Anne-Sophie Brazeau

• RD, PhD
• Professor (Assistant) at McGill University

Background: Relative Energy Deficiency in Sports (REDs) has been reported in Olympic-level male athletes, but the impacts of REDs on performance is unclear. This study explored the association between international elite level volleyball male athletes at risk of REDs and countermovement jump (CMJ) and cognitive performance in real-world setting. M...

Aims We evaluated associations between social disadvantage and insulin pump and continuous glucose monitor (CGM) use among adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) in Quebec, Canada, where public funding is available for CGM but not for insulin pumps. Materials and Methods We conducted a cross‐sectional analysis using self‐reported survey data collected...

Background: Nutrition knowledge is positively associated with energy intake in athletes, and therefore, improving nutrition knowledge may offer a cost-effective approach to prevent negative performance and health outcomes associated with low energy availability (LEA) described in the Relative Energy Deficiency in Sports (REDs) syndrome model. The a...

Objective: This study compares unregulated open-source (OS) automated insulin delivery (AID) systems and commercial-AID (C-AID) systems regarding glucose management, patient-reported outcomes (PROs), and safety among adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Methods: We conducted a 12-week, prospective, observational, noninferiority, comparative, real-wor...

Objective Managing blood glucose levels is challenging for elite athletes with type 1 diabetes (T1D) as competition can cause unpredictable fluctuations. While fear of hypoglycemia during physical activity is well documented, research on hyperglycemia-related anxiety (HRA) is limited. HRA refers to the heightened fear that hyperglycemia-related sym...

Objective: Managing blood glucose levels is challenging for elite athletes with type 1 diabetes (T1D) as competition can cause unpredictable fluctuations. Hyperglycemia-related anxiety (HRA) likely affects performance and diabetes management, but research is limited. This study investigates current strategies employed to mitigate HRA during competi...

Aims The prevalence and associations of overweight and obesity in Canadian adult people living with type 1 diabetes (PWT1D) are poorly documented. In a cohort of PWT1D patients, this study assesses (i) overweight and obesity frequencies and associated PWT1D clinicodemographic characteristics, (ii) diabetes characteristics, and (iii) the use of noni...

Objective The time during which adolescents and young adults (AYAs) living with Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) transition from pediatric to adult care is associated with blood sugar levels outside of target ranges, care gaps, and an increased risk of acute diabetes complications. The aim of this study was to understand (1) the perspectives of AYAs and provi...

BACKGROUND Carbohydrate counting (CC) can be burdensome and difficulty with adherence have been reported. Automated CC through mobile applications offers innovative solutions to ease this burden. OBJECTIVE A cross-sectional online survey was conducted to identify 1) perceived barriers to CC by Canadians living with type 1 diabetes (T1D), and 2) ap...

Background Carbohydrate counting (CC) can be burdensome and difficulty with adherence has been reported. Automated CC through mobile apps offers innovative solutions to ease this burden. Objective This cross-sectional web-based survey aims to identify (1) perceived barriers to CC by Canadians living with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and (2) app features...

Introduction & Objective: Snacks are a part of normal eating patterns for many people, including those living with type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, the research on snacks and related insulin adjustments is limited. The aim of this Delphi study was to define a list of recommendations related to snack consumption for people living with T1D (pwT1D) bas...

Introduction & Objective: To explore the association between using an automated insulin delivery (AID) system and physical activity (PA) frequency among people with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Methods: Cross-sectional study using the Canadian BETTER T1D registry. Inclusion criteria: T1D; aged ≥ 18 y/o; reported PA with a validated questionnaire (Canadia...

Introduction & Objective: Elite athletes with type 1 diabetes (T1D) face unique challenges managing their blood glucose levels, as competitions can cause unpredictable fluctuations. The impact of hyperglycemia-related anxiety on their performance and diabetes management is important, yet research is limited. This study explores strategies used to p...

Background: Guidelines recommend treating non-severe (NS) hypoglycemia with 15g carbohydrates (CHO) at 15minutes intervals when blood glucose (BG) falls below 72 mg/dL. No specific recommendations exist for people living with type 1 diabetes (PwTID) using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) despite known time delays between BG and CGM values. Objec...

Introduction & Objective: Although the association between psychosocial outcomes and a higher BMI is well known in the general population, there are few studies among people living with type 1 diabetes (PwT1D). The aim of this study is to investigate the associations between psychosocial outcomes and BMI groups or waist circumference (WC), for men...

