Anthonia O Ogbera

Lagos State University | LASU · College of Medicine

Protozoa are parasitic organisms that are among the most important pathogens worldwide. They are classified into four groups and in infected persons, the disease process may be asymptomatic. Of the four groups, Flagellates and Sporozoa are implicated in the causation of endocrine dysfunction and metabolic abnormalities. The disease condition caused...

Musculoskeletal (MSK) conditions are more frequently found among patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) than in the non-diabetics. Despite several reports outside Africa, they have been under-studied among Africans. This study aimed to assess the overall prevalence and predictors of MSK conditions in Nigerian with types 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A...

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a diverse set of metabolic disorders initiated by either a lack of insulin, opposition to its action, or both. The aim of this study was to assess the association between glycemic control and the periodontal/caries status of controlled diabetic patients at Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja. Materials a...

Background Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose (SMBG) is a vital constituent of diabetes care. The aim of this study was to document the practice, determinants and effects of SMBG in our setting. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out on 249 adult type 2 diabetic subjects who attended the diabetes clinic of the Lagos State University Teachin...

Guidelines for Diabetes Management in Nigeria 2nd Edition 2013

Background: Hyperthyroidism is a common endocrine disorder with multi-systemic effects, the least reported of which is bone loss and fractures. Objective: The aim was to evaluate the risk factors, pattern and frequency of bone fractures among Nigerians with hyperthyroidism. Methodology: An analytical study was undertaken of 40 patients with hyperth...

Objective The osteoporosis in thyroid disorder has the lowest report especially in sub-Saharan Africa. This study aims to determine the prevalence, predictive factors, and characteristics of osteoporosis in hyperthyroid patients. Method Forty (40) hyperthyroid patients and healthy controls ages 21–50 years were recruited in this study. Questionnai...

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a diverse group of metabolic disorders initiated by either a lack of insulin, resistance to its effects, or both. The oral cavity and its associated structures are also affected by the local and systemic effects of this condition. The aim of this study was thus to determine the oral health awareness and oral self-ca...

Background: The adrenal gland is not spared from the involvement by tuberculosis. One of the recognized causes of adrenal insufficiency (AI) is tuberculosis. AI, mostly at the subclinical level, is common in persons with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) infection, occurring in about 23% of patients. Coinfection with PTB and human immunodeficiency virus...

Introduction: stroke is a major public health problem worldwide. Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia and smoking are some of the common modifiable risk factors in the occurrence of stroke. Therefore, this study was designed to assess the prevalence and patterns of dyslipidaemia among individuals with acute stroke. Methods: this is a retr...

Background: With the advent of highly effective anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) drugs, efforts to identify infected cases, high-risk groups, and associated risk factors have become the focus of current control measures. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of the HCV antibody among diabetics and patients with lymphoproliferative disorders (LPD)...

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) which is defined as the accumulation of fat >5% of liver weight is increasingly becoming an important cause of chronic liver disease. This article tries to chronicle advances that have occurred in the understanding of the pathogenesis, pathology as well as the management of this disease. We have done a Medl...

Background Identifying the risk factors for diabetes mellitus related foot ulceration would save more limbs from amputation. This report focuses on the determining the burden of peripheral arterial disease and neuropathy in persons with diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods This is a descriptive study carried out in the Diabetic Clinic of the Lagos Stat...

Purpose: Dietary modification in association with life style changes is important in the management of the diabetes. Cereals account for as much as 77% of total caloric consumption in most African diets. Corn which is the largest cultivated cereal crop in Nigeria is prepared as a meal in many forms. The objective of this study was to assess the gly...

Objective The objective is to document the clinical profile of diabetes mellitus (DM) in tuberculosis (TB). Type of study This was a descriptive observational study. Methods A total of 4000 persons aged above 12 years with a confirmed diagnosis of TB and on treatment were recruited. The study subjects were screened for DM and diagnoses were made on...

BACKGROUND: Subclinical hypothyroidism has been documented to have a positive effect on the clinical presentation and outcome in acute ischemic stroke.

Cortisol measurement is indicated in suspected over or underproduction of cortisol by the adrenal cortex. The finding of low cortisol can create concern and initiate further investigations for the exclusion of adrenal insufficiency. Cushing's syndrome is frequently included in the differential diagnosis of obesity. Some literature describes reduced...

Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycaemia. In the oral cavity, diabetes mellitus may lead to salivary dysfunction, increased susceptibility of oral tissues to trauma and periodontal disease. There is a possibility that oral health education and oral prophylaxis may have a positive impact on the OHRQOL of dia...

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a diverse group of metabolic disorders that is often associated with a high disease burden in developing countries such as Nigeria. In the early nineties, not much was known about DM in Nigeria and traditionally, people related DM to "curses" or "hexes" and diagnosis was made based on blood or urinary tests for glucose. Cu...

