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Introduction
Current institution
Additional affiliations
July 2007 - July 2010
Publications
Publications (80)
Equine models are useful in biomechanics research of locomotion due to their similarity in musculoskeletal tissue to humans, their athletic nature, and rapid skeletal development which permits ontogenetic studies. However, a continuing challenge in musculoskeletal models for large animal biomechanics is measuring the ground reaction force (GRF) dur...
OBJECTIVE
To establish the reference interval (RI) of fecal calprotectin (fCP) and fCP:protein ratio in the feces of healthy horses and demonstrate preliminary clinical utility for the quantification of intestinal inflammation.
METHODS
Feces were collected from healthy horses (n = 103) and horses with colic (n = 15) or colitis (n = 13). Feces were...
Equine gastrointestinal microbial communities vary across the gastrointestinal tract and in response to diet or disease. Understanding the composition and stability of gastric fluid microbiota in healthy horses is a prerequisite to understanding changes associated with the development of disease. The objective of this study was to describe microbia...
OBJECTIVE
To optimize and evaluate methods for the detection of the inflammatory biomarkers myeloperoxidase (MPO) and calprotectin (CP) in equine feces by ELISA.
ANIMALS
Healthy horses (n = 28) and horses with intestinal inflammation (n = 10).
METHODS
Feces were suspended in buffer to create fecal supernatant. Serum and fecal supernatant were ana...
OBJECTIVE
To assess the repeatability of infrared thermometer temperature readings and evaluate the correlation between digital rectal temperature and infrared thermometer temperatures taken at different locations in healthy afebrile horses.
ANIMALS
101 afebrile horses ≥ 1 year old.
METHODS
Digital rectal temperatures and infrared temperatures fr...
Objective
To compare plasma l‐lactate (LAC) values between samples collected from jugular and cephalic venipuncture in healthy horses and systemically ill horses.
Design
Prospective, experimental study.
Setting
Large animal university teaching hospital.
Animals
Thirty healthy adult university‐owned horses and 43 client‐owned horses presenting to...
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the incidence of surgical site infections (SSIs) in dogs undergoing a tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) with silver-coated (SC) and noncoated (NC) TPLO plates.
ANIMALS
65 dogs (73 surgical procedures).
METHODS
Client-owned dogs undergoing a TPLO procedure between November 2021 and May 2023 were prospectively enrolled....
Objective
To compare vertebral implant placement in the canine thoracolumbar spine between 3D‐printed patient‐specific drill guides (3DPG) and the conventional freehand technique (FH).
Study design
Ex vivo study.
Animals
Cadaveric canine spines ( n = 24).
Methods
Implant trajectories were established for the left and right sides of the T10 throu...
Background
Globoid cell leukodystrophy (GCL) is a fatal autosomal recessive disease caused by variants in the galactosylceramidase (GALC) gene. Two dog breed‐specific variants are reported.
Objectives
Characterize the putatively causative GALC variant for GCL in a family of dogs and determine population allele frequency.
Animals
Four related mixe...
Objective:
The aim of this study was to identify the radiographic prevalence of periarticular osteophytes of the distal tarsus in nonlame yearling Standardbred horses, and to evaluate its potential impact on race performance.
Study design:
Cross-sectional cohort study.
Animals:
Client-owned yearling Standardbred horses (n = 416).
Methods:
Bi...
Objectives:
To evaluate suturing skills of veterinary students using 3 common performance assessments (PAs) and to compare findings to data obtained by an electromyographic armband.
Sample:
16 second-year veterinary students.
Procedures:
Students performed 4 suturing tasks on synthetic tissue models 1, 3, and 5 weeks after a surgical skills co...
The prevalence of orthopedic implants is increasing with an aging population. These patients are vulnerable to risks from periprosthetic infections and instrument failures. Here, we present a dual-functional smart polymer foil coating compatible with commercial orthopedic implants to address both septic and aseptic failures. Its outer surface featu...
Density-modulus relationships are necessary to develop finite element models of bones that may be used to evaluate local tissue response to different physical activities. It is unknown if juvenile equine trabecular bone may be described by the same density-modulus as adult equine bone, and how the density-modulus relationship varies with anatomical...
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) administration carries risks of gastrointestinal toxicity. Selective COX-2 inhibitors ("coxibs") were designed to reduce risks of adverse effects but are still associated with gastrointestinal complications in humans. The effect of coxibs on colonic inflammation and integrity in horses is unknown. The st...
