurable; using a configuration file, the user can freely choose the data...

Extension of Welty and Fikes’ 4dFluents Ontology to any number of context dimensions.

Annotating semantic data with metadata is becoming more and more important to provide information about the statements. While there are solutions to represent temporal information about a statement, a general annotation framework which allows representing more contex- tual information is needed. In this paper, we extend the 4dFluents on- tology by...

Applications envisioned for the Internet of Things (IoT) would generally have to fulfill their design goals by mashing up devices and digital services in a manner that is both flexible, such that they can adapt to dynamic environments, and responsive, such that they can react to sensor and user input in a timely fashion. Most existing approaches fo...

To cope with dynamic environments, Internet of Things (IoT) applications are expected to autonomously discover and interact with services at runtime in pursuit of design or user-specified goals. On the one hand, various paradigms and technologies are available to program goal-driven autonomous software agents, and on the other hand hypermedia-drive...

Complex Event processing (CEP) usually focuses on analyzing raw atomic events in order to detect composite events. Usually, a composite event is defined as the pattern actively searched by a CEP system. However, considering uncertainty in some paradigms, such as internet of things, is still an open issue. In current approaches the confidence value...

Annotating semantic data with metadata is becoming more and more important to provide information about the statements being asserted. While initial solutions proposed a data model to represent a specific dimension of meta-information (such as time or provenance), the need for a general annotation framework which allows representing different conte...

This paper describes a new formalism based on multi-level networked knowledge (MLNK), a combination of different ontologies describing heterogeneous and complementary domains aligned with semantic correspondences. Ontology alignments make explicit the correspondences between terms from different ontologies and must be taken into account in reasonin...

While a number of quality metrics have been successfully proposed for datasets in the Web of Data, there is a lack of trust metrics that can be computed for any given dataset. We argue that reuse of data can be seen as an act of trust. In the Semantic Web environment, datasets regularly include terms from other sources, and each of these connection...

In the Resource Description Framework, literals are composed of a UNICODE string (the lexical form), a datatype IRI, and optionally, when the datatype IRI is rdf:langString, a language tag. Any IRI can take the place of a datatype IRI, but the specification only defines the precise meaning of a literal when the datatype IRI is among a predefined su...

In the smart city domain, many projects and works are generating essential information. Open and efficient sharing of this information can be beneficial for all parties ranging from researchers, engineers or even governments. To our knowledge, there is currently no full-fledged semantic platform which properly models this domain, publishes such inf...

While a number of quality metrics have been successfully proposed for datasets in the Web of Data, there is a lack of trust metrics that can be computed for any given dataset. We argue that reuse of data can be seen as an act of trust. In the Semantic Web environment, datasets regularly include terms from other sources, and each of these connection...

Advanced, highly specialized economies require instant , robust and efficient information flows within its value-added and Supply Chain networks. Especially also in the context of the recent Industry 4.0, smart manufacturing or cyber-physical systems initiatives more efficient and effective information exchange in supply networks is of paramount im...

Nous présentons le prototype d'une extension pour MediaWiki qui permet l'édition collaborative d'ontologies par les experts de domaines, ainsi que la publication des ontologies conformément aux bonnes pratiques du W3C. Introduction. Nous présentons LINKEDVOCABULARYEDITOR 1 , le prototype d'une extension pour MediaWiki qui en transforme une instance...

Representation and reasoning about context information is a main research area in Ambient Intelligence (AmI). Context modeling in such applications is facing openness and heterogeneity. To tackle such problems, we argue that usage of semantic web technologies is a promising direction. We introduce CONSERT, an approach for context meta-modeling offe...

Autonomy is a central property in robotic systems, human-machine interfaces, e-business, ambient intelligence and assisted living applications. As the complexity of the situations the autonomous agents may encounter in such contexts is increasing, the decisions those agents make must deal with new issues, e.g. decisions involving contextual ethical...

This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-conference proceedings of the Satellite Events of the 12th International Conference on the Semantic Web, ESWC 2015, held in Portorǒz, Slovenia, in May/June 2015. The volume contains 12 poster and 22 demonstration papers, selected from 50 submissions, as well as 22 best workshop papers selected from...

Semantic interoperability facilitates Health Care and Life Sciences (HCLS) systems in connecting stakeholders at various levels as well as ensuring seamless use of healthcare resources. Their scope ranges from local to regional, national and cross-border. The use of semantics in delivering interoperable solution for HCLS systems is weakened by fact...

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 12th Extended Semantic Web Conference, ESWC 2014, held in Anissaras, Portoroz, Slovenia, in May/June 2015. The 43 revised full papers presented together with three invited talks were carefully reviewed and selected from 164 submissions. This program was completed by a demonstration and poster se...

RDF defines the concept of RDF datasets, a structure composed of a distinguished RDF graph and zero or more named graphs, being pairs comprising an IRI or blank node and an RDF graph. While RDF graphs have a formal model-theoretic semantics that determines what arrangements of the world make an RDF graph true, no agreed formal semantics exists for...

Management and recognition of event patterns is becoming thoroughly ingrained in many application areas of Semantically enabled Complex Event Processing (SCEP). However, the reliance of state-of-the-art technologies on relational and RDF triple model without having the notion of time has severe limitations. This restricts the system to employ tempo...

Developing applications across the physical-digital space requires the homogeneous interconnection of people, physical devices, services and various data sources as first-class entities of complex socio-technical systems. In this paper, we describe socio-technical networks (STNs) as the building blocks of a semantic, open and distributed Social Web...