Anna Rizzolo

Anna Rizzolo
CREA Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria, Rome, Italy · Centro di ricerca Ingegneria e Trasformazioni agroalimentari (CREA-IT), Dip. Milano, Italy

senior scientist

About

180
Publications
51,134
Reads
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3,488
Citations
Additional affiliations
February 1982 - present
Council for Agricultural Research and Agricultural Economy Analysis
Position
  • Senior Researcher
February 1982 - present
Council for Agricultural Research and Agricultural Economy Analysis
Position
  • Senior Researcher

Publications

Publications (180)
Article
Full-text available
Mango fruit is a rich source of bioactive compounds such as carotenoids, phenolics, and ascorbic acid. This research aimed at predicting the content of these bioactive compounds in ‘Tommy Atkins’ mangoes using optical properties, i.e., the absorption coefficients related to chlorophylls (µa630, µa650, µa670, µa690) and carotenoids (µa540), and the...
Article
Non-destructive techniques could help mango growers to pick fruit at the proper maturity degree and to monitor fruit quality during storage and marketing to satisfy the consumer expectations. The absorption coefficient non-destructively measured at 540 nm (μa540) by time-resolved reflectance spectroscopy (TRS) was shown to be a maturity index for m...
Article
The absorption coefficient of fruit flesh at 670 nm (μa670) non-destructively measured at harvest by time-resolved reflectance spectroscopy (TRS) was shown to be a maturity index for various fruit. In apples μa670 decreased during fruit growth and ripening, with high μa670 fruit (less mature) having lower mass and higher pulp hue at harvest and hig...
Article
In this research, the relationship between scattering properties, texture sensory profile and Water Matrix Coordinates (WAMACs) during shelf life was studied on ‘Braeburn’ apples. In this regard, 20 fruit samples kept at 20°C were selected at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 14 and 21 days and measured non-destructively by TRS for bulk μ’s estimation, and by a M...
Article
Bulk optical properties, in terms of absorption (μa) and reduced scattering coefficients (μ′s), can be used for the non-destructive monitoring of fruit quality during ripening. In this study, the performance of time-resolved (TRS) and spatially-resolved (SRS) spectroscopy were compared by analyzing ‘Braeburn’ apples over a 21 d period of ripening....
Article
Full-text available
This work aimed at studying the relationships between the absorption spectra acquired by timeresolved reflectance spectroscopy (TRS) and the carotenoid (CAR) and/or the anthocyanin (ANT) contents in 9 potato genotypes with different flesh color (white, yellow, red, purple). Fifty whole and intact tubers/genotype were nondestructively measured by TR...
Article
Full-text available
Aiming at investigating the feasibility of timeresolved reflectance spectroscopy (TRS) for the nondestructive detection of internal brown spot (IBS) and other defects in 'El Beida' potatoes, 90 tubers were measured in 8 points by TRS for the absorption coefficient at 730 nm (µ a 730) and then trans versally cut open for recording presence and posit...
Article
Full-text available
BACKGROUND Watermelon is appreciated for its nutritional properties and for its flavor. Among the flavor‐active compounds that it contains, volatiles play a key role being responsible for aroma. Recent breeding activity has led to the release of mini‐watermelons with reduced fruit weight. This paper reports on the characterization of aroma profiles...
Article
Full-text available
The worldwide growing consumption of proteins to feed humans and animals has drawn a considerable amount of attention to insect rearing. Insects reared on organic wastes and used as feed for monogastric animals can reduce the environmental impact and increase the sustainability of meat/fish production. In this study, we designed an environmentally...
Article
Full-text available
Aquaphotomics is a scientific discipline which investigates the water-light interactions in biological systems by using NIR spectroscopy and multivari-ate analysis to relate water absorption patterns to bio-functionalities. This work aimed at evaluating the feasibility of Aquaphotomics to study apple fruit sensory texture. 'Braeburn', 'Gala' and 'K...
Article
Coatings play an important role in preserving the quality of meat products by reducing weight loss, improving appearance and integrity. The aim of this work was to study the effect of an innovative coating on the ripening of ‘‘Salame Piacentino’’. Sixty samples were collected after 40 days of aging: 30 samples were treated with a water-soluble comp...