Objective:
To evaluate the effects of ala vestibuloplasty on cardiopulmonary and lifestyle-related parameters in brachycephalic (BC) cats.
Study design:
Prospective cohort.
Animals:
Client-owned BC cats (n = 19).
Methods:
Cats were assessed preoperatively by airway computed tomography (CT), endoscopy, contrast echocardiography, cardiac bioma...
While macroglossia is a newly accepted component of brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS) in dogs, macroglossia with increased tongue fat is a well-known cause for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in people, and targeted reduction procedures such as midline glossectomy are used to treat people with OSA. While midline glossectomy has been d...
OBJECTIVE
To compare the pharmacokinetics between repeated doses and to characterize changes in the fecal microbiome after oral and rectal multidose misoprostol administration.
ANIMALS
6 healthy university-owned geldings.
PROCEDURES
In a randomized, crossover study, misoprostol (5 μg/kg) was administered orally or rectally every 8 hours for 10 do...
Objective:
To determine the influence of brachycephaly on respiratory, gastrointestinal, sleep, and activity-related parameters in cats.
Study design:
Prospective questionnaire-based study.
Animals:
A total of 194 BC and 1003 non-BC cats.
Methods:
Owners completed an online questionnaire regarding respiratory, gastrointestinal, sleep, and ac...
Intervertebral disc degeneration is a common cause of low back pain, the leading cause of disability worldwide. Appropriate preclinical models for intervertebral disc research are essential to achieving a better understanding of underlying pathophysiology and for the development, evaluation, and translation of more effective treatments. To this end...
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the effect of the cyclooxygenase-2–selective NSAID firocoxib, compared to the nonselective NSAID flunixin meglumine on viscoelastic coagulation parameters in healthy horses.
ANIMALS
12 healthy adult mixed-breed horses.
PROCEDURES
Following a crossover protocol, horses were administered flunixin meglumine (1.1 mg/kg, IV, q 12...
Objective
To evaluate the heart rate (HR) and systemic arterial pressure (sAP) effects, and propofol induction dose requirements in healthy dogs administered propofol with or without guaifenesin for the induction of anesthesia.
Study design
Prospective blinded crossover experimental study.
Animals
A total of 10 healthy adult female Beagle dogs....
Objective:
To assess the effect of repeated freezing and thawing on the suture pull-out strength in arytenoid and cricoid cartilages subjected to the laryngoplasty (LP) procedure.
Study design:
Ex vivo experimental study.
Sample population:
Ten grossly normal equine cadaveric larynges.
Methods:
Bilateral LP constructs were created using a st...
Objective:
To describe misoprostol pharmacokinetics and anti-inflammatory efficacy when administered orally or per rectum in endotoxin-challenged horses.
Animals:
6 healthy geldings.
Procedures:
A randomized 3-treatment crossover design was performed with a minimum washout period of 28 days between treatment arms. Prior to endotoxin challenge...
Objective:
To evaluate previously published predictive survival models in a population of horses undergoing colic surgery in the midwestern United States.
Study design:
Retrospective cohort study; single referral hospital.
Animals:
A total of 260 horses met the inclusion criteria.
Methods:
Medical records of horses undergoing surgical treatm...
Objectives
To determine the stance duration and ground reaction forces (GRF) of horses with deep digital flexor (DDF) tendinopathy at the level of the foot and compare the stance duration and GRF to those of clinically sound horses.
Design
Prospective clinical study.
Animals
Sixteen horses (seven horses with bilateral forelimb lameness, four hors...
Background
Plantar osteochondral fragments (POF) are common but their effect on joint health of young Standardbreds in race training is largely unknown.
Objectives
Evaluate the inflammatory effects of POF in metatarsophalangeal joints of young Standardbreds as a step towards developing evidence‐based recommendations for surgical removal.
Study de...
This chapter describes considerations that should be taken into account when choosing a venous catheter. It aims to list indications for the placement of a urinary catheter, and calculates the appropriate volume for a whole blood transfusion. The chapter explores the potential pitfalls and complications of nasogastric and orogastric intubation, and...
Osteoarthritis is a common and debilitating disease affecting horses across breeds and disciplines. Although the cornerstone of therapy among equine practitioners remains systemic and local anti-inflammatory medications, this approach only addresses the symptoms of osteoarthritis, rather than modifying the progression of the disease itself. There h...
