Anna Hopper Schulz

• Doctor of Philosophy
• Principal Investigator at International Institute for Environment and Development

This briefing presents priorities for the Least Developed Countries (LDCs) for COP28 at a critical time. The year has seen record temperatures and stark IPCC warnings of the risks and consequences of further temperature rises, especially for vulnerable communities. Four LDC concerns can reinvigorate progress towards the Paris Agreement goals: an am...

This briefing sets the stage for COP26 from the perspective of LDCs. We explore the scientific and political context that will shape how the meeting takes place and present key priorities that must be resolved for COP26 to be labelled a success. But COP26 will have an extremely heavy agenda. The pandemic has limited formal negotiating processes sin...

There are clear challenges and opportunities for getting climate negotiations on track in 2021. After a lacklustre COP25, the vaunted 2020 ‘super year’ designed to reset the UNFCCC process succumbed to the COVID-19 pandemic. However, despite rolling postponements, the UNFCCC process and climate diplomacy has continued, albeit in dramatically altere...

From 2024, all countries will face more stringent reporting requirements on their climate action under the Paris Agreement’s enhanced transparency framework (ETF). For developing countries — and the least developed countries (LDCs) in particular — it is a big step up from existing arrangements. This paper analyses over 20 years of LDC reports to th...

The 25th Conference of the Parties (COP25) to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change in Madrid, Spain, this December will be a turning point for global action towards the Paris Agreement. COP25 must build on the political momentum generated by the UN Secretary-General’s Climate Action Summit held on 23 September in New York. To that end, COP...

This book builds on the ENB’s coverage of climate change negotiations during the decade from 2007-2016 and provides an overview of the journey from the meeting of the Conference of the Parties (COP) in Bali, Indonesia, that set the process in motion to negotiate a successor agreement to the 1997 Kyoto Protocol, an inflection point in global climate...

This chapter will examine the relationship between sustainable development and water, focusing on legal frameworks at the international and national level, in the context of the recently negotiated post-2015 development agenda and the adoption of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to replace the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The chapte...

Water, ephemeral and changing, is the underpinning of human civilizations. Water law’s past is its future, in the current century its frameworks will face the most dramatic challenges of its 4500-year history—nowhere more acutely than in transboundary river basins—due to burgeoning populations, the changing climate, overuse and pollution. This di...

A study of international governance and its relationship to international water law, this article examines the role of legal frameworks in achieving good transboundary water governance within the Zambezi and Incomati River Basins. The article examines the characteristics of good governance and the relationship between legal and governance systems t...