Anselm Kratochwil

Osnabrück University | UOS · Ecology

A photo documentation of a sleeping aggregation of Amegilla quadrifasciata (Villers, 1789) subspecies maderae (Sichel, 1867), endemic to the Madeira Archipelago, is presented. About 40 males rested together on withered twigs of Ageratina adenophora (Asteraceae), attached to stems by their mandibles. Many specimens had the body slightly angled horiz...

The aim of this study was to analyse the intra-island distribution pattern, the habitat preferences, and the flower-visiting behaviour of the wild bee species of Madeira Island. The total dataset from Madeira Island includes 2,226 data from 491 localities (1,029 with flower visits on 112 plant taxa belonging to 39 plant families). We sampled a tota...

Hochmontane Borstgrasrasen (Leontodonto-Nardetum) im Schwarzwald: Entstehung, Bewirtschaftung und Veränderungen der floristischen Struktur in den letzten 40 Jahren Mat grassland of the upper montane level (Leontodonto-Nardetum) in the Black Forest: origin, management and changes of the floristic structure in the last 40 years The Leontodonto pyr...

WARNCKE (1968) described Andrena maderensis fratella and A. maderensis notata as subspecies of A. maderensis COCKERELL, 1922. Later, this author changed the taxonomical status of A. m. fratella to A. cyanomicans fratella (WARNCKE 1974). DYLEWSKA (1983) grouped A. m. notata with A. cyanomicans and synonymised A. m. notata with A. cyanomicans mirna W...

Oceanic islands have long been considered engines of differentiation and speciation for terrestrial organisms. Here we investigated colonisation and radiation processes in the Madeira Archipelago and the Canary Islands of the Andrena wollastoni group of bees (subgenus Micrandrena ), which comprises six endemic species and five endemic subspecies on...

Mat-grass swards (Festuco-Genistelletum sagittalis) of the montane level in the southern Black Forest: Changes of an endangered plant community in the last 40 years Summary We investigated stands of the Festuco-Genistelletum sagittalis in the Black Forest. We were able to compare 60 phytosociological relevés with an average size of 21 m2 for two ti...

First record of a gynandromorph of Osmia submicans MORAWITZ, 1870 (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae)-characterisation by morphological and morphometric parameters and critical note on gynander classification Anselm KRATOCHWIL A b s t r a c t : The first record of a gynandromorph of Osmia submicans MORAWITZ, 1870 (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae) with a nearly...

Within the scope of a butterfly survey on Porto Santo (Madeira Archipelago, Portugal), an 'Alba' male of Colias croceus was detected and collected. Although older literature sources report occurrences of rare 'Alba' colour morphs in males of other Colias species, for example, in C. philodice, recent publications consider the colour polymorphism of...

In a taxonomical study, the taxa of the Andrena wollastoni group (Madeira Archipelago, Canary Islands) were newly revised (KRATOCHWIL 2020). In the frame of the fieldwork for this taxonomical publication, we also enlarged the knowledge of the flower-visiting behaviour and the habitats of these wild-bee taxa on the Canary Islands. They inhabit Gran...

A revision of taxa of the Andrena wollastoni group (Madeira Archipelago, Canary Islands) was carried out. The taxonomical status of A. wollastoni WARNCKE, 1968 (Madeira Island), A. dourada KRATOCHWIL & SCHEUCHL, 2013 (Porto Santo), and three subspecies of A. wollastoni COCKERELL, 1922, from the Canary Islands has been evaluated. Included in the ana...

The aim of this study was to analyse wild bee-plant interactions in Madeira Island and construct a network structure covering the largest parts of the island and most altitudes and habitat types. The interaction data were sampled at 179 localities from 1989 to 2012 mainly by the authors; additionally, data from the collections of the Laboratório Ag...

Porto Santo (Madeira Archipelago) is a relatively old (11.1 to 14.3 Ma) and small volcanic island in the Atlantic Ocean. The main part of the island is characterised by semiarid climate and xeric vegetation, while the higher altitudes show subhumid conditions. So far, 11 butterfly species (Papilionoidea) have been detected on Porto Santo. The occur...

A checklist of wild-bee species of the Madeira Archipelago and the Selvagens Islands is presented. Until yet, twenty species have been detected in the Madeira Archipelago (Madeira Island: sixteen species, Porto Santo: nine species, Desertas: four species). Eight species are endemic to the Madeira Archipelago: seven on species rank, one on subspecie...