Clinical case presentations detail unique and clinically relevant anatomical features about the equine eye, ear, tongue, paranasal sinuses, guttural pouches, nasopharynx, and larynx. The equine skull, atlanto-occipital joint, nuchal bursa, spinal cord, and esophagus are highlighted. One of these cases discusses a congenital developmental disorder—c...
Background
Equine gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS) is a common and significant cause of morbidity in horses, with a range of clinical signs, including inappetence, colic and poor performance. Hospitalised horses are exposed to factors that may induce EGUS, including fasting and nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug (NSAID) administration, and may be at...
Objective
To evaluate the airway mechanics of modified toggle LP constructs in an airflow chamber model and compare these to the airway mechanics of standard LP constructs.
Study design
Ex-vivo experimental study.
Sample population
Fifty-one equine cadaveric larynges.
Methods
Bilateral LP constructs were performed using a modified toggle (n = 23...
Objective:
To evaluate synoviocentesis of the equine forelimb digital flexor tendon sheath (DFTS) via a basilar sesamoidean approach (BSA) or distal approach (DA).
Animals:
21 healthy adult horses without DFTS-related lameness.
Procedures:
The forelimbs of each horse underwent the BSA or DA (21 limbs/approach) performed by 1 individual. The vo...
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common cancer affecting the equine eye. A missense variant within the gene damage-specific DNA binding protein 2 (DDB2 c.1013C>T, p.Thr338Met) was previously identified as a causal recessive genetic risk factor for the development of ocular SCC within Haflingers, Belgian Draft horses, and Rocky Mountain Hor...
Background
Post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) is a common and significant problem in equine athletes. It is a disease of the entire joint, with the synovium thought to be a key player in disease onset and progression due to its role in inflammation. The development of effective tools for early diagnosis and treatment of PTOA remains an elusive go...
Background
Diseases affecting the internal umbilical remnant are common in foals. Ultrasound is used to diagnose abnormalities of these structures, and to monitor treatment. However, little is known about the progression of normal internal umbilical remnant regression.
Objectives
To document normal regression of the umbilical remnant in foals over...
Bone adaptation is in part driven by mechanical loading, and exercise during youth has been shown to have life-long benefits for bone health. However, the development of early exercise-based interventions that reduce the incidence of fractures in racing horses is limited by the lack of characterization of normal development in growing bone. Previou...
Objective:
To characterize the pharmacokinetics of a clinically relevant dose of misoprostol administered PO or per rectum (PR) to horses.
Animals:
8 healthy adult horses.
Procedures:
In a randomized 3-way crossover design, horses received a single dose of misoprostol (5 μg/kg) administered PO (with horses fed and unfed) and PR, with a minimum...
Skeletogenesis is complex and incompletely understood. Derangement of this process likely underlies developmental skeletal pathologies. Examination of tissue-specific gene expression may help elucidate novel skeletal developmental pathways that could contribute to disease risk. Our aim was to identify and functionally annotate differentially expres...
Objective
To report the outcome of horses engaged in Western performance disciplines after stifle arthroscopy and identify prognostic factors for return to performance.
Study design
Retrospective case series.
Sample population
Eighty‐two Western performance horses undergoing stifle arthroscopy.
Methods
Medical records were reviewed for horses in...
Several horse breeds have been specifically selected for the ability to exhibit alternative patterns of locomotion, or gaits. A premature stop codon in the gene DMRT3 is permissive for “gaitedness” across breeds. However, this mutation is nearly fixed in both American Standardbred trotters and pacers, which perform a diagonal and lateral gait, resp...
The protein content of amnion is thought to be the primary contributor to its efficacy as a biological dressing for wounds. Protein elution into antibiotic processing media has been reported, but the effect of antiseptic-based processing methods is unknown. Amniotic membranes were collected from eight healthy mares. Samples were collected after rem...
Objective
To determine the influence of tissue preparation and long‐term storage methods on structural integrity and risk of bacterial contamination of equine amnion.
Study design
Prospective experimental investigation
Sample population
Amniotic membranes from 8 healthy mares (n = 440 tested samples).
Methods
Samples for baseline bacteriology an...
Osteochondrosis is a common developmental orthopedic disease characterized by a failure of endochondral ossification. Standardbred horses are recognized as being predisposed to tarsal osteochondrosis. Prior heritability estimates for tarsal osteochondrosis in European Standardbreds and related trotting breeds have been based on pedigree data and ra...