Introduction & Objective: In females living with T1D (FwT1D), the impact of the menstrual cycle on glucose fluctuations is not well known. Our aim is to examine the relationship between the menstrual cycle phases, glycemic fluctuations and insulin needs in FwT1D. Methods: This is a preliminary analysis of observational data over 3 menstrual cycles...

OBJECTIVE Current guidelines recommend initiating treatment for nonsevere (NS) hypoglycemia with 15 g carbohydrates (CHO) at 15-min intervals when blood glucose (BG) reaches <70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L). Despite this recommendation, NS hypoglycemia management remains challenging for individuals living with type 1 diabetes (T1D). We aimed to assess the ef...

Introduction This study aimed to assess the association between depression, ultra-processed food consumption (UPFs), and the risk of developing diabetes-specific complications in adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods Baseline data came from the CARTaGENE study, a health survey of adults (40–69 years) in Quebec, Canada. The incidence of T2D co...

Background Youths with type 1 diabetes (T1D) frequently experience stigma. Internet-based peer communities can mitigate this through social support but require leaders to catalyze exchange. Whether nurturing potential leaders translates into a central role has not been well studied. Another issue understudied in such communities is lurking, the vie...

Introduction: Automated Insulin Delivery (AID) systems reduce burden and improve glycemic management for people with type 1 diabetes (PwT1D) by automatically adjusting insulin as a response to measured glucose levels. There is a lack of evidence on AID and nutrition variables such as dietary intake, eating behaviours, and disordered eating. Objecti...

Background Type 1 diabetes requires making numerous daily decisions to maintain normoglycemia. Support is an evidence-based self-guided web application for type 1 diabetes diabetes self-management. Objective Evaluate users’ satisfaction with Support and investigate changes in self-reported frequency of-, fear of- hypoglycemia, and diabetes-related...

Aims: Ease of use and acceptability of nasal vs injectable glucagon among pediatric responders has been little investigated. This study compared the performance of administering nasal and injectable glucagon in parents of youth with type 1 diabetes and in school workers. Enablers and barriers associated with each glucagon and preferred glucagon ad...

Aim: Managing blood glucose (BG) levels during intense physical activity is challenging for elite athletes with type 1 diabetes (T1D), as it can lead to unpredictable hyper- or hypoglycemia, which can affect performance. This case study presents an 18-year-old male hockey goalie with hyperglycemia-related anxiety during competition and its impact...

Background: Fear of hypoglycaemia (FOH) significantly disrupts the daily management of type 1 diabetes (T1D) and increases the risk of complications. Recent technological advances can improve glucose metrics and reduce hypoglycaemia frequency, yet their impact on FOH is unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis (SRMA) aimed to synthesize t...

Aims: To evaluate the frequency and consequences of level 2 (L2H, glucose level <3.0 mmol/L with autonomous management) and level 3 hypoglycemia (L3H requiring external assistance to treat), in adults living with type 1 diabetes (T1D), while investigating the role of gender. Methods: Cross-sectional analysis of self-reported retrospective data f...

Introduction: LADA is known for a slow progression of autoimmune destruction of beta-cells with cases that span a spectrum between classic T1D and T2D phenotypes. To date, lacking a good understanding of LADA has prohibited the release of specific clinical practice guidelines and subsequently an optimal management. Methodology: Cross-sectional anal...

Context: Intranasal glucagon (INg) might improve the management of severe hypoglycemia (SH) at school in children with type 1 diabetes (T1D), which is a major concern of our patient partners. Objectives: We compared the performance of parents of children with T1D & school workers (SW) for INg and injectable glucagon (IJg) administration. We also as...

Introduction: Support-Pro is a comprehensive online platform that was developed for healthcare professionals (HCP) and covers all technological, treatment and lifestyle needs for type 1 diabetes (T1D) management in short, practical modules. It was developed as studies have demonstrated that HCPs who work in healthcare not specific to T1D, find it d...

Hypoglycemia is a common side effect of insulin therapy, the constant threat of hypoglycemia symptoms and consequences may lead people with type 1 diabetes (T1D) to develop fear of hypoglycemia (FOH). This analysis aims to explore the characteristics of people who consider FOH as a barrier to managing diabetes. Methods: Self-reported data from an o...

Introduction: We aim to assess the difference between open-source do-it-yourself (DIY) and commercial automated insulin delivery (AID) systems in patient-reported outcomes (PRO) of adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Methods: Analysis from a prospective, non-inferiority, non-randomized, parallel-cohort study involving 78 non-pregnant adults with T1D...