Article
Full-text available
The content and composition of the main antioxidants in the pulp of mangoes depend also on cultivar and maturity degree, the latter being non-destructively evaluated by the absorption coefficient measured by Time-resolved Reflectance Spectroscopy (TRS) at 540 nm (µ a 540). Aiming at evaluating the levels of antioxidants [carotenoids (CAR), phenols...
Article
Full-text available
To study the storage stability of drinks produced by blending ricotta cheese whey (RCW) with fruit juices, apple-RCW and apple and blueberry mix (50:50)-RCW (juice/RCW ratio: 70/30, 14.5% soluble solids content) were prepared. Color, sugar and organic acid profiles, antioxidant composition, and sensory features were analyzed after 15 to 150 days of...
Article
It has been shown that in pears treatment at harvest with 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) inhibits superficial scald (SupSc) and prevents or controls soft scald (SoftSc) and internal breakdown (IntBk), but the 1-MCP dose inhibiting scald development can impair fruit ripening. Storage conditions (time, atmosphere, temperature) influence texture and sen...
Article
Time-resolved reflectance spectroscopy (TRS) has been used for non-invasive assessment of maturity and texture characteristics in intact apples. The absorption coefficient measured at 670 nm can be considered a maturity index for apples while the reduced scattering coefficient (μ’s) changes according to pulp texture characteristics, increasing with...
Article
A physical-chemical characterization, followed by the measurement of biochemical traits, was performed on two novel mini-watermelon varieties, ‘Cuoredolce®’ and ‘Rugby’, selected for the high content of sugars and carotenoids, at three different maturation stages. The aim of this work was to define the fruit quality and to find potential external m...
Article
The principal aim of this work was to investigate the applicability of electronic nose, as non-destructive technique, in monitoring freshness decay of fresh-cut Valerianella locusta. In addition it was evaluated the possibility to monitor texture changes due to senescence by the mechanical (firmness, dF/dS, area as work required to puncture) and ac...
Article
Full-text available
For studying antioxidants, sugars and organic acids compositions and their impact on Sourness Index (SI) and Total Sweetness Index (TSI), beverages were produced by blending Ricotta-cheese whey (RCW), by-product of Ricotta cheese production, with fruit juices. Pear-RCW had higher malic acid and sorbitol, blueberry-RCW higher citric acid, total phen...
Article
Full-text available
In order to minimize the precipitate formation upon pasteurization for whey-fruit juice-based beverages, a novel type of functional beverage was prepared, in which whey was replaced with Ricotta-cheese whey (RCW). Aiming at evaluating the influence of fruit juice type (yellow: apple, pear; red: blueberry, strawberry) and pasteurization conditions o...
Research
Full-text available
The technological possibilities of environmental monitoring have developed enor- mously over the past few years. The MONALISA Project has combined the potential of various technologies and has gathered data for South Tyrol at different levels, from the smallest scale of the individual apple, to the whole orchard and all the way to data covering...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
Different fruit textures are characterized by different pulp tissue optical properties. The absorption (µa) and the reduced scattering (µ's) coefficients, nondestructively measured in the fruit flesh by time-resolved reflectance spectroscopy (TRS) were able to distinguish apple cultivars with different textures and were found to be linked to mechan...
Poster
Full-text available
I consumatori di mele preferiscono frutti croccanti e succosi a frutti farinosi. Queste caratteristiche sensoriali definiscono la texture di un frutto e sono legate alle proprietà meccaniche e acustiche della polpa. La texture dipende dal grado di maturazione e varia con l’intenerimento del frutto a causa delle modificazioni subite dalle pareti cel...
Poster
Full-text available
Abbé Fétel is susceptible to superficial scald (SupSc) and soft scald (SoftSc) during storage. Among the postharvest methods experimented to control scald not involving the use of chemicals (ethoxyquin, 1-MCP) there are the Initial Low Oxygen Stress (ILOS) and the Dynamic Controlled Atmosphere (DCA). This research aimed at studying the influence of...
Article
Consumer acceptability of fresh-cut apples is affected by texture characteristics, mainly by crispness attribute. The use of combined instrumental acoustic-mechanical techniques and the measurement of the absorption coefficient at 670 nm (μa670) by time-resolved reflectance spectroscopy (TRS) have been shown useful to assess fruit crispness and the...
