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Publications (45)
The COST EU-PoTaRCh Action establishes a network focused on the past, present, and future significance, production, and use of major forest by-products in Europe and beyond. The Action centers around forest by-products—primarily potash, tar, resin, and charcoal (PoTaRCh), along with plant extracts—which have been produced and utilized for over 100,...
Scattered trees in wood-pastures represent outstanding conservation value by providing microhabitats for a variety of organisms. They also diversify ecosystem services by creating shade for livestock, and capturing and storing carbon. However, trees in wood-pastures are declining Europe-wide and an appropriate legal environment to maintain them is...
Traditional agroforestryAgroforestry systems such as wood pasturesWood pasture have been a widespread land-use type across Europe for thousands of years. Today, demand for healthy and organic food is growing. AgroforestryAgroforestry systems, which are based on traditional land-uses, could be a promising way to address this issue. In order to facil...
The high nature conservation value of floodplain ecosystems is severely threatened by invasive alien species. Besides adversely affecting native biodiversity, these species also pose a major threat from a wider socio-ecological perspective (e.g. ‘roughness’ increases flood risk). Finding options to control dense shrub layers consisting of invasive...
From the middle of the twentieth century, land-use abandonment is one of the most influential factors of the European cultural landscape. Our aim was to discover the history of an abandoned wood pasture in Hungary in Central-Eastern Europe. "Plastic bagged milk" was the turning point. At the end of the 1980s, people began moving to the city from th...
Background
Forests have been grazed for millennia. Around the world, forest grazing by livestock became a controversial management practice, gradually restricted in many countries over the past 250 years. This was also the case in most Central and Eastern European countries, including Hungary, where forest grazing was a legally prohibited activity...
Traditional forms of agroforestry are often recognized as exemplar systems that successfully integrate food production, biodiversity conservation and high cultural values. However many traditional agroforestry systems in Europe are in decline or are threatened and the perspectives of local stakeholders on the production, management, socio-economic,...
In the absence of primeval floodplain forests, near-natural remnants are key references for close-to-nature forestry and nature conservation. Old-growth forest characteristics (OGCs) were quantified in 16 managed (rotation or selection) and abandoned semi-natural floodplain forests by taking snapshot inventories of structural features. Principal co...
A Biológiai Sokféleség és az Ökoszisztéma-szolgáltatások Globális Értékelő Tanulmánya, amelyet az ENSZ Biológiai Sokféleség és Ökoszisztéma-szolgáltatás Kormányközi Testülete (IPBES) jelentetett meg 2019 májusában, elismerte, hogy a természet védelme hatékonyabbá válhat a hagyományos, bennszülött és helyi tudás bevonásával, illetve ezen tudás birto...
The Global Assessment on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services released in May 2019 by the United Nations' Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) acknowledged that nature conservation could become more efficient with the inclusion of traditional, indigenous and local knowledge, and the participation o...
Large herbivores have a keystone role in many forest ecosystems. There is widespread recognition that undesirable changes may be caused by the complete removal of grazing-related disturbances, whereas there can be benefits from properly managed, targeted livestock grazing, both from a forest management and biodiversity perspectives. However, there...
Semi-open oak woods and solitary oaks commonly dominate the wooded fabric (i.e. the ‘oakscape’) of European traditional rural agricultural landscapes based on
animal husbandry. However, modern land use systems fail to perpetuate oakscapes, posing a serious threat to biodiversity conservation and the associated diversity
of ecosystem services. Recon...
Rural development policies in many Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) member countries promote sustainable landscape management with the intention of providing multiple ecosystem services (ES). Yet, it remains unclear which ES benefits are perceived in different landscapes and by different people. We present an assessment...
Agroforestry, relative to conventional agriculture, contributes significantly to carbon sequestration, increases a range of regulating ecosystem services, and enhances biodiversity. Using a transdisciplinary approach, we combined scientific and technical knowledge to evaluate nine environmental pressures in terms of ecosystem services in European f...
Land use systems that integrate woody vegetation with livestock and/or crops and are recognised for their biodiversity and cultural importance can be termed high nature and cultural value (HNCV) agroforestry. In this review, based on the literature and stakeholder knowledge, we describe the structure, components and management practices of ten cont...
Potential benefits and costs of agroforestry practices have been analysed by experts,
but few studies have captured farmers’ perspectives on why agroforestry might be adopted on a European
scale. This study provides answers to this question, through an analysis of 183 farmer interviews in 14
case study systems in eight European countries. The study...
On 17 to 19th October 2017, twenty-four academics and practitioners with diverse inter- and transdisciplinary experiences gathered for a workshop to collectively reflect on IPBES’ work and performance. The workshop was held at the German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) in Leipzig. The workshop and this report represent an effort...
Europe's woodland and savanna rangelands, often part of silvopastoral systems known as wood-pastures, are deteriorating because of abandonment that leads to return to a forested state or lack of tree regeneration from overgrazing or tree and shrub removal. Despite numerous local studies, there has been no broader survey of the stand structure of Eu...
