Anthony Kyriakopoulos

• BSc (Hons) Dip.LSHTM MSc Ph.D. FIBMS
• Head of Department at Nasco AD Biotech Lab

Deuterium is a heavy isotope of hydrogen, with an extra neutron, endowing it with unique biophysical and biochemical properties compared to hydrogen. The ATPase pumps in the mitochondria depend upon proton motive force to catalyze the reaction that produces ATP. Deuterons disrupt the pumps, inducing excessive reactive oxygen species and decreased A...

Deuterium is a natural heavy isotope of hydrogen, having a neutron as well as a proton. Deuterium disrupts ATP synthesis in mitochondria, causing increased production of reactive oxygen species and reduced synthesis of ATP. Gut microbes likely play a significant role in providing deuterium depleted short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) to human colonocyt...

Deuterium is a natural isotope of hydrogen, containing a neutron as well as a proton, which makes it twice as heavy as hydrogen. In this paper, we develop a theoretical argument that human metabolism strives to minimize the amount of deuterium in mitochondrial water, because it causes a stutter in ATPase pumps, introducing excess reactive oxygen sp...

Deuterium is a natural heavy isotope of hydrogen, having a neutron as well as a proton. Theoretically, deuterium disrupts ATP synthesis in mitochondria, causing increased production of reactive oxygen species and reduced synthesis of ATP. Gut microbes likely play a significant role in providing deuterium depleted short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) to...

Deuterium is a natural heavy isotope of hydrogen, containing a neutron and a proton. This gives it distinct biophysical and biochemical properties, compared with hydrogen. Deuterium alters enzymatic activity in significant ways. Human metabolic processes minimize the amount of deuterium in mitochondrial water, because it causes a dysfunction in mit...

Taurine, although not a coding amino acid, is the most common free amino acid in the body. Taurine has multiple and complex functions in protecting mitochondria against oxidative-nitrosative stress. In this comprehensive review paper, we introduce a novel potential role for taurine in protecting from deuterium (heavy hydrogen) toxicity. This can be...

Lutein, a plant-derived xanthophyl-carotenoid, is an exceptional antioxidant and anti-inflammatory constituent found in food. High dietary intake of lutein is beneficial against eye disease, improves cardiometabolic health, protects from neurodegenerative diseases, and is beneficial for liver, kidney, and respiratory health. Lutein protects against...

A plethora of autoimmune disease incidences occured after COVID-19 mRNA injections were rolled out. Aggressive cancer cases have occurred in the bodies of recipients at sites where the mRNA was injected and at distant metastatic sites. The mRNA vaccines cause thymic involution (shrinking) and dysregulation of the T regulatory (Treg) and T effector...

Lutein, a plant-derived xanthophyl-carotenoid, is an exceptional antioxidant and anti-inflammatory constituent found in food. High dietary intake of lutein is beneficial against eye disease, improves cardiometabolic health, protects from neurodegenerative diseases, and is beneficial for liver, kidney, and respiratory health. Lutein protects against...

Deuterium is a non-radioactive isotope of hydrogen, containing a neutron as well as a proton, which makes it twice as heavy as hydrogen. Deuterium is a natural element found at 156 parts per million in seawater. Human metabolism employs clever strategies to minimize the amount of deuterium in mitochondrial water, because it causes a stutter in ATPa...

Background: β-thalassemia heterozygotes produce sensitive levels of fetal hemoglobin and hemoglobin A2 to remain asymptomatic for life compared to β-thalassemia intermedia and β-thalassemia major patients. The asymptomatic β0 thalassemia minor individuals rarely deteriorate to the point of requiring a blood transfusion. Case report: An asymptomatic...

An asymptomatic individual with a pure β0-thalassemia trait, after his first and only Pfizer modified mRNA COVID-19 injection, immediately developed cardiological, neurological, and other clinically important symptoms. The patient’s severe physical impairments resembled a presyncope (about to feint) syndrome. Multiple hematological tests prior to a...

Background: β-thalassemia heterozygotes produce sensitive levels of fetal hemoglobin and hemoglobin A2 to remain asymptomatic for life compared to β-thalassemia intermedia and β-thalassemia major patients. The asymptomatic β0 thalassemia minor individuals rarely deteriorate to the point of requiring a blood transfusion. Case report: An asymptomatic...