Article
Food packaging and coatings have the well-known and established functions of containment, protection and handling facilitation of the food packaged inside. Fast methods able to classify, sort and identify the quality and the stability characteristics associated with the various packaging and coating materials are required along the food chain in or...
Article
Aiming at studying the possibility of application of propolis as food preservative, active paper sheets obtained by either surface spreading (APP) or by incorporating propolis in paper mass at 0.4% (API) were used to pack slices of cooked ham. A 4 days consumer storage simulating trial, at 4 °C, was performed and cooked ham packed with APP, API and...
Chapter
The TRS applications for horticultural products developed over the last 15 years have been reviewed. After a brief introduction on the various types of TRS instrumentation used in the food sector and TRS data analysis, the absorption and scattering spectra of various fruit species have been discussed in relation to preharvest and postharvest factor...
Article
Pulp colour in mangoes turns from greenish to deep orange with maturity, and is one of the most reliable maturity indices used in several production regions, even if it is a destructive measurement. Time-resolved reflectance spectroscopy (TRS) is a nondestructive technique which simultaneously quantifies the internal optical properties of fruit rel...
Article
Carotenoid biosynthesis is one of the most important biochemical changes occurring during mango ripening. Carotenoids are responsible for the yellow-orange pulp colour, which is one of the best maturity indices for mangoes, notwithstanding it is a destructive method. Time-resolved reflectance spectroscopy (TRS) is a nondestructive technique which s...
Article
‘Abate Fetel’ pears are susceptible to superficial scald (SupSc), a storage disorder usually prevented by ethoxyquin treatments, which, being recently banned in Italy, may be replaced by alternative methods such as 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) treatment at harvest and dynamic controlled atmosphere (DCA) storage. Aiming at finding the better strateg...
Article
‘Abbé Fétel’ is the most important pear cultivar in Italy but is susceptible to superficial scald and soft scald during storage, the former effectively prevented by 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) treatment at harvest and by dynamic controlled atmosphere (DCA). However, 1-MCP at −0.5 °C prevents pear ripening, and DCA can favor the appearance of soft...
Poster
Full-text available
Part of results of the simulation trials with propolis-based active packagings developed in the framework of the ”PackProlife” project.
Article
Processing steps, such as cutting and peeling, increase the respiration rate and ethylene production of apples, quickening senescence phenomena with effects on texture, color and flavor. Modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) and antioxidant pre-treatments are used to control the decay of fresh-cut apples during shelf life. MAP has become a widely use...
Article
Full-text available
Superficial scald is a disorder developed in cold storage by ‘Conference’ and ‘Abbé Fétel’ pears and it has been related to the presence of oxidation products, mainly conjugated trienols (CTols), of which α-farnesene is primary, acting on epidermal cells. Among tested postharvest methods to control scald, there is treatment at harvest with 1-methyl...
Article
Full-text available
The absorption coefficient of the fruit flesh at 670 nm (μa), measured at harvest by time-resolved reflectance spectroscopy (TRS) is a good maturity index for early nectarine cultivars. A kinetic model has been developed linking the μa, expressed as the biological shift factor to softening during ripening. This allows shelf life prediction for indi...
Article
Full-text available
Several techniques have been developed to preserve the quality of horticultural products throughout the supply chain. Edible coatings represent a promising technology as they can improve quality and extend shelf life of fruit and vegetables by changing gases and moisture permeabilties, enhancing fruit appearance, and reducing microbial contaminatio...
Article
Firmness decay, chlorophyll breakdown and carotenoid accumulation, controlled by ethylene, are major ripening events in mango fruit. Pigment content and tissue structure affect the optical properties of the mesocarp, which can be measured nondestructively in the intact fruit by time-resolved reflectance spectroscopy (TRS). This work is aimed at imp...
Article
‘Abbé Fétel’ is the most important pear cultivar in Italy but is susceptible to superficial scald and soft scald during storage, the former is effectively prevented by 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) treatment at harvest and by dynamic controlled atmosphere (DCA). However, 1-MCP at −0.5 °C prevents pear ripening, and DCA can favor the appearance of so...
Article
‘Conference’ pears in Italy are often subjected to superficial scald in cold storage, impairing their marketing. Among the postharvest methods employed to control scald, some include treatment at harvest with 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), dynamically controlled atmosphere (DCA) and initial low O2 stress (ILOS). This research aimed at studying the i...
