Annelise Folie

Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences · Scientific Survey of Heritage

Here we report on anguimorph lizards from the earliest Eocene (MP 7) of the Dormaal locality in Belgium, from the time of the warmest global climate of the past 66 million years. Several clades can be identified in this site: Glyptosauridae, Varanidae, and Palaeovaranidae. Our study focuses on glyptosaurid specimens previously reported from the sit...

The Wasatchian Wa-0 mammalian fauna from the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (earliest Eocene) is reasonably well sampled in North America, but mammals of small body size are still poorly known. Here we describe a new species of the insectivore Didelphodus based on a cranial rostrum, both dentaries, and a nearly complete upper and lower dentition,...

During the Eocene, world climate experienced rapid and intense global warming, reaching a peak during the Palaeocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM), 56 my ago. The warmest global climate of the past 66 my occurred during the early Eocene epoch (about 56 to 48 mya) when megathermal floral elements, including palms, reached Antarctica. The increase in...

We here report on iguanians (both new and the previous record) from the earliest Eocene (MP 7) of the Dormaal locality in Belgium, from the time of the warmest global climates of the past 66 million years. Today iguanians are distributed mainly in the New World (Pleurodonta) and Old World (Acrodonta), having complicated biogeographic histories. Bot...

Abstract for a talk on 11ISCPP in London UK: With about 200.000 types and 38.000.000 general specimens, the results of nearly two centuries of intensive collecting and research, the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS, Brussels) is a major player in the European framework of scientific research infrastructures for natural history....

Saniwa is an extinct genus of varanid squamate from the Eocene of North America and Europe. Up to now, only one poorly known species, Saniwa orsmaelensis Dollo, 1923, has been reported from Europe. Diagnostic material was limited to vertebrae with only preliminary description and no figure provided, except of one dorsal vertebra that was designated...

We here describe a new gekkotan lizard from the earliest Eocene (MP 7) of the Dormaal locality in Belgium, from the time of the warmest global climates of the past 66 million years (Myr). This new taxon, with an age of 56 Myr, together with indeterminate gekkotan material reported from Silveirinha (Portugal, MP 7) represent the oldest Cenozoic gekk...

The Cretaceous is a key period for anurans, as several clades, such as the aquatic Pipidae and the speciose Neobatrachia (~96 % of extant taxa) underwent a rapid and vast diversification. This event is considered to have taken place on Gondwana, as it was breaking apart into several continents, including South America and Africa. Fossiliferous site...

The Meuse and its tributary valleys contain numerous Late Pleistocene cave sites that have yielded one of the largest collections of Neanderthal and Mousterian lithic industries in Europe. Today, it is an important north–south migratory corridor for flora and fauna, generating rich biotopes. The Quaternary collections of the Royal Belgian Institute...

In the 19th century, natural mummies of amphibians were discovered in the Quercy Phosphorites. The specific collection site was never formally reported, which hampers precise dating of these specimens. Still, the name Bufo servatus was erected based on the external morphology of one of the mummified specimens. A tomography of a similarly preserved...

Depuis près de 10 ans, l’Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique (IRSNB) s’équipe d’outils divers et variés pour numériser et valoriser ses 38 millions de spécimens : système de photostaking, microscope électronique à balayage, photogrammétrie en lumière structurée, micro- et nano-CT scanners et plus récemment scanner surfacique mobile....

Les phosphorites du Quercy forment un ensemble de gisements phosphatés ayant livré une importante faune, couvrant la transition Eocène-Oligocène. Au sein de ces gisements, les restes osseux d’amphibiens sont nombreux, bien que majoritairement isolés. En 1873, plusieurs spécimens d’amphibiens et de serpents en furent extraits, présentant une fossili...

X-ray computed tomography (CT-) scanning is revolutionizing the study of extinct organisms. Its non-invasive and non-destructive character makes it currently by far the most potent method to allow fossils to be studied in three dimensions and with unprecedented detail. More importantly, and differing from other 3D techniques, CT-scanning looks thro...

Les Phosphorites du Quercy sont un ensemble de sites datant de l’Eocène et de l’Oligocène du Sud-Ouest de la France. Ils sont connus pour leurs nombreux restes fossiles, dont des amphibiens, majoritairement représentés sous forme d’ossements isolés. Cependant, en 1873, plusieurs spécimens d’amphibiens à préservation exceptionnelle furent découverts...

La Formation du Shale de Cambay, visible dans les mines de lignite de Vastan, Mangrol et Tadkeswhar au Gujarat, dans l’ouest de l’Inde, a livré une riche faune yprésienne de vertébrés incluant des serpents madtsoïdes, palaeophiidés, booidés et colubroïdes. Ces derniers sont particulièrement abondants mais leurs affinités systématiques sont difficil...