HE are common acute complications of diabetes mellitus (DM) and include diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), normo-osmolar hyperglycemic state (NHS) and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS). They contribute a lot to the mortality and morbidity of DM. The clinical features include dehydration, hyperglycemia, altered mental status and ketosis. The basic me...

Background: The aim of this report was to assess the efficacy and safety of a combination of vitamin E, an antioxidant, and Eve Primrose in the management of painful diabetes mellitus (DM) neuropathy. Materials and Methods: This was an interventional study that evaluated the efficacy and safety of a combination of vitamin E and Eve Primrose in the...

Background Stroke is a major health issue in Nigeria and it is also a common cause of emergency admissions. Stroke often results in increased morbidity, mortality and reduced quality of life in people thus affected. The risk factors for stroke include metabolic abnormalities such as dyslipidaemia and diabetes mellitus (DM). The stress of an acute s...

Background: This study was conceived to determine the ventilatory pattern of patients with diabetes as well as the effect of body mass index, age, glycosylated haemoglobin, duration of diabetes and blood glucose levels on their pulmonary functions.

Background High red blood cell distribution width (RDW) is related to impairment of erythropoiesis, reflecting chronic inflammation and increased levels of oxidative stress, both of which are telltale signs of type 2 diabetics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the RDW and fasting blood sugar/blood pressure, and compare...

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) and diabetes mellitus (DM) are two diseases that are individually relatively common and of immense public health significance globally. There is a growing awareness on a global scale on the possible relationship between TB and DM. Nigeria is a country with a high burden of TB and an increasing incidence of DM. We set o...

Background Hospitals have a role to play in supporting, protecting and promoting breastfeeding. The aim of this study was to describe hospital breastfeeding policy and practices and breastfeeding rates among mothers attending General Paediatric Outpatient Clinic at a tertiary hospital in Lagos, Nigeria. Methods This was a cross-sectional study inv...

Nigeria is a country saddled with a high tuberculosis (TB) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) burden but the possible combination of these communicable diseases with diabetes mellitus (DM) has been overlooked. We undertook to determine the burden of HIV and DM in persons with TB by documenting the prevalence rates of these disorders. This is a...

Introduction The Mean platelet volume and platelet counts are indicators of thrombotic potentials, and risk factors for microvascular complications in diabetics. This study aimed to establish variations in platelet counts and mean platelet volume in type 2 diabetic patients on treatment and non-diabetic controls. Methods This was an unmatched case...

OBJECTIVE: We sought to document the pattern of distribution of cytokines in Nigerian subjects with type 2 DM and compare cytokine levels between DM subjects with and without the Mets.

There is a World Diabetes Foundation funded research on detection of diabetes mellitus (DM) in tuberculosis (TB) which is currently being carried out in 56 TB centers in Lagos State Nigeria and against this background, we decided to evaluate the knowledge of DM and (TB) amongst the health workers from these facilities. We employed the use of self-a...

Undoubtedly, Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa with about 400 ethnic groups and languages. There is a double burden of disease with rising incidence and prevalence of diabetes mellitus. World Health statistics indicate that Nigeria has the highest number of diabetics in sub-Saharan Africa. In spite of advances in diabetes care and faci...

In Nigeria, much has been reported on the unacceptably high disease burden of Tuberculosis (TB) and Diabetes Mellitus (DM) but not the possible co-existence of these diseases. This study was conducted to document the co-existence of DM and TB in persons with established TB. This was a cross-sectional study conducted at a Tertiary hospital's Directl...

Notable lipid abnormalities in DM include elevated LDL-C which have been reported to be the prevalent lipid abnormality in DM and elevated total cholesterol levels. Although the Statins are widely used in the management of lipid abnormalities, their effects on the lipid abnormalities in Nigerians with DM has not been extensively evaluated. This rep...

Undoubtedly, Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa with about 400 ethnic groups and languages. There is a double burden of disease with rising incidence and prevalence of diabetes mellitus. World Health statistics indicate that Nigeria has the highest number of diabetics in sub-Saharan Africa. In spite of advances in diabetes care and faci...

Achieving good glycemic control is of paramount importance in the reduction of diabetes mellitus (DM) associated morbidity and mortality. Insulin plays a key role in the management of DM but unfortunately whilst some healthcare providers present insulin as a treatment of last resort , patients on insulin often have insulin related issues such as ne...

Tetanus is a life threatening preventable infection with a high mortality. Our aim was to determine the current case fatality rate at our centre in a retrospective case review of patients aged > 10 years who had been hospitalized with tetanus between August 2006 and July 2011. We show the intrahospital case fatality rate. Data are based on 176 case...

Background: The prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes are increasingly high in developing countries, where detection rates remain very low. This manuscript discusses the rationale, challenges and opportunities for early detection of diabetes and prediabetes in developing countries. Methods: PubMed was searched up to March 2012 for studies addre...

Introduction Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) is an entity characterized by the presence of GAD autoantibodies. LADA is largely understudied and underreported amongst Nigerians with Diabetes Mellitus (DM). We undertook to document the Prevalence, clinical and biochemical characteristics of LADA in a subset of Nigerians who hitherto had b...