Article
‘Tarocco’ is the most popular blood orange cultivar in Italy. Until now, limited information has existed on the effect of storage on physiology, aroma and nutritional quality of ‘Tarocco’ oranges. In this work, physico-chemical, physiological and nutritional properties, as well as the aroma profile of ‘Tarocco Scirè’ fruit were evaluated after 0, 1...
Article
Abstract Texture is a sensory property affecting consumer acceptability and it is dependent on pulp structure. Often, changes in fruit texture are accompanied by changes in the optical properties of the flesh. The absorption (μa) and the scattering (μs’) coefficients, non-destructively measured in the fruit pulp by time-resolved reflectance spectro...
Article
This work aimed at studying the feasibility of time-resolved reflectance spectroscopy (TRS) to nondestructively detect internal browning (IB) in ‘Braeburn’ apples through the development of classification models based on absorption (μa) and scattering (μs′) properties of the pulp. This research was carried out in two seasons: in 2009, apples were m...
Article
The potential of spatially resolved diffuse reflectance spectroscopy in the 500–1000 nm range by means of a fiber-optics probe was investigated for acquiring scattering and absorption properties of air dried apple rings subjected to different pre-treatment conditions: without osmo-dehydration (TQ) and with osmo-dehydration for 1 (OSMO1) and 3 h (OS...
Article
Full-text available
'Braeburn' apples from three harvests after 6-month storage in controlled atmosphere were measured at 670 nm by time-resolved reflectance spectroscopy (TRS), ranked on decreasing μa670 (increasing ma-turity), classified as less (LeM), medium and more mature (MoM), randomised into three batches per harvest and analysed after 1, 8 and 14 days of shel...
Article
Non-destructive measurement of firmness is required by fruit industry for better fruit management. Aiming at non-destructively estimating firmness in apples, three optical maturity indices based on chlorophyll content were compared: the absorption coefficient measured at 670 nm (µa670) by time-resolved reflectance spectroscopy (TRS), the IAD measur...
Article
The objective of this comparative study was to determine the quality changes in five peach genotypes [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] during ripening of fruit harvested at commercial maturity (i.e., fruit picked mature but not fully ripe), and at full physiological maturity. The genotypes used were ‘Big Top’ nectarine, ‘Redhaven’, and its white-fleshed...
Article
This work aimed at studying the influence of non-destructively grading fruit at harvest by time-resolved reflectance spectroscopy (TRS) on E-nose pattern, sensory attributes and flavor components of peaches stored for 1 month at different temperatures. At harvest, 240 'Spring Belle' peaches were measured by TRS, ranked according to decreasing μa670...
Article
‘Abbé Fétel’ is the most important pear cultivar in Italy but is susceptible to superficial scald and soft scald during storage. Superficial scald is controlled by ethoxyquin but recently it has been excluded from the list of the active ingredients of chemicals used in food production. The combination of 1-MCP and dynamic controlled atmosphere (DCA...
Article
The effect of initial low oxygen stress (ILOS) on α-farnesene, conjugated trienols (CTols), fermentative metabolites and superficial scald development in ‘Conference’ pears was investigated. At harvest, fruit were untreated or treated with 300 ppb 1-MCP. After 4 weeks at -0.5°C, fruit were stored up to 13 weeks in controlled atmosphere (CA, 2 kPaO2...
Conference Paper
‘Abbé Fétel’ is the most important pear cultivar in Italy but is susceptible to superficial scald and soft scald during storage. Superficial scald is controlled by ethoxyquin but recently it has been excluded from the list of the active ingredients of chemicals used in food production. The combination of 1-MCP and dynamic controlled atmosphere (DCA...
Article
Processing steps, such as cutting and peeling, increase the respiration rate and ethylene production of apples, quickening senescence phenomena with effects on texture, color and flavor. Packaging in modified atmosphere (MAP) is one of the most used techniques to control this decay. This study concerns both conventional (CO2, O2, N2) and alternativ...
Article
Air-dried apple rings were prepared from ‘Golden Delicious’ apples selected at harvest as less mature and more mature according to the absorption coefficient measured at 670 nm by time-resolved reflectance spectroscopy (TRS), stored in air for 5 months, and subjected to air-drying with (OSMO) and without (noOSMO) osmodehydration pre-treatment (60%...