Background The composition of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) defines its sensory, nutritional, and human health benefits, and distinguishes it as a key component of the Mediterranean diet. Nevertheless, EVOO constituents are susceptible to degradation during processing and storage, which reduces the olive oil's quality and limits its shelf life. The...

Lutein, a plant-derived xanthophyl-carotenoid, is an exceptional antioxidant and anti-inflammatory constituent found in food. High dietary intake of lutein is beneficial against eye disease, improves cardiometabolic health, protects from neurodegenerative diseases, and is beneficial for liver, kidney, and respiratory health. Lutein protects against...

According to the CDC, both Pfizer and Moderna COVID‐19 vaccines contain nucleoside‐modified messenger RNA (mRNA) encoding the viral spike glycoprotein of severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by corona virus (SARS‐CoV‐2), administered via intramuscular injections. Despite their worldwide use, very little is known about how nucleoside modificatio...

Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder, the prevalence of which has increased dramatically in the United States over the past two decades. It is characterized by stereotyped behaviors and impairments in social interaction and communication. In this paper, we present evidence that autism can be viewed as a PIN1 deficiency syndrome. Peptidyl‐prolyl...

When an antigen stimulates the immune system, specific T regulatory (Treg) and T effector (Teff) subpopulations develop from naïve T cells. The Treg cell population will produce the memory Treg (mTreg) cells against that specific antigen. An inappropriate homeostatic balance among Teff, Treg and mTreg cells can direct the immune system toward eithe...

Lutein, a plant-derived xanthophyl-carotenoid, is an exceptional antioxidant and anti-inflammatory constituent found in food. High dietary intake of lutein is beneficial against eye disease, improves cardiometabolic health, protects from neurodegenerative diseases, and is beneficial for liver, kidney, and respiratory health. Lutein protects against...

Lutein dietary rich supplementation has the potential to alleviate inflammatory processes caused by SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Lutein can alleviate oxidative and nitrosamine stress found in Post COVID 19 and mRNA vaccination Injury syndromes. Best way to provide diet rich lutein is in the Extra Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO), when lutein is maintained stab...

We report on an aggressive, infiltrating, metastatic, and ultimately lethal basaloid type of carcinoma arising shortly after an mRNA vaccination for COVID-19. The wife of the patient, since deceased, gave the consent for publishing the case. The malignancy was of cutaneous origin and the case showed symptoms consistent with Bell's palsy and trigemi...

As a result of the spread of SARS-CoV-2, a global pandemic was declared. Indiscriminate COVID-19 vaccination has been extended to include age groups and naturally immune people with minimal danger of suffering serious complications due to COVID-19. Solid immuno-histopathological evidence demonstrates that the COVID-19 genetic vaccines can display a...

The SARS-CoV-2 spike protein is a long-lasting foreign pathogenic protein found in cells and tissues after COVID-19 respiratory illness and COVID-19 vaccination. The spike protein incites an inflammatory response and is a potent activator of nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB). It can adversely impact any of the v...

As a result of the spread of SARS-CoV-2, a global pandemic was declared. Indiscriminate COVID-19 vaccination has been extended to include age groups and naturally immune people with minimal danger of suffering serious complications due to COVID-19. Solid immuno-histopatholog-ical evidence demonstrates that the COVID-19 genetic vaccines can display...

Human prion protein and prion-like protein misfolding are widely recognized as playing a causal role in many neurodegenerative diseases. Based on in vitro and in vivo experimental evidence relating to prion and prion-like disease, we extrapolate from the compelling evidence that the spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 contains extended amino acid sequ...

Abstract The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein and prions use common pathogenic pathways to induce toxicity in neurons. Infectious prions rapidly activate the p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, and SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins rapidly activate both the p38 MAPK and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (J...

Background The findings of a sequence embedded in Human DNA that was almost identical to a sequence in the SARS-CoV-2 genome, and the identification of plausible integration of SARS-CoV-2 RNA into human DNA by endogenous reverse transcriptase activity expressed by Long Interspersed Nuclear Element (LINE)-1 (17% of Human DNA) have raised concerns ab...

Background: The integration of genetic code from RNA viruses into host DNA, once thought to be a rare or even impossible phenomenon, is now recognized as probable. The Long Interspersed Nuclear Element (LINE)-1 mediated mechanism of insertion implies that many viral RNAs (apart from retroviral) can be reverse transcribed and then stably incorporate...