The Quercy Phosphorites are a set of Eocene-Oligocene deposits from South-West France that yielded numerous vertebrate fossils, including amphibians, mostly as isolated bones. However, in 1873, several exceptional amphibian specimens were discovered, with the external surface of the unmineralized tissues preserved, and were commonly referred as “mu...

Les préconceptions ont été activement étudiées en tant qu’élément-clé des difficultés d’apprentissage. Elles ont été rapportées dans une large palette de disciplines, dont l’électricité. Nous investiguons ici l’application d’une formalisation particulière de ce phénomène à l’enseignement de la théorie des circuits en école d’ingénieurs. Notre démar...

A new artiodactyl of moderate size, Rajouria gunnelli nov. gen., nov. sp., is described on the basis of several dentaries, maxillae and isolated teeth from the middle Eocene Subathu Group of the Kalakot area, Rajouri District, Jammu and Kashmir, India. Despite its general resemblance with the family Dichobunidae by the retention of a paraconid on m...

In the XIXth century, natural mummies of amphibians were discovered in the Quercy Phosphorites. The specific collection site has never been formally reported, which hampered precisely dating these specimens. The name Bufo servatus was erected for one these mummies, based on the external morphology of the specimen.The tomography of similarly preserv...

Ten isolated snake vertebrae from Landana and Sassa-Zao, Cabinda Exclave, Angola, present a “primitive” grade morphology with a weak lateral compression and do not belong to Palaeophis aff. typhaeus as originally referred to. They well belong to a single taxon and are here attributed to Palaeophis africanus for which the intracolumnar variation is...

The anatomy of Cambaytherium, a primitive, perissodactyl-like mammal from the lower Eocene Cambay Shale Formation of Gujarat, India, is described in detail on the basis of more than 350 specimens that represent almost the entire dentition and the skeleton. Cambaytherium combines plesiomorphic traits typical of archaic ungulates such as phenacodonti...

The Quercy Phosphorites Formation in France is world famous for its Eocene to Miocene faunas, especially those from the upper Eocene to lower Oligocene, the richest of all. The latter particularly helped to understand the ‘Grande Coupure’, a dramatic faunal turnover event that occurred in Europe during the Eocene-Oligocene transition. Fossils from...

The Ypresian Cambay Shale Formation at Vastan, Mangrol, and Tadkeshwar lignite mines in Gujarat, western India, has yielded a rich vertebrate fauna including madtsoiid, palaeophiid, booid, and colubroidean-like snakes. The latter are particularly abundant, but their systematic affinities are difficult to resolve. Here we describe new specimens of t...

10.1016/j.crpv.2019.11.001

A new artiodactyl of moderate size is described on the basis of several dentaries and maxillae from the middle Eocene Subathu Group of the Kalakot area, Rajouri District, Jammu and Kashmir, India. Despite its general resemblance with the family Dichobunidae this taxon shares with Raoellidae two unambiguous characters: the presence of a hypoconulid...

Archeological sites usually provide important information about the past distribution ofsmall vertebrate fauna, and by extension about past terrestrial environments and climatein which human activities took place. In this context, Belgium has an interesting location innorthwestern Europe between the fully studied zooarcheological records of Germany...

Les fossiles des collections de paléontologie de l’IRSNB, tout comme ceux des autres musées d’histoire naturelle ne sont pas figés pour l’éternité et subissent des dégradations diverses depuis près de deux siècles. Ce fléau concerne généralement des spécimens fracturés par le temps et/ou suite à la dessiccation. Les différentes étapes de la restaur...

Dans la course contre la montre à qui rendra le plus accessible les collections des musées d'histoire naturelle, l'Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique s'est doté d'outils maison « Open Source » afin de valoriser ses 38 millions de spécimens. Ceux-ci datent parfois d'époques reculées et demandent donc généralement une restauration et...

Excavations since 2004 in the early Eocene Cambay Shale Formation at Vastan, Mangrol, and Tadkeshwar open-cast lignite mines in Gujarat, western India, have yielded thousands of vertebrate specimens of terrestrial mammals, lizards, snakes, frogs, and birds as well as elasmobranch and teleost fishes. Here we report new fossils from the currently act...

Saniwa is an extinct genus of varanid lizard from the Eocene of North America and Europe. It is the sister taxon to the crown-group Varanus. Up to now, only one poorly known species is recognized from Europe, Saniwa orsmaelensis from the earliest Eocene of Dormaal, Belgium. This species originally named by Louis Dollo nearly a century ago, is the e...

At the end of 2016, the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS), acquired two µCT scanners, through a budget of the Belgian Science Policy (BELSPO) to digitize its precious collection. The two µCT scanners, a RX Solutions EasyTom 150 (http://www.rxsolutions.fr/) and a XRE UniTOM (https://xre.be/), with a resolution of 4µm and maximal po...