Background: People with type 1 diabetes (PWT1D) perceiving high diabetes-related stigma are less likely to report in-target A1c levels. We hypothesized that people with higher levels of stigma have suboptimal psychosocial outcomes and that stigma would be perceived differently across age groups. Methods: Cross-sectional analysis of 709 PWT1D aged ≥...

Aims Non-severe hypoglycemia (NS-H) is challenging for people living with type 1 diabetes (PWT1D) and often results from relative iatrogenic hyper-insulinemia. Current guidelines recommend a one-size-fits-all approach of 15–20 g of simple carbohydrates (CHO) every 15 min regardless of the triggering conditions of the NS-H event. We aimed to test di...

Introduction Transition from paediatric to adult care can be challenging for youth living with type 1 diabetes (T1D), as many youth feel unprepared to transfer to adult care and are at high risk for deterioration of glycaemic management and acute complications. Existing strategies to improve transition experience and outcomes are limited by cost, s...

Background The World Health Organization recommends a 10% total energy (TE%) limit for free sugars (i.e., added sugars and naturally occurring sugars in fruit juice, honey, and syrups) based on evidence linking higher intakes with overweight and dental caries. Evidence for cardiovascular disease (CVD) is limited. Impacts may differ by sex, age grou...

BACKGROUND Youths with type 1 diabetes (T1D) frequently experience stigma. Internet-based peer communities can mitigate this through social support but require leaders to catalyze exchange. Whether nurturing potential leaders translates into a central role has not been well studied. Another issue understudied in such communities is lurking, the vie...

Objectives: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is major cause of morbidity and mortality in people with type 1 diabetes (PWT1D). We assessed CV risk factors and pharmacological treatment in a large Canadian cohort of PWT1D. Methods: This cross-sectional study used data from adult PWT1D in the BETTER Registry (n=974). CVD risk factors status, diabetes...

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic and related lockdowns have impacted lifestyle behaviours including eating habits and physical activity; yet few studies identified emerging patterns of such changes and associated risk factors. Objective: To identify patterns of weight and lifestyle behaviour change, and potential risk factors, resulting from th...

BACKGROUND Emerging adults living with type 1 diabetes (T1D) face a series of challenges with self-management and decreased health system engagement, leading to increased risk of acute complications and hospital admissions. Effective and scalable strategies are needed to support this population to transfer seamlessly from paediatric to adult care w...

Background Emerging adults living with type 1 diabetes (T1D) face a series of challenges with self-management and decreased health system engagement, leading to an increased risk of acute complications and hospital admissions. Effective and scalable strategies are needed to support this population to transfer seamlessly from pediatric to adult care...

Background Diabetes self-management education and support (DSME/S) are central in type 1 diabetes (T1D) where individuals are responsible for 95% of care. In-person DSME/S programs have been proven clinically effective (e.g. optimizing glycemic management, improving diabetes-related behaviors) but are limited by a lack of accessibility and long-ter...

Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S) syndrome is associated with undesirable health and performance outcomes. The aetiology of RED-S syndrome is low energy availability (LEA). LEA has been reported in male athletes in various sports, but there is little information in team sports. Therefore, the aims of this study were to assess the point-pr...

Background Thorough dietary assessment is essential to obtain accurate food and nutrient intake data yet challenging because of the limitations of current methods. Image-based methods may decrease energy underreporting and increase the validity of self-reported dietary intake. Keenoa is an image-assisted food diary that integrates artificial intell...

Background People living with type 1 diabetes (PWT1D) are at increased risk for impairments in brain function, which may impact on daily life. Cognitive impairments in PWT1D might contribute to increasing eating disorders, reducing self-management skills, and deteriorating glycemic control. Glycemic variability may be a key determinant of disordere...

BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic and related lockdowns has impacted lifestyle behaviours including eating habits and physical activity; yet few studies identified emerging patterns of such changes and associated risk factors. OBJECTIVE The objective was to identify patterns of weight and lifestyle behaviour change, and potential risk factors, resu...

Objectives: The goal of the present study was to evaluate the association between depression and ultra-processed food consumption as risk factors for developing type 2 diabetes (T2D). Design: A prospective community study. Setting: Baseline data (2009 - 2010) from CARTaGENE community health study from Quebec, Canada, was used. Food and drink c...