Schubert et al. 1 have reported high Helicobacter pylori resístance rates for clarithromycin in the past 20 years in Australia. Likewise, H. pylori resistance rates are 21.4% for clarithromycin in Europe. 2 In this respect, regarding arising aspects of H. pylori-related microbial resistance, biofilm formation by H. pylori favours both genetic and p...

Background The findings of a sequence embedded in Human DNA that was almost identical to a sequence in the SARS-CoV-2 genome, and the identification of plausible integration of SARS-CoV-2 RNA into human DNA by endogenous reverse transcriptase activity expressed by Long Interspersed Nuclear Element (LINE)-1 (17% of Human DNA) have raised concerns ab...

Psoriasis is a chronic skin auto-inflammatory and systemic disorder. Novel treatments are needed to solve a plethora of cases refractory to current treatment regimens. N-bromotaurine (TauNH-Br), a natural taurine oxidizing derivative produced by inflammatory cells, has anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, and antimicrobial properties. This evidenc...

Psoriasis is a chronic skin auto-inflammatory and systemic disorder. Novel treatments are needed to solve a plethora of cases refractory to current treatment regimens. N-bromotaurine (TauNH-Br), a natural taurine oxidizing derivative produced by inflammatory cells, has anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, and antimicrobial properties. This evidenc...

Taurine haloamines, N-chlorotaurine (NCT, TauCl), and N-bromotaurine (NBT, TauBr) are formed by a reaction between taurine and hypohalous acids, HOCl and HOBr, respectively. The major source of endogenous taurine haloamines is neutrophils. Both NCT and NBT share strong anti-inflammatory and microbicidal activities supported by an absence of microbi...

The mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccines were brought to market in response to the public health crises of Covid-19. The utilization of mRNA vaccines in the context of infectious disease has no precedent. The many alterations in the vaccine mRNA hide the mRNA from cellular defenses and promote a longer biological half-life and high production of spike protein....

The mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccines were brought to market in response to the widely perceived public health crises of Covid-19. The utilization of mRNA vaccines in the context of infectious disease had no precedent, but desperate times seemed to call for desperate measures. The mRNA vaccines utilize genetically modified mRNA encoding spike proteins. Thes...

Codon optimization describes the process used to increase protein production by use of alternative but synonymous codon changes. In SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines codon optimizations can result in differential secondary conformations that inevitably affect a protein’s function with significant consequences to the cell. Importantly, when codon optimizatio...

Citation: Anthony M Kyriakopoulos and Peter A McCullough. "Does the High Binding Affinity of Analogue Caps to the elF4E Obey the Laws of Thermodynamics for Cellular Health?". EC Microbiology 17.10 (2021): 23-25. Living organisms can be defined, as far as thermodynamics is concerned, as open systems at a state of non-equilibrium with many internal v...

The structure of synthetic mRNAs as used in vaccination against cancer and infectious diseases contain specifically designed caps followed by sequences of the 5′ untranslated repeats of β-globin gene. The strategy for successful design of synthetic mRNAs by chemically modifying their caps aims to increase resistance to the enzymatic deccapping comp...

The structure of synthetic mRNAs as used in vaccination against cancer and infectious diseases contain specifically designed caps followed by sequences of the 5’ untranslated repeats of β-globin gene. The strategy for successful design of synthetic mRNAs by chemically modifying their caps aims to increase resistance to the enzymatic deccapping comp...

Taurine is a fundamental mediator of homeostasis that exerts multiple roles to confer protection against oxidant stress. The development of hypertension, muscle/neuro‑ associated disorders, hepatic cirrhosis, cardiac dysfunction and ischemia/reperfusion are examples of some injuries that are linked with oxidative stress. The present review gives a...

To develop novel therapeutic methods for both diabetic and renal disorders, scientists had initially focused on elucidating the molecular mechanisms of taurine in established cell lines and mouse models. Although a large amount of data have been revealed, taurine has been confirmed to be the next step of novel promising therapeutic interventions ag...

The current severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic warrants an imperative necessity for effective and safe vaccination, to restrain Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) including transmissibility, morbidity, and mortality. In this regard, intensive medical and biological research leading to the development of an arsena...

Background For Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2, the investigation of the heterogeneity of individual infectiousness is important due to the recorded widespread cross reactive immunity of general population that can alter transmission dynamics. We therefore aimed to understand how SARS-COV-2 transmits in the general population in rel...

