Anna Macleod

Dalhousie University | Dal · Faculty of Medicine

Introduction: The prospect of death is everywhere, but seldom directly addressed, in undergraduate medical education (UGME). Despite calls for UGME curricula to address the complex social and emotional aspects of death and dying, most curricula focus on biomedical, legal, and logistical aspects, or concentrate these topics within palliative care co...

Context Epistemic injustice refers to a wrong done to someone in their capacity as a knower. While philosophers have detailed the pervasiveness of this issue within healthcare, it is only beginning to be discussed by medical educators. The purpose of this article is to expand the field's understanding of this concept and to demonstrate how it can b...

Case-informed learning is an umbrella term we use to classify pedagogical approaches that use text-based cases for learning. Examples include Problem-Based, Case-Based, and Team-Based approaches, amongst others. We contend that the cases at the heart of case-informed learning are philosophical artefacts that reveal traditional positivist orientatio...

Purpose: Undergraduate medical education (UGME) was transformed by the rapid move to online curriculum delivery during the COVID-19 pandemic. Most research on online UGME has focused on measuring its effectiveness. However, medical educators also require evidence regarding its implications with respect to well-being and inclusion. Method: To exp...

Human body donation (HBD) serves an essential function in many medical schools, particularly in institutions where people engage in cadaver-based simulation (CBS) as a pedagogical approach. The people who facilitate HBD and CBS have a highly specialized skill set, yet their expertise remains largely unacknowledged, and takes place out of sight from...

PhenomenonCadavers have long played an important and complex role in medical education. While research on cadaver-based simulation has largely focused on exploring student attitudes and reactions or measuring improvements in procedural performance, the ethical, philosophical, and experiential aspects of teaching and learning with cadavers are rarel...

The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the international medical education community in unprecedented ways. The restrictions imposed to control the spread of the virus have upended our routines and forced us to reimagine our work structures, educational programming and delivery of patient care in ways that will likely continue to change how we live an...

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused unprecedented stress to the medical education community, potentially worsening problems like burnout and work-life imbalance that its members have long been grappling with. However, the collective struggle sparked by the pandemic could generate the critical reflection necessary for transforming profes...

Current literature indicated a training gap for physicians in equity, diversity and inclusion (EDI). This can impede physicians' ability to lead a diverse workforce, representing a barrier for certain groups to obtain positions of power within medicine. We conducted environmental scan to understand current trends in physician leadership training g...

Current literature indicates that there is a lack of training for physicians in relation to equity, diversity and inclusion (EDI).This can impede physicians' ability to lead a diverse workforce, representing a barrier for certain groups to obtain positions of power within medicine. To explore this gap, we conducted an environmental scan to understa...

This is a Final Research Report for SSHRC Knowledge Synthesis Grant. The COVID-19 pandemic, and our rapid move to online delivery of medical education, has significantly changed the work of medical educators and administrators, highlighting an important knowledge gap. Our scoping review was designed to respond to an urgent need to identify, organiz...

We find ourselves in a simulation suite, surrounded by bodies: the bodies of physician‐learners who are upgrading clinical skills; the bodies of teachers who are demonstrating the intricacies of intubation; and the bodies of staff members who are making sure everything runs smoothly.

Distributed medical education, and instruction at regional medical campuses, is becoming more prevalent. With its focus on connecting learners in multiple environments outside of traditional classroom or clinical environments, the role of technology is central to its success. In many distributed medical education settings, videoconferencing plays a...

Distributed medical education, and instruction at regional medical campuses, is becoming more prevalent. With its focus on connecting learners in multiple environments outside of traditional classroom or clinical environments, the role of technology is central to its success. In many distributed medical education settings, videoconferencing plays a...

Medical education is a messy tangle of social and material elements. These material entities include tools, like curriculum guides, stethoscopes, cell phones, accreditation standards, and mannequins; natural elements, like weather systems, disease vectors, and human bodies; and, objects, like checklists, internet connections, classrooms, lights, ch...

Collaboration in diverse teams is a central topic area in medical education, health research, and healthcare. As medical education researchers we implemented an internal grant policy to develop a progressive research partnership based on widely accepted guidelines for responsible conduct of research. Our intention was to proactively manage and guid...

Purpose: Videoconferencing-a network of buttons, screens, microphones, cameras, and speakers-is one way to ensure that undergraduate medical curricula are comparably delivered across distributed medical education (DME) sites, a common requirement for professional accreditation. However, few researchers have critically explored the role of videocon...

Distributed medical education (DME) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Much of the published literature on DME has focused on the experiences of learners in distributed programs; however, our empirical work leads us to believe that DME changes the context significantly, not only for learners, but also for other important members of the educational...

This paper examines an important aspect of academic medicine leadership, in which leaders are expected to be highly collaborative yet responsible for organizational control and compliance. Management studies identify two coherent yet competing discourses that shape our understanding of leadership: discourses of coercion and discourses of care. This...

Introduction The practice of medicine involves, among other things, managing ambiguity, interpreting context and making decisions in the face of uncertainty. These uncertainties, amplified for learners, can be negotiated in a variety of ways; however, the promise, efficiency and availability of mobile technologies and clinical decision supports mak...