Porto Santo (Madeira Archipelago) is a relatively old (11.1-14.3 Ma) and small volcanic island in the Atlantic Ocean. Due to the low altitudes of the mountains, the main part of the island is characterised by a semiarid climate and xeric vegetation; only a small part shows subhumid conditions. We were able to study the wild-bee fauna and the bee-pl...

The Atlantic island groups of Macaronesia are an ideal model for the demonstration of colonisation processes by wild bees and are therefore an excellent example for questions of island biogeography. Azores, Madeira, canary and Selvagens Islands, as well as cape verde, have had diflerent geological histories and show strong modifications of the clim...

Six syntypes of Andrena wollastoni COCKERELL, 1922, endemic to Madeira Island and collected by T. V. Wollaston or someone of his fellow collectors, were detected in the Natural History Museum of London (NHMUK). The female specimen characterised by COCKERELL with a type label will be designated as lectotype (documented by photos); the five other spe...

Impacts of climate change on individual species are increasingly well documented, but we lack understanding of how these effects propagate through ecological communities. Here we combine species distribution models with ecological network analyses to test potential impacts of climate change on 4700 plant and animal species in pollination and seeddi...

Supplementary Figures and Supplementary Tables

Network metrics, climatic niche breadth and climatic suitability change. For 295 plant and 414 animal species, we provide information on plant and animal taxonomy (class, order, family), the effective number of interaction partners, complementary specialization d' (uniqueness of interaction partners relative to other species [range 0-1]), range siz...

Metadata of 13 mutualistic networks. Given are network type, geographic location, habitat type, sampling duration and the number of visitation events, plant and animal species in each network. We only included species in the networks for which occurrence data were available and provide the number of excluded plant and animal species for the study t...

Wild bees play an important role within pollinator-plant webs. The structure of such networks is influenced by the regional species pool. After special filtering processes an actual pool will be established. According to the results of model studies these processes can be elucidated, especially for dry sandy grassland habitats. After restoration of...

Only one species of the Hymenoptera Apoidea Anthophila is native to Iceland: Bombus jonellus (Kirby, 1802). A second species, Andrena tarsata Nylander, 1848, is mentioned by SCHMIEDEKNECHT (1882–1884), but there is reasonable doubt of an existence in Iceland. Four bumblebee species were introduced: B. hortorum (Linnaeus, 1761), first detection in 1...

Forest preserves (‘Bannwälder’) within Baden-Württemberg are protected areas without direct human influence. Hunting is solely allowed to ensure substantially reduced impact of game animals. Our study area (‘Bannwald Flüh’; 50.4 ha; 513-740 m a.s.l.) is situated in the lower montane belt of the Southern Black Forest near Schönau/Wiesetal. It was es...

We studied community structures of mainly threatened types of sandy dry grassland, and those of flower-visiting wild bees, in successional, non-ruderal or ruderal gradients in the Upper Rhine Valley (Germany). We searched for congruent characteristics in the floristic/faunistic structure of plant and bee species, and for differences between two stu...

Andrena (Suandrena) portosanctana COCKERELL, 1922, endemic to Porto Santo, Madeira Archipelago, Portugal, was described by Cockerell on the basis of three females collected in the year 1921. No further specimens were found until the year 2011, when two females of this species (collecting date 1995) were detected in a German private collection. In t...

Andrena (Micrandrena) dourada nov.sp. from Porto Santo, Madeira Archipelago, Portugal is described. A. diagnosis of this species differing from that of its closest relative, A. wollastoni COCKERELL 1922 (endemic to Madeira Island), is presented. Different morphological features are primarily found in body length, wing length, facial fovea index, cl...

For many years scientists have become fascinated by dry inner alpine vegetation sites, giving detailed descriptions of these types with reference to different scale levels. This fascination is partly based on the high level of species richness and, above all, on the occurrence of rare species and those with disjunct distribution. Our survey will st...

Investigations on long-term persistence of Corynephorus canescens populations in a large restoration area in an alluvial landscape (NW Germany). - Open sand vegetation on inland dunes is among the most endangered vegetation types of Central Europe. Weakly competitive pioneer species with subatlantic distribution, such as the grey-hair grass (Coryne...

Carabid beetles, bees, butterflies and a small number of other beetle taxa were sampled during excursions to sites in the Prespa region, Greece, during the Ninth European Dry Grasslands Meeting. Sampling was mainly by hand-searching and netting, and also a small number of pitfall traps. A considerable number of carabid beetles were caught and that...