Inflammation is the most common cause of most acute and chronic debilitating diseases. Towards unveiling novel therapeutic options for patients with such complications, N‑bromotaurine (TauNHBr) has emerged as a potential anti‑inflammatory agent; however, its therapeutic efficacy is hindered due to its relatively poor stability. To address this chal...

Background: Taurine (Tau) ameliorates cancer pathogenesis. Researchers have focused on the functional properties of bromamine T (BAT), a stable active bromine molecule. Both N-bromotaurine (TauNHBr) and BAT exert potent anti-inflammatory properties, but the landscape remains obscure concerning the anti-cancer effect of BAT. Methods: We used Crys...

SARS COV-2 immuno epidemiology and transmission characteristics predict for variations in individual effectiveness between age groups. This may have to do with cross reactive immunity of general populations encountered in previous SARS-1 patients and uninfected individuals to SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2. THsi is important to consider for mass popul...

For Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-COV-2) the investigation of the heterogeneity of individual infectiousness becomes important due to the cross reactive immunity of general population. Using a sample of infected population with SARS-COV-2 in close geographical proximity to the initial Severe Advanced Respiratory Syndrome-1 (...

Coronaviruses, members of Coronaviridae family, cause extensive epidemics of vast diseases like severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) in animals and humans. Super spread events (SSEs) potentiate early outbreak of the disease and its constant spread in later stages. Viral recombination events within species a...

For one century, taurine is considered as an end product of sulfur metabolism. In this review, we discuss the beneficial effect of taurine, its haloamines and taurine upregulated gene 1 (TUG1) long non‑coding RNA (lncRNA) in both cancer and inflammation. We outline how taurine or its haloamines (N‑Bromotaurine or N‑Chlorotaurine) can induce robust...

Taurine (2‑aminoethanesulfonic acid) contributes to homeostasis, mainly through its antioxidant and osmoregulatory properties. Taurine's influx and efflux are mainly mediated through the ubiquitous expression of the sodium/chloride‑dependent taurine transporter, located on the plasma membrane. The significance of the taurine transporter has been sh...

Microbial species can act in synergy to circumvent environmental stress conditions and survive. In addition, biofilms are a serious public-health issue globally and constitute a clinical emergency. Infection persistence, increased morbidity and mortality , and antibiotic resistance are consequences of poly-microbial synergy. Due to inherited comple...

Corona viruses cause extensive SARS epidemics via super spread events (SSE). Due to variation in infection risk and heterogeneity of reproduction numbers specific distinction between SSE’s and typical case events is essential. SARS transmissions unveil a complex scenario in which SSE’s are shaped by multiple factors. Specific screening strategies f...

Taurine haloamines (N-chlorotaurine, N-bromotaurine) due to their strong antiseptic and anti-inflammatory properties are good candidates for topical application in treatment of skin inflammatory/infectious disorders. Recently, we have demonstrated that more stable N-bromotaurine analogs (N-dibromo-dimethyl taurine, N-monobromo-dimethyl taurine) and...

We present a case of a 91-year-old female with stage 5 renal disease, diabetes type 2, and considerable weakness, suffering from a 2-month-old wound infected by a multiresistant Staphylococcus aureus. The wound measured 7 cm in length, 5 cm in width, and 1.5 cm in depth, having purulent white edges and exudates exceeding the size of the wound. The...

Combined Biological Effects of N-Bromotaurine Analogs and Ibuprofen. Part I: Influence on Inflammatory Properties of Macrophages. Walczewska M1, Ciszek-Lenda M1, Peruń A1, Kiecka A1, Nazimek K1, Kyriakopoulos A2, Nagl M3, Gottardi W3, Marcinkiewicz J1 Author information Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 01 Jan 2019, 1155:1015-1031 DOI:...

One of the fundamental discoveries in the field of biology is the ability to modulate the genome and to monitor the functional outputs derived from genomic alterations. In order to unravel new therapeutic options, scientists had initially focused on inducing genetic alterations in primary cells, in established cancer cell lines and mouse models usi...

Autophagy is considered to be a survival promoting process that ensures cell survival under conditions of stress, through protein and organelle recycling. Although the role of autophagy in normal cells is fairly clear, in cancer cells it has been found both to promote and to suppress tumorigenesis. In contrast to normal cells, DNA repair and autoph...

Even though the accrual of transcripts is implicated in distinct disease states, our knowledge regarding their functional role remains obscure. The CRISPR system has surged at the forefront of genome engineering tools in the field of RNA modulation. In the present review, we discuss some exciting applications of the CRISPR system, including the man...