Foot problems are very common causes of lameness in horses. With the recent diagnostic advances to evaluate and treat foot pathology as well as to monitor response to therapy, it is now possible to more accurately evaluate the effectiveness of many of these treatments. This review details some of the recent advances of the most common conservative...
Advances in high-throughput molecular biology and electronic health records (EHR), coupled with increasing computer capabilities have resulted in an increased interest in the use of big data in health care. Big data require collection and analysis of data at an unprecedented scale and represents a paradigm shift in health care, offering (1) the cap...
Background
To date, genome-scale analyses in the domestic horse have been limited by suboptimal single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) density and uneven genomic coverage of the current SNP genotyping arrays. The recent availability of whole genome sequences has created the opportunity to develop a next generation, high-density equine SNP array.
Res...
Background
To date, genome-scale analyses in the domestic horse have been limited by suboptimal single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) density and uneven genomic coverage of the current SNP genotyping arrays. The recent availability of whole genome sequences has created the opportunity to develop a next generation, high-density equine SNP array.
Res...
Recurrent exertional rhabdomyolysis (RER) in Thoroughbred and Standardbred racehorses is characterized by episodes of muscle rigidity and cell damage that often recur upon strenuous exercise. The objective was to evaluate the importance of genetic factors in RER by obtaining an unbiased estimate of heritability in cohorts of unrelated Thoroughbred...
Osteochondrosis (OC), simply defined as a failure of endochondral ossification, is a complex disease with both genetic and environmental risk factors that is commonly diagnosed in young horses, as well as other domestic species. Although up to 50 % of the risk for developing OC is reportedly inherited, specific genes and alleles underlying risk are...
Many North American Standardbreds race at the pace, an alternative two-beat gait characterized by ipsilateral limb movement. Modern breeding distinctly separates pacing lines from trotting, although ~20% of the offspring of trotter stallions race as pacers. A recently described functional mutation in DMRT3 (an isoform of the doublesex and mab-3 rel...
Osteoarthritis (OA) is unquestionably one of the most important chronic health issues in humans, affecting millions of individuals and costing billions of dollars annually. Despite widespread awareness of this disease and its devastating impact, the pathogenesis of early OA is not completely understood, hampering the development of effective tools...
Reasons for performing studyOsteochondrosis (OC) is commonly diagnosed in young Standardbred racehorses but its effect on performance when surgically treated at a young age is still incompletely understood. This is especially true for Standardbred pacers, which are underrepresented in the existing literature. Objective
To characterise the short- (2...
A dominantly inherited gain-of-function mutation in the glycogen synthase (GYS1) gene, resulting in excess skeletal muscle glycogen, has been identified in more than 30 horse breeds. This mutation is associated
with the disease Equine Polysaccharide Storage Myopathy Type 1, yet persists at high frequency in some breeds. Under historical
conditions...
Osteochondrosis (OC) is a common developmental orthopedic disease affecting both humans and animals. Despite increasing recognition of this disease among children and adolescents, its pathogenesis is incompletely understood because clinical signs are often not apparent until lesions have progressed to end-stage, and examination of cadaveric early l...
Annular ligament desmotomy is commonly performed in horses with chronic tenosynovitis. Previously reported tenoscopic techniques have limitations related to haemorrhage and awkward instrumentation. Radiofrequency (RF) energy affords precision and excellent haemostasis and may be a good alternative to sharp transection of the annular ligament in hor...
To characterize pulmonary gas exchange and arterial lactate in horses with gastrointestinal disease undergoing anesthesia, compared with elective surgical horses, and to correlate these variables with postoperative complications and mortality.
Prospective clinical study.
Horses undergoing emergency laparotomy for acute intestinal disease (n = 50) a...
5 Vietnamese potbellied pigs were evaluated for abdominal distress that had not responded to medical treatment (4 pigs) or a draining tract of the cranial abdomen of unknown duration (1 pig).
Clinical signs in the pigs included anorexia, vomiting, and constipation. Physical examination revealed a palpable abdominal mass in all pigs. Radiography rev...
In two experiments, we examined the attentional mechanisms governing sensorimotor skill execution across levels of expertise. In Experiment 1, novice and expert golfers took a series of putts under dual-task conditions designed to distract attention from putting and under skill-focused conditions that prompted attention to step-by-step performance....