Diabetes Mellitus is the commonest endocrine-metabolic disorder in Nigeria similar to the experience in other parts of the world. The aim was to assess the clinical and laboratory profile, and evaluate the quality of care of Nigerian diabetics with a view to planning improved diabetes care. In a multicenter study across seven tertiary health center...

Unlabelled: Introduction: Nigeria is a developing country that is currently witnessing an upsurge in diabetes mellitus and obesity with its antecedent consequences. There is also a fairly high prevalence of asthma affecting an estimated 10.7% of the population. There is no data presently on the possible presence of metabolic syndrome in Nigerian...

Background: There are increasing reports on the association between the testosterone deficiency syndrome (TDS) and increased risk of development of the metabolic syndrome - a well recognized cardiovascular risk factor in men with diabetes mellitus. Objective: To determine the relationship between serum testosterone levels and components of the m...

The clustering of cardiovascular risk factors and diseases has grievous implications on overall morbidity and mortality. There is however relative paucity of this information among the Nigerian population. This study was aimed at defining the prevalence of the clustering of hypertension (HT), diabetes mellitus (DM) and dyslipidemia (DYSL) in a Nige...

The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and its components in people with thyroid disorders. 112 subjects with a history of thyroid disorders were consecutively enrolled for the study. Clinical data were obtained by interviewing the patients and referring to their case folders and prescriptions. The sub...

Background. Sensory neuropathy (SN) is one of the most common AIDS-associated neurologic disorders especially in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of SN among highly-active-antiretroviral-therapy- (HAART-) experienced and HAART-naïve HIV-positive individuals and to investi...

Acute Phase Reactants (APRs) have a wide range of activities that contribute to host defense. The aim of this report was to evaluate the dynamics and magnitude of these proteins in various microvascular complications in diabetes mellitus (DM). We also sought to assess the predictive values of APRs and other clinical variables for microvascular comp...

Objective: Diabetes mellitus has been associated with increased risk of oxidative stress. There is limited information on the significance of an early marker of oxidative stress which can reflect the total antioxidative activity, especially in poorly controlled diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to establish association of glycaemic contr...

To determine the frequency of occurrence of hypoadrenalism in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and document the clinical correlates of hypoadrenalism for this group of patients. A descriptive study was carried out on 66 hospitalized HIV patients in a semi-urban setting of South Africa. Hypoadrenalism was diagnosed based on...

To determine the frequency of testosterone deficiency syndrome (TDS) in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). A cross-sectional study. The Gbagada General Hospital, Gbagada Lagos, Nigeria, from December 2009 to May 2010. A total of 203 men with type 2 DM aged 30-86 years were evaluated for TDS by a combination of positive ADAM (androgen deficienc...

The aim of the present study was to evaluate possible clinical and psychosocial variables that influence diabetes self-care management in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A total of 150 individuals with T2DM who had had diabetes for at least 6 months were recruited to this cross-sectional study. Levels of self-care and psychosocial st...

Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the periodontal status of diabetic patients receiving care at the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital (LASUTH), Ikeja. In addition, an assessment of their oral health related quality of life was done using the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) Materials and methods: A cross sectional survey was...

To determine the frequency of hyperfibrinogenaemia, elevated C-reactive protein, hyperuricaemia and elevated lipoprotein A in a clinic population of patients with type 2 Diabetes mellitus (DM) compared with healthy controls; and determine the interrelationship between fasting plasma glucose levels and indices of long-term glycaemic control (fructos...

Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), an emerging aspect of the management of chronic diseases worldwide is not widely studied in Nigerian patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). To assess the frequency and pattern of CAM utilization in people with DM . This was a cross-sectional question-naire survey involving 263 patients with DM. Biodata,...

Thyroid disorders are common endocrine disorders encountered in the African continent. Environmental and nutritional factors are often implicated in the occurrence of some thyroid disorders that occur in this part of the world. This is a narrative review that seeks to document the pattern, prevalence, and management of thyroid disorders in the cont...

To find out the prevalence, clinical and biochemical correlates of Breast Artery Calcification (BAC) in the Nigerian women. This is a cross sectional study involving 54 consecutive adult female subjects sent to the Radiology Department of the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital (LASUTH), Ikeja-Lagos, Nigeria for screening and diagnostic mammog...

There is limited literature on hypernatreamia in the setting of hyperglycaemic crisis. This is despite the fact that the presence of hypernatreamia may impact on the classification of hyperglycaemic crisis and its management particularly with regards to the nature of fluid therapy. We determined the prevalence of hypernatreamia and its associated f...

Liver disease continues to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa, including Nigeria, due to the high endemicity of viral hepatitis B. However non-alcoholic fatty liver disease may be an important contributory factor. The impact of fatty liver disease in our region has not been evaluated. To determine the prevalence of no...