A hagyományos ökológiai tudás a biológiai és kulturális örökség meghatározó eleme, mely számos élőhelytípus védelméhez elengedhetetlen információval szolgál. Ilyen élőhelyek például az agrár-erdészeti rendszerek közé tartozó fás legelők és legelőerdők, melyek iránt az utóbbi években a természetvédelem és az agrárium részéről is jelentősen megnőtt a...
From the Neolithic times, grazing by large domestic herbivores has had a significant impact on European forests, but the issue of the real impact of this disturbance continues to imply several questions. Diversification of disturbances, including the reintroduction of some “traditional”/ “historical” disturbances in collaboration with local knowled...
Silvopastoral systems are a crucial part of the European cultural landscape and biocultural heritage. In Hungary, due to the intensification of agriculture and forestry management, silvopastoral practices were nearly totally abandoned during the last decades. In this paper, I review Hungarian ethnographic literature to discover the traditional silv...
sszefoglaló: A hagyományos ökológiai tudás a biológiai és kulturális örökség meghatározó ele-me, mely számos élőhelytípus védelméhez elengedhetetlen információval szolgál. Ilyen élőhelyek például az agrár-erdészeti rendszerek közé tartozó fás legelők és legelőerdők, melyek iránt az utóbbi években a természetvédelem és az agrárium részéről is jelent...
The European Red List of Habitats provides an overview of the risk of collapse (degree of endangerment) of marine, terrestrial and freshwater habitats in the European Union (EU28) and adjacent regions (EU28+), based on a consistent set of criteria and categories and detailed data and expertise from involved countries (http://ec.europa.eu/environmen...
This chapter is based on a film made with traditional herders (Indigenous and Local Knowledge (ILK) holders) in Hungary for the IPBES Regional Assessment for Europe and Central Asia (Molnár et al . 2016b 1 ). The goal of the film was to provide an overview of herders’ traditional ecological knowledge (TEK), which is a type of ILK. The herders inter...
Many habitats in Europe have been managed by grazing for thousands of years. However, extensive grazing systems are becoming increasingly rare in the region, and there is a lack of understanding of the functioning of these systems.
Wooded grasslands have always played an important role in rural life with changing issues: They are of high importance for questions of biodiversity, soil, and water resources and in preserving agricultural heritage, but their maintenance is labor intensive. Abandoned wooded grasslands undergo succession, and food production alone does not support...
The mutual dependence of extensive land-use and conservation management has become apparent in Europe in the last 20–30 yr. Extensive land-use often survives in protected areas only, in the form of conservation management. Knowledge of extensive herding and that of conservation management are parts of two knowledge systems (traditional and scientif...
Az ártereink hullámtéri részébe szorult természetközeli és másodlagos élőhelyeken az elmúlt évtizedekben hatalmas méreteket öltött az özönfajok terjeszkedése. Jelenleg nem alkalmaznak olyan gazdaságos irtási módot, amivel fenntarthatóan és környezetkímélően el lehetne távolítania az özönfajokat, miközben a természeti értékek, társadalmi és
ökológi...
The mutual dependence of extensive land-use and conservation management has become apparent in Europe in the last 20–30 yr. Extensive land-use often survives in protected areas only, in the form of conservation management. Knowledge of extensive herding and that of conservation management are parts of two knowledge systems (traditional and scientif...
High biocultural diversity is often found in landscapes where farming practices have preserved diverse habitats and many ‘traditional’ cultural features. We assessed what impacts conservation and agri-environmental regulations had and have on the maintenance of some elements in traditional hay meadow management in two such cultural landscapes (Gyim...
Characteristic features of European woodland include both a reduction in natural forest areas and an increase in former
agricultural areas occupied by secondary woodland. The management of these areas is challenging in terms of nature
conservation, agricultural and forestry management and policy. The aim of our study was to reconstruct the history...
This book brings together information about Europe's forests and how they have developed since the last Ice Age. The first part (Chapters 1-4) gives an overview of Europe's woods and forests in space and over time; the second part (Chapters 5-9) looks at how they have been managed; the third part (Chapters 10-15) deals with how plants and animals h...
The use of wild rose species has a significant role in the traditional Hungarian foods, but several data have also been published on the traditional use of hawthorn species in the Hungarian ethnobotanical and ethnographical literature, as well as in recent fieldworks, too.
Among hawthorn taxa, the fruit of Crataegus monogyna Jacq. and C. oxyacantha...
Már több mint egy évtizede segíti a magyarországi vegetációkutatást, élőhely-térképezést, monitorozást és a felsőoktatást az ÁNÉR-kézikönyv, amely a botanikusok egyik legfontosabb ökológiai kódexe. Az Általános Nemzeti Élőhely-osztályozási Rendszert (ÁNÉR) még a kilencvenes évek végén hozta létre az MTA Ökológiai és Botanikai Kutatóintézete, s napj...
A gazdálkodás, a táj használata jelentős mértékben megváltozott az elmúlt 200 évben. A változások eredményeként számos, egykor nagyon elterjedt gazdasági tevékenység és területhasználat tűnt el mára, gondolva itt a teljesség igénye nélkül a makkoltatásra, az erdei legeltetésre, legelőerdőkre és fás legelőkre. Az erdőkben való legeltetés helyenként...