Article
The potential of spatially resolved diffuse reflectance spectroscopy in the 500–1000 nm range by means of a fiber-optics probe was investigated for acquiring scattering and absorption properties of air dried apple rings subjected to different pre-treatment conditions: without osmo-dehydration (TQ) and with osmo-dehydration for 1 (OSMO1) and 3 h (OS...
Article
Time-resolved Reflectance Spectroscopy (TRS) in the 540–900 nm spectral range has been tested in order to assess nondestructively the biological age of Brazilian mangoes. To this purpose a TRS set-up has been used to measure absorption and scattering coefficients of 60 intact mango fruits (cultivar ‘Haden’), harvested in Minas Gerais, Brazil, and t...
Article
The aim of this research was to study the relationships among the optical properties measured by TRS in the spectral 630-900nm range and apple texture measured through sensory and physical analysis in fruit of different maturity. ‘Braeburn’ and ‘Cripps Pink’ (Pink Lady®) apples, harvested at three times (H1, H2, H3), were measured by TRS at 670 nm...
Article
Nectarine fruit after cool storage soften normally, but become sometimes dry instead of juicy. An experiment was conducted to see if time resolved reflectance spectroscopy (TRS) could distinguish this internal disorder non-destructively. The optical parameter of absorption coefficient μa at 670 nm of nectarine (Prunus persica 'Morsiani 90') was mea...
Article
The effect of a steam blanching preconditioning step was investigated on the chemical, nutraceutical and morphological characteristics of osmo-dehydrated blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) in sucrose or glucose/fructose osmotic solutions. Mass transfer phenomena (solid gain, water loss and sugar gain) were monitored into the samples at intervals...
Article
The aim of this research was to study the relationships between electronic nose (E-nose) pattern, maturity class of peaches assessed at harvest by means of absorption coefficient at 670 nm (μ(a)670) measured in fruit pulp by time-resolved reflectance spectroscopy (TRS), and quality evolution during a 4 week cold storage. 'Spring Belle' peaches were...
Article
Blueberries ( Vaccinium corymbosum L.) are rich sources of phenolics and anthocyanins (ACNs). We investigated the absorption of ACNs after consumption of one portion (300 g) of minimally processed blueberry purée (P) obtained from blanched (BL) or unblanched (NB) berries. A repeated-measures, crossover design study was conducted on healthy human vo...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
Pigmented fruit, specially blueberries, are a natural source of phenolic phytochemicals which could be exploited through proper technologies, limiting by -product loss and detrimental impact of processing on fruit bioactive compounds. Frozen blueberry purée could be a versatile product, processed without pomace loss and potentially rich in all the...
Article
During cold storage plums (Prunus domestica L.) are susceptible to developing internal disorders, such as jellying and internal browning. Time-resolved reflectance spectroscopy (TRS) is a promising method to detect internal disorders in fruit non-destructively. Experiments were performed with plums ('Jubileum') stored at 1 and 4C for three weeks. S...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
The aim of this work was to test whether time-resolved reflectance spectroscopy (TRS) can be used to non-destructively detect Internal Brown Spot (IBS) in whole and unpeeled potato tubers. Three IBS affected tubers were externally measured by TRS in the range 540-900nm in correspondence of the internal healthy (H) and black spot tissues (IBS) and t...
Article
Full-text available
A wider range of fruit-based products, preserving high nutritional and sensory attributes, aid towards achieving a healthy diet. Pigmented fruit, specially blueberries, are a natural source of phenolic phytochemicals which could be exploited through proper technologies, limiting by-product loss and detrimental impact of processing on fruit bioactiv...
Article
Full-text available
Brown Heart (BH) is an internal disorder which is visible only when fruit are cut open. The aim of this work was to test whether time-resolved reflectance spectroscopy (TRS) can be used to detect BH in intact ‘Braeburn’ apples stored for 3 and 6 months in BH inducing (1% O2 + 5% CO2) and not-inducing (2.5% O2 + 0.7% CO2) conditions. At each storage...
Article
Full-text available
With the aim of studying the optical properties of ‘Pink Lady®’ apples measured by TRS during storage in normal atmosphere and of relating them to fruit maturity and structural characteristics, 60 apples, measured at harvest by TRS at 670 nm and in the spectral range 740−1100 nm, were ranked on the basis of decreasing μa670 (increasing maturity) an...