Altogether 205 relevés of running-water vegetation complexes throughout the Black Forest were analysed by multivariate methods. For this dataset a conventional phytosociological classification already existed. DCA (Detrended Correspondence Analysis) shows a clear differentiation of the intensity of human impact as well as the separation of running-...

Habitat fragmentation is believed to be a key threat to biodiversity as it decreases the probability of survival of populations, reduces gene flow among popula-tions and increases the possibility of inbreeding and loss of genetic diversity within populations. Heathlands represent excellent systems to study fragmentation effects as the spatial and t...

We analysed the interaction web of a plant-bee pollinator community (Hymenoptera: Apidae, honeybees excluded) for two years. Based on the ordination of the incidence matrix, both webs showed coherence and clumping but no species turnover. While this may indicate a moderate set of nested subsets and sub-communities, further analysis of nestedness di...

1. The evaluation of restoration measures is an important task of conservation biology. Inland sand dunes and dry, oligotrophic grasslands have become rare habitat types in large parts of Central Europe and their restoration and management is of major importance for the preservation of many endangered plant and insect species. Within such habitats,...

Das Vorkommen von Sandökosystemen im Binnenland (Flugsand- und Decksandfelder, Dünen) ist vor allem an Sand-Akkumulationen der vorletzten Eiszeit (in Nordeuropa: Saaleeiszeit und Sand-Ablagerungen an größeren Flüssen gebunden. So finden wir die Verbreitungsschwerpunkte von binnenländischen Sandökosystemen in Mitteleuropa einerseits vor allem im Ber...

Seven years of inland sand dunes-flood channel-restoration - an evaluation To counteract the increasing disappearance of inland sand-dune complexes a typical vegetation complex composed of inland sand dunes and seasonally flooded grasslands was restored on sites which were located on two meander loops of the Hase river (Haseluenne, Emsland) and had...

Spontaneous recolonisation of a restored inland dunes-flood channel-vegetation complex in the floodplain of the Hase river (Lower Saxony) bywild bees (Hymenoptera Apoidea) The realization of a large restoration project in north-western Germany had the aim to restore a typical floodplain composed of inland sand dunes and flooded grasslands. Within t...

Habitat fragmentation is believed to be a key threat to biodiversity, with habitat specialists being stronger affected than generalists. However, pioneer species might be less affected by fragmentation, as their high colonization potential should increase gene flow. Here, we present an analysis of the genetic structure of populations of the solitar...

Within a vegetation complex of a traditional pasture landscape situated in the Emsland region (northwestern Germany) the effects of extensive cattle grazing on the vegetation structure of Spergulo-Corynephoretum typicum and S.-C. cladonietosum in comparison to non-grazed sites were studied on 12 specific dates during the vegetation period. Besides...

We tested the new Ellenberg–Pignatti indicator values in Festucetalia valesiacae communities of three valley regions (southern inner Alps: Valle d’Aosta, Valtellina, Valle Venosta/Vinschgau). In these landscape types gradients of all value types exist: light (L), temperature (T), moisture (F/M), nitrogen (N), continentality (C) and soil reaction (R...

Sampling of soil seed banks is known to be methodologically difficult, as diaspore distribution in soil is often patchy. Especially rare plant species are inherently difficult to detect. In our study we validated the accuracy of a sampling method which is based on a high number of individual sample units (100 soil cores/plot, altogether 12 plots) g...

Extensive alluvial pasture landscapes with high biodiversity were for centuries characteristic of the northwestem German lowland plains, but for 50 years nearly all have been replaced by intensive agricultural management systems. As part of a rehabilitation project an alluvial pasture landscape along the River Hase (Ems river basin) was to be redev...

An important theme of this paper is to search for more generalities of pattern and diversity on the level of vegetation complexes. For this purpose the landscape sections chosen as investigation areas not only represent different mosaic habitats but have been selected according to climatic gradients and different human impact to test, e. g., hypoth...

In a sand-ecosystem (Allio-Stipetum complex) situated in the nature reserve “Griesheimer Düne und Eichwäldchen” (Darmstadt) influences of sheep grazing on wild-bee coenosis and on their food resources were studied. A three-year study (following initial grazing) comparing vegetation on grazed and ungrazed areas shows a significant increase of some p...

In the Emsland region the impact of cattle grazing on the vegetation of semi-open pasture landscapes was studied by exclosure experiments and a raster-based analysis (50-m spacing) of grazing pressure. The exclosure experiment refers to inland sand dune complexes, whereas the raster-based analysis comprises the whole vegetation mosaic of the open p...