The early Paleogene is critical for understanding global biodiversity patterns in modern ecosystems. During this interval, Southern Hemisphere continents were largely characterized by isolation and faunal endemism following the breakup of Gondwana. Africa has been proposed as an important source area for the origin of several marine vertebrate grou...

Morphometric characters of fossil leaves such as size and shape are important and widely used sources for reconstructing palaeoenvironments. Various tools, including CLAMP or Leaf Margin Analysis, utilize leaf traits as input parameters for estimating palaeoclimate, mostly based on correlations between traits and climate parameters of extant plants...

United States of America Voles of the genera Phenacomys and Arborimus are represented in Pliocene and Pleistocene mammal faunas in North America, but patterns of dental variation remain poorly understood and continue to hamper taxonomic interpretations of fossils. Paleontologists historically worked primarily with the lower first molar, and establi...

Small mammal faunas from the Pleistocene of Belgium are not well-known. Some have been studied from the second half of the Late Pleistocene and the Early Holocene. However, only a few sites from the first half of the Late Pleistocene (Marine Isotope Stage 3, MIS 3, ca. 60-30 ka) have yielded small mammal assemblages. Among them is the Marie-Jeanne...

Marine Isotope Stage 3 (MIS3, ca. 60–30 ka) is characterized by dynamic alternations of forest expansion with semi-arid area expansion in accordance with the warming and cooling, respectively, of the sea-surface temperatures in Northern Europe. It was in this context of rapid fluctuations that the terrestrial sequence of Caverne Marie-Jeanne (Hasti...

Les expéditions scientifiques belges des 19ème et 20ème siècles ont permis de découvrir de nombreuses localités fossilifères dans l'ouest de l'Afrique Centrale. Au moins 47 localités furent fouillées dans le cadre d'expéditions paléontologiques dont celles d'Edmond Dartevelle en 1933 et 1937­1938 ont fourni les plus importantes collections de verté...

The Ypresian Cambay Shale Formation at Vastan and Mangrol lignite mines in Gujarat, western India, has yielded a rich vertebrate fauna with numerous taxa of European affinities. Here we report a new, approximately contemporary vertebrate assemblage from two fossiliferous layers in the nearby mine of Tadkeshwar. These layers have yielded a similar m...

The Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) is correlated with the first occurrences of earliest modern mammals in the Northern Hemisphere. The latest Paleocene Clarkforkian North American Land Mammal Age, that has yielded rodents and carnivorans, is the only exception to this rule. However, until now no pre-PETM localities have yielded modern mamm...

The Ypresian Cambay Formation at Vastan Mine in Gujarat, western India, has yielded a rich herpetological fauna including snakes, lizards and amphibians, but strangely, lizards are only represented by Acrodonta. Here we describe the acrodontan assemblage based on numerous, diverse and well-preserved dentaries, premaxillae, and maxillae. Among the f...

Three new amphisbaenian lizard taxa are described from the Early Paleogene of Western Europe. Two new basal forms, Polyodontobaena belgica gen. et sp. nov. from the Early Paleocene of Hainin (Belgium) and Camptognathosaurus parisiensis gen. et sp. nov. from the Late Paleocene of Rivecourt-Patit Pâtis and Cernay-lès-Reims (France), are characterised...

The lower Eocene (Ypresian) Cambay Formation at Vastan Lignite Mine in Gujarat, western India, has yielded a rich vertebrate assemblage including the earliest modern mammals and oldest birds of the Indian subcontinent. Among the herpetological faunas, snakes, lizards and amphibians are abundant, but, strangely, lizards are only represented by agami...

The Ypresian Cambay Shale Formation of Vastan Lignite Mine in Gujarat, western India, has yielded a rich vertebrate fauna, including the earliest modem mammals of the Indian subcontinent. Here we describe its assemblage of four frogs, including two new genera and species, based on numerous, diverse and well-preserved ilia and vertebrae. An abundant...

The Cretaceous vertebrate assemblages of Romania are famous for geographically endemic dwarfed dinosaur taxa. We report the first complete egg clutches of a dwarf lithostrotian titanosaur, from Toteşti, Romania, and its reproductive adaptation to the "island effect". The egg clutches were discovered in sequential sedimentary layers of the Maastrich...

Taxonomic characters of the new Toteşti eggs. Comparison of the eggs from the 11 clutches with 7 other localities. Note that the greatest amount of similar characters is presently shared by the new eggs and the Auca Mahuevo specimens. (XLS)

Comparison of several isolated oological remains in the Râul Mare River beds. (A–B) SEMs of thick eggshell found in the Râul Mare River beds between Toteşti and Nălaţ-Vad. They are mostly isolated and very fragmentary. Although the eggshell structure shares a few similarities with those from the 11 clutches, thicknesses of these isolated specimens...