Aims: Compare the self-reported prevalence of severe hypoglycemia (level-3-H) in people with type 1 diabetes (PWT1D) according to two wording of definition: by the International Hypoglycemia Study Group (IHSG) and an alternate simplified version developed by patient-partners (PP). Methods: Cross-sectional study (PWT1D > = 14 years) self-reportin...

BACKGROUND Youth (14 to 24 y.o.) living with type 1 diabetes (T1D) encounter increased challenges in their diabetes self-management (DSM), especially during the transition to adult care. While DSM education and support are imperative, there is insufficient information on how online platforms tailored to their demands can be developed. OBJECTIVE To...

Background Youth (aged 14-24 years) living with type 1 diabetes (T1D) encounter increased challenges in their diabetes self-management (DSM), especially during the transition to adult care. Although DSM education and support are imperative, there is insufficient information on how web-based digital tools tailored to their demands can be developed....

Aim To assess the association of nocturnal hypoglycemia prevention strategies (NH-PS) and diabetes technology usage (insulin pump and/or continuous glucose monitors [CGM]) in people with type 1 diabetes (PWT1D). Methods Logistic regression models were used to describe associations between self-reported NH-PS and diabetes technology (pump with inte...

Aim: Nutrition and food literacy encompasses knowledge, skills and confidence to prepare healthy meals. This project aimed to assess and compare the proportion of young Canadian adults (18-29 years old) living with type 1 diabetes and without diabetes (controls) who demonstrated adequate nutritional health literacy. Methods: This cross-sectional...

BACKGROUND Thorough dietary assessment is essential to obtain accurate food and nutrient intake data, yet challenging due to limitations of current methods. Image-based methods may decrease energy underreporting and increase validity of self-reported dietary intake. Keenoa is an image-assisted food diary that integrates artificial-intelligence food...

Objectives Dietary assessment provides essential data for nutrition research, but current methods have limitations impeding the accuracy of reported intakes. Keenoa is a new mobile food diary that integrates artificial intelligence food recognition. Participants take pictures of their meals, specify foods and beverages consumed and estimate portion...

Objectives The COVID-19 pandemic and related lockdowns may impact lifestyle behaviors including eating habits and physical activity; few studies identified emerging patterns of such changes and associated risk factors. Objectives were to identify patterns of weight and lifestyle behavior change resulting from the pandemic in Canadian adults; and po...

Introduction: Hypoglycemia is a common side effect of type 1 diabetes (T1D) therapy with consequences ranging from physical and cognitive impairment to reduced quality of life. Studies evaluating consequences of level 2 (L2H, glucose level<3.0mmol/L without needing assistance from another person to recover) and level 3 (L3H, needing assistance from...

Background: Real-time continuous glucose monitors (rtCGM) are associated with improved type 1 diabetes (T1D) management and quality of life but little is known on their impact on fear of hypoglycemia (FOH) . This review and meta-analysis assessed the impact of rtCGM on FOH in T1D. Methods: Studies assessing FOH in non-pregnant adults with T1D using...

Exercise studies involving people with type 1 diabetes (T1D) have tested young, fit, men. As such, current insulin adjustment and carbohydrate intake advice may not work for women. A recent secondary analysis found different blood glucose (BG) responses to a weight lifting protocol between male and female T1D participants. It is unclear whether the...

Thorough dietary assessment is essential to obtain accurate food and nutrient intake data, yet challenging due to limitations of current methods. Image-based methods may decrease underreporting and increase validity of self-reported dietary intake. This study’s objective was to evaluate the relative validity of the artificial intelligence-enhanced...

Objective The BETTER registry is a type 1 diabetes population surveillance system co-developed with patient-partners to address the burden of hypoglycemia and assess impact of new therapies and technologies. The aim of the present report was to describe the baseline characteristics of the BETTER registry cohort. Methods Cross-sectional baseline ev...

Background and Aims: People living with type 1 diabetes (T1D) require continuous nutrition counselling. As such, thorough dietary assessment is essential to obtain accurate food and nutrient intakes but is challenging due to limitations of current methods. This study evaluated the relative validity of AI‐enhanced image‐assisted Keenoa™ food tracker...

Background A low socioeconomic status (SES) may add to the challenges of type 1 diabetes (T1D) management and be an independent risk factor for chronic and acute diabetes complications. Objectives To evaluate the association between SES and TID management and risk of complications in a universal healthcare system using data from a registry of peop...