Clinical Relevance Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) including aspirin are of intensive use nowadays. These drugs exert their activity via the metabolism of arachidonic acid (AA) by cyclooxygenase inhibition. Though beneficial for health in some instances, both unspecific and specific cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity interfere with AA...

Hellenic Philosopher Heraclitus (600BC) described the nature’s law of the opposites. In medicine this is observed by the disease / antidote relation. It seems that Artemisinin, the so-called antidote for curing malaria, being produced by nature, is a good example for the law of the opposites. Ge Hong (284-363 AC), was a Chinese medical physician wh...

The antimicrobial resistance to newer agents tends to increase the weight of infectious disease morbidity and mortality. This has increased the interest for alternative approaches that enhance the natural defense of immune system. Innate immunity is a complex, evolutionary modified and multi-parameter line of defense against infectious agents that...

Taurine (2-aminosoulphonic acid) is the most abundant free amino-acid in human organism and has an essential role in bile salts formation, the homeostatic maintenance, the osmotic regulation, and the stabilation of cellular membranes. In addition, the antiapoptotic effects and the anti-oxidant activities of taurine are essential for cyto-protection...

Ethnopharmacological relevance: Cornus mas L. (cornelian cherry) fruits have been used for centuries as traditional cuisine and folk medicine in various countries of Europe and Asia. In folk medicines, the fruits and other parts of the plant have been used for prevention and treatment of a wide range of diseases such as diabetes, diarrhea, gastroi...

Glucocorticoids (GCs) are frequently used in anticancer combination regimens; however, their continuous use adds selective pressure on cancer cells to develop GC-resistance via impairment of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), therefore creating a need for GC-alternatives. Based on the drug repurposing approach and the commonalities between inflammat...

The medicinal properties of Cornus mas L. (=Cornus mascula L.), Cornaceae, are well described in Hippocratian documents, and recent research provides experimental evidence for some of these properties. However, the chemical components of Cornus mas L. that may be of pharmaceutical importance are relatively unstable. In this respect a novel methodol...

One new β-hydroxychalcone, 4-acetoxy-5,2′,4′,6′,β-pentahydroxy-3-methoxychalcone (1), one new flavanone, 7,3′-dihydroxy-5,4′-dimethoxyflavanone (2) and seven known compounds, 2R, 3R-trans-aromadendrin (3), naringenin-7-O-methylether (4), myricetin (5), quercetin-3-O-rutinoside (6), ursolic acid (7), gallic acid (8) and d-glucose (9) were isolated f...

Virgin Olive Oil is a unique divine mixture of extreme biological value. The percentage of essential fatty acids, phenolic, sterolic and stanolic composition reflect its nutritional and pharmaceutical characteristics. Recent data of progress on Lipoxygenase metabolic pathway of arachidonic acid has proven molecules like 5-OXO-HETE responsible for i...

The human hair follicle cycle is nowadays adequately understood. The molecular mechanisms responsible for hair growth that involve a cascade of genes, is also being unravelled by a series of studies. The human hair follicle represents a unique, highly regenerative neuroectodermal-mesodermal interaction system that contains numerous stem cells. As t...

To compare the chromosomal types of Mycobacterium avium strains infecting HIV-negative and AIDS patients in Greece. In total, 41 Mycobacterium avium isolates, 23 from AIDS and 18 from HIV-negative patients, were compared by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of genomic DNA after XbaI digestion. The majority (87%) of AIDS isolates were from disseminat...

Forty human clinical Mycobacterium avium-M. intracellulare complex strains isolated in Greece were characterized to the species level by PCR with three sets of primers specific for one or both species. M. avium predominated in both human immunodeficiency virus-positive and -negative patients, but the frequency of M. intracellulare isolation appeare...

A randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis was performed for the molecular typing of Mycobacterium avium strains. This method was applied to epidemiologically unrelated M. avium strains isolated from the blood of 10 different AIDS patients and to strains that were considered epidemiologically related, as they had been isolated from the sa...

The expression of PECAM, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and E-selectin was studied in 64 samples of human coronary arteries taken from 15 explanted hearts obtained within 5 min of transplantation. Normal artery (n = 12), predominantly fibrous plaques (n = 23), and plaques containing extracellular lipid (n = 26) and three segments showing recanalization channels w...