In the Emsland region (northwestern German lowland) it was possible to restore inland sand dune complexes in an alluvial pasture landscape, characterised by pioneer stands, wetlands and dry sites on formerly intensively managed maize/cereal field and pasture areas. As reference we chose a target pasture landscape with endangered plant communities (...

The hypothesis examined in this study is that it is possible to convert a levelled, heavily fertilized agricultural area to a new pasture landscape. The target is to restore site-typical habitat complexes of a flood-plain ecosystem. After having created favourable abiotic conditions (dikes were moved backwards, a landscape relief was developed char...

In the course of a four-year project the effects of extensive grazing in sand ecosystems were studied. The research work focused on two sandy areas: (1) sand ecosystems as well as restoration areas situated in the upper Rhine valley which were newly grazed with mostly landrace breeds of sheep (partly also with donkeys and goats); (2) target areas c...

After a short characterisation of wild bees, their role as key-stone species in communities and a discussion of the ecological consequences of the "pollination crises" for natural and man-made habitats, the analysis is focused on the wild bees of Germany as a model for Central European wild bee communities. Three quarters of all German bee species...

The impact of cattle grazing on selected characteristic and dominant plant species of three sandy grassland communities in northwestern Germany (Spergulo-Corynephoretum typicum, S.-C. cladonietosum and Diantho-Armerietum) is investigated with regard to the loss of above-ground diaspores in the course of a vegetation period. Special attention is giv...

In Germany, sand ecosystems are among the endangered habitats, particularly the open and the ecotone-rich forms including open oak and pine woodland. A practicable nature conservation concept has to take into account the often anthropo-zoogenically caused dynamics of sand ecosystems. The conservation of these ecosystems is problematic, as they form...

This volume contains a selection of 14 articles dealing with different aspects of biomonitoring and their relation to questions of global change. During the last 10-15 years, vegetation changes due to various causes have been more intensively studied in biological and environmental sciences. Especially aspects of global warming lead to a great vari...

A scientific treatment of biodiversity must aim at the development of a generally valid theory, for only in this way, the scientific foundations for pragmatic approaches to the preservation of biodiversity can be worked out. This is also embodied in the “International Convention” on the protection and conservation of biodiversity, which was passed...

The term ,,biocoenosis", coined by Karl Möbius in 1877, was for several decades only used by zoologists and limnologists. GAMS (1918) first introduced it into geobotany. In the present article, we outline Möbius' definition of the biocoenosis and redefine it from today's point of view. Several current objects of biocoenosis research will be exempla...

This volume does not aim at merely adding to the vast and increasing number of individual publications on `biodiversity'. Rather it is our objective to investigate biodiversity on the previously little studied coenosis and landscape levels. Phytosociological and animal-ecological fields are considered, as well as theoretical approaches to biodivers...

With its application also to land ecosystems, the "island theory" has considerably influenced the practical nature conservation and the landscape planning. After a short characterization of the central points of the MACARTHUR-WILSON theory, its range of validity, its applicability for terrestrial Habitat islands, as well as its practical and curren...

An evaluation of landscape parts in the light of nature protection and conservation requires a synoptical compilation of landscape-ecological, vegetation-ecological, and animal-ecological data. Owing to the complexity and largeness of the areas to be nevaluated, a biocoenological/landscape-ecological method is proposed, following the concept of "ta...

In north-western Germany, grazed woodland landscapes belong to the ecosystems of particularly high biological diversity. They developed as a consequence of an extensive, long-lasting management by man. A park-like vegetation arised, consisting of a very diverse mosaic of different vegetation units. On the basis of an analysis of this vegetation mos...

Eine Formulierung von Zielarten und Zielartengruppen bildet die Grundlage für Maßnahmen der Dauerbeobachtung und der Erfolgskontrolle. Besonders erfolgversprechend ist hierbei ein biozönologisch-landschaftsökologischer Ansatz, der auf der Erfassung von Pflanzengesellschaften, Vegetationskomplexen und den für sie typischen Tierarten und Tierartengru...

In north -western Germany a grazed woodland and pasture landscape has been developed by man in an extensive process, lasting more than 3,000 years. As a consequence of this influence a park-like landscape locally arose, with a mosaic of different plant and animal communities of high α- and ß -diversity (open dune habitats, grassland communities, un...

This study analyses biologically managed grassland (approximately 40 years) in a geologically differentiated area in south-west Germany. Comparisons are made with conventionally managed grassland by means of classical phytosociological and multivariate methods. Hereby the surrounding vegetation is included. The significance of different management...