This article is derived from a three-year ethnography of distributed medical education at one Canadian University across two Canadian provinces. It explores the ways in which students and staff work inside the technologically rich teaching environments within which the curriculum is delivered. Drawing on data constructed through observations, inter...

ABSTRACT Participatory action projects, such as Photovoice, can provide medical trainees with a unique opportunity for community engagement. Through Photovoice, participants with lived experience engage in dialog and capture photographs of community issues. Participants subsequently develop narratives that accompany photos to raise awareness about...

This article, derived from a three-year ethnography of distributed medical education provision in a Canadian university, explores the ways in which information and communication technologies are used by teachers and students in their everyday work within technologically rich teaching environments. The environments being researched are two universit...

Unlabelled: PHENOMENON: Homelessness is a major public health concern. Given that homeless individuals have high rates of mortality and morbidity, are more likely to be users of the healthcare system, and often report unmet health needs, it is important to examine how homelessness is addressed in medical education. We wanted to examine content and...

Leadership norms and expectations are continually evolving in higher education. Medical education is no exception to that trend, but shifts over time are intangible and difficult to measure. To explore emerging changes, the authors conducted a textual analysis of published career advertisements from 2000–2004 and 2010–2014. While a number of common...

This chapter promotes alignment of worldview, theoretical frameworks and research approaches in relation to constructivism and its philosophical underpinnings. It presents an overview of constructivist theories of learning. The chapter then focuses on constructivist approaches to research: its traditions and methods. It provides examples from vario...

Distributed medical education (DME) is a type of distance learning in which students participate in medical education from diverse geographic locations using Web conferencing, videoconferencing, e-learning, and similar tools. DME is becoming increasingly widespread in North America and around the world.Although relatively new to medical education,...

Background : Transitioning from medical school to residency is difficult and stressful, necessitating innovation in easing this transition. In response, a Canadian neurosurgical Rookie Camp was designed and implemented to foster acquisition of technical, cognitive and behavioral skills among incoming Canadian post graduate year one (PGY-1) neurosur...

Patient safety depends on excellent practice of anaesthetists' non-technical skills (ANTS). The ANTS framework has been validated in developed countries but there is no literature on the practice of ANTS in low-income countries. This study examines ANTS in this unexplored context. This qualitative ethnographic study used observations of Rwandan ana...

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Poster. Conference: , University of Stirling, Scotland. June 2014.

The concept of ‘‘the hidden curriculum’’ has become a part of the everyday discourse of medical education. With roots in the broader field of education, the concept has had a significant influence on medical education since Hafferty & Franks brought it to our attention (1994). Twenty years later, this personal view paper problematizes the concept a...

Poster as part of SSHRC grant: Medical Education in a Digital Age: A Novel Research Protocol.

Poster as part of SSHRC grant

Background: Dalhousie University's MD Programme faced a one-year timeline for renewal of its undergraduate curriculum. Aim: Key goals were renewed faculty engagement for ongoing quality improvement and increased collaboration across disciplines for an integrated curriculum, with the goal of preparing physicians for practice in the twenty-first c...

Problem-based learning (PBL) cases tell a story of a medical encounter; however, the version of the story is typically very biomedical in focus. The patient and her or his experience of the situation are rarely the focus of the case despite a prevalent discourse of patient-centeredness in contemporary medical education. This report describes a qual...

This paper considers the multiple discourses that influence medical education with a focus on the discourses of competence and caring. Discourses of competence are largely constituted through, and related to, biomedical and clinical issues whereas discourses of caring generally focus on social concerns. These discourses are not necessarily equal pa...

The concept of ‘patient-centredness’ is increasingly central inmedical education curriculum (Richards & Inglehart 2006;Tsimtsiou et al. 2007); yet, it is also well-recognised that thepatients whom we serve are becoming increasingly diverse. Inthis edition, Gustafson and Reitmanova (2010) call ourattention to the fact that the Canadian population is...

Faculties (i.e., schools) of medicine along with their sister health discipline faculties can be important organizational vehicles to promote, cultivate, and direct interprofessional education (IPE). The authors present information they gathered in 2007 about five Canadian IPE programs to identify key factors facilitating transformational change wi...

The medical community is giving increasing attention to issues of social class, gender, race, ethnicity, culture and other areas of difference in interprofessional education and patient care. The Changing Worlds: Diversity and Health Care Project, an interprofessional diversity education initiative, was designed with the aim of exploring social iss...

The importance of reflection and reflective practice are frequently noted in the literature; indeed, reflective capacity is regarded by many as an essential characteristic for professional competence. Educators assert that the emergence of reflective practice is part of a change that acknowledges the need for students to act and to think profession...

The authors critically examined the quantitative measures of cultural competence most commonly used in medicine and in the health professions, to identify underlying assumptions about what constitutes competent practice across social and cultural diversity. A systematic review of approximately 20 years of literature listed in PubMed, the Cumulative...

Thesis (M.A. Ed.)--Mount Saint Vincent University, 2002. Includes bibliographical references.