Comparison between the elemental composition of the embryonic integument and the eggshell. Microanalysis supports the elevated concentration of Ca, P, and O in TO O–03, which contrasts with the rest of the eggshell, solely composed of Ca and O. As indicated, O, P, and Ca represent 39.92, 16.22, and 41.76 elemental weight percent of the specimen. Th...

The relationship between the size of 23 crocodilian species and their respective egg clutch size. The relationship between the size of 23 crocodilian species (data from [82]) and their respective egg clutch size was tested with SPSS linear regression. The size of the 23 crocodilian species varied between 1.7 to 7 m (4.1±SE 0.39) and the egg clutch...

Geochemical analysis of travertine specimens. The travertine lenses do not cross cut entirely the Sanpetru Formation. Results indicate substantial strontium and barium concentrations that confirm a geothermal origin, which is expected because coeveal intracratonic volcanic activities were occurring in the southwestern Carpathians and Apuseni Mounta...

European terrestrial vertebrate sites of the Upper Paleocene-Lower Eocene deposits are predominantly known from the central and eastern parts of the Paris Basin. However, several outcrops covering this interval are scattered along the Upper Normandy coast, in the western part of the Paris Basin. Here we report the discovery of a new terrestrial ver...

The early Eocene (Ypresian) Cambay Formation of Vastan Lignite Mine in Gujarat, western India, has produced a diverse assemblage of snakes including at least ten species that belong to the Madtsoiidae, Palaeophiidae (Palaeophis and Pterosphenus), Boidae, and several Caenophidia. Within the latter taxon, the Colubroidea are represented by Russelloph...

A new eusuchian skull from the Maastrichtian locality of Oarda de Jos in the southwestern Transylvanian Basin of Romania represents the best-preserved known specimen of Allodaposuchus precedens Nopcsa, 1928. This new fossil allows us to clearly characterize the skull morphology of A. precedens and to reject the idea, as recently suggested, that the...

In the understanding of the global faunal turnover during the Paleocene–Eocene transition, an important role has been attributed to the Asian continent, although the Asian fossil record for this period is still incomplete. Here we present a multidisciplinary study of the Subeng section (Inner Mongolia, P.R. China), integrating sedimentological, str...

Some bony remains, otoliths and squamules belonging to the osteoglossid genus Scleropages are described from the continental Paleocene of Hainin (Mons Basin, Belgium). The hypotheses to explain the occurrence of such a freshwater fish in Europe at that time are discussed. KEY WORDS : Teleostei, Osteoglossidae, Scleropages, fossil remains, continent...

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Well-preserved jaw fragments and skull bones of a new scincomorphan lizard are described from the continental Hainin Formation (Middle Palaeocene) of the Mons Basin in southwestern Belgium. This taxon, Scincoideus haininensis gen. et sp. nov., is characterised by vermiculate dermal rugosities and represents the earliest formally recognised scincoid...

Numerous remains of amphibians and squamates were discovered in the continental sediments of the Maastrichtian Sânpetru Formation, south of Pui Village (Haţeg Basin, western Romania). The lissamphibians are represented by a salamander−like allocaudatan (Albanerpeton sp.) and at least two discoglossid frogs (cf. Eodiscoglossus sp. and cf. Paradiscog...

Since the works of the Baron Francis von Nopcsa in a series of papers published from 1897 up to 1929, the Sânpetru Formation of the Haţeg Basin, in western Romania, is known to have yielded some of the richest and most diversified Late Cretaceous continental faunas from Europe. The Polyglyphanodontinae subfamily erected in 1942 following the discov...

In 2000 and 2001, a joint team from Universitatea Babeş-Bolyai (Cluj-Napoca, Romania) and the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (Brussels, Belgium) screen-washed 2500 kg of sediments from a new large lens found in the south of the Pui village along the Bărbat river. The sediments are attributed to the Maastrichtian Sânpetru Formation that...

About ten dinosaur nests of large megaloolithid-type eggs have been discovered in the new Maastrichtian locality of Toteşti-baraj (Haţeg Basin, Romania). This is the largest dinosaur egg nest site discovered in Romania. Teeth and other micro-remains of vertebrates such as hadrosaurs, ankylosaurs, theropods, lizards and amphibians are associated wit...

Three exceptional fossiliferous marl pockets yielding respectively micro-vertebrate, ornithopod and sauropod concentrated remains have been discovered in the new Maastrichtian Nălaţ-Vad locality (Haţeg Basin, Romania). The facies assemblage indicates a fluvial palaeoenvironment with sandy channel infills and silty and clayey floodplain deposits con...

Examination of forty egg fragments collected from the site of Pui (Hateg Basin) has revealed a greater ootaxonomic diversity that known from complete eggs or clutches found in the other Upper Cretaceous localities from Romania (Grigorescu 1993, Grigorescu et al. 1994; Codrea et al in press). The eggshells obtained by screen-washing, were associated...