Anna GuttovaPlant Science and Biodiversity Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia · Institute of Botany
Anna Guttova
PhD.
About
84
Publications
24,670
Reads
How we measure 'reads'
A 'read' is counted each time someone views a publication summary (such as the title, abstract, and list of authors), clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the full-text. Learn more
1,113
Citations
Citations since 2017
Introduction
Anna Bérešová (né Guttová) currently works at the Institute of Botany, Plant Science and Biodiversity Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia. Anna does research in Mycology, Botany and Systematics (Taxonomy). Scientific focus (methods, organisms): phylogeography, phylogeny, biosystematics of lichens, morphometrics, ecological niche modelling, biodiversity; Mediterranean dwelling lichens - Solenopsora
Additional affiliations
September 1995 - present
Plant Science and Biodiversity Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences
Position
- Managing Director
Publications
Publications (84)
Mountains are species-rich systems. Diverse topography, microclimate, geology, habitat heterogeneity or latitudinal extent enhance biodiversity. Altitudinal range and high elevations support also the presence of unique species, including lichens. One of the largest European mountains – the Alps, belong to globally lichenologically best investigated...
Darmostuk, V., Fakovcov, Z., Breidy, J., Dokmak, H., van den Boom, P. P. G. & Guttov, A. 2022. Solenopsora species as hosts of lichenicolous fungi. Herzogia 35: 115 130. We examined the thalli of members of the lichen genus Solenopsora (Leprocaulaceae) to learn more about their potential to host symptomatic lichenicolous fungi. Altogether, 600 spec...
In this contribution, new data concerning bryophytes, fungi and lichens of the Italian flora are presented. It includes new records and confirmations for the bryophyte genera Bryum , Cryphaea , Didymodon , and Grimmia ; the fungal genera Bryostigma , Cercidospora , Conocybe , Cortinarius , Endococcus , Inocybe , Psathyrella , and Sphaerellothecium...
This paper includes a dichotomous key, descriptions and predictive distributional maps for all of the 9 infrageneric taxa of the lichen genus Solenopsora (Leprocaulaceae) known to occur in Italy. The genus includes obligatory saxicolous lichens with the main centre of diversity in the Mediterranean, Macaronesian, and Madrean biogeographical regions...
We present new data concerning lichen species of the Italian flora and confirm 36 national red-listed species.
Researches and applied lichenological studies carried out in Slovakia were reviewed, with reference to the period 1960–2020. Field studies and reviews devoted to the causal relation between environmental pollution and lichens are presented, encompassing the use of biodiversity and bioaccumulation techniques as well as ecophysiological parameters in...
Species translocation can be considered as a primary conservation strategy with reference to in situ conservation. In the case of lichens, translocations often risk to fail due stress factors associated with unsuitable receptor sites. Considering the bioecological characteristics of lichens, air pollution is among the most limiting stress factors....
In this contribution, new data concerning bryophytes, fungi, and lichens of the Italian flora are presented. It includes new records and confirmations for the bryophyte genera Encalypta , Grimmia , and Riccia , for the fungal genera Hericium , Inocybe , Inocutis , Pluteus , and Russula , and for the lichen genera Bryoria , Farnoldia , Hypocenomyce...
We present a second short list of already identifi ed lichens collected during OPTIMA ITER to Tunisia in 2014. Th e lichens were collected in 20 sampling sites in the northern part of the country. We report on ecological and distributional data related to 45 taxa, 11 of them were not included in the published checklist of lichens of Tunisia and fur...
Genetic patterns of lichenized fungi often display a mosaic-like and difficult to interpret structure blurring their evolutionary history. The genetic diversity and phylogeographic pattern of a mycobiont of the predominantly Mediterranean dwelling lichen Solenopsora candicans were investigated on the base of extensive sampling (361 individuals, 77...
We aimed to identify how the alkaline dust fallout from magnesite factories (Slovenské rudohorie Mts, Western Carpathians) affects biodiversity and species composition of oak-hornbeam forests, and to compare sensitivity of local biodiversity represented by vascular plants (including flowering plants and ferns) and cryptogams (cyanobacteria, macromy...
Forest management practices may heavily affect epiphytic cryptogams. This study was conceived in March 2016, as soon as we were informed about an authorized logging for timber within a Mediterranean mixed oak forest in Tus-cany (central Italy), which threatened a large population of the forest macro-lichen Lobaria pulmonaria (L.) Hoffm., composed o...
Recently indoor air quality (IAQ) has become a key issue, especially in schools, where children spend most of the day. Only in a few cases IAQ was investigated using lichens as biomonitors. During autumn 2017, lichens (Evernia prunastri) were exposed for two months indoors and outdoors in public (schools) and private (dwellings) environments, in bo...
In this contribution, new data concerning algae, bryophytes, fungi, and lichens of the Italian flora are presented. It includes new records and confirmations for the algae genus Chara , the bryophyte genera Cephalozia , Conardia , Conocephalum , Didymodon , Sphagnum , Tetraplodon , and Tortula , the fungal genera Endophyllum , Gymnosporangium , Mic...
Forest management practices may heavily impact epiphytic (tree inhabiting)
organisms. Retaining tree patches and buffer strips in logged stands may contribute
to preserve ecosystem functioning and the vitality of epiphytic organisms
in managed forests. To test these statements, the threatened forest
macrolichen Lobaria pulmonaria (L.) Hoffm. was us...
An ecological biogeographical perspective provides an understanding of the factors that shape the geographical distribution of organisms, their biodiversity and ecological speciation. Focusing on members of the lichen genus Solenopsora, which are strongly linked to a Mediterranean-type climate, we aimed to depict their environmental niches in the A...
We present occurrences of 94 lichen species recorded during our field work in various sites of the National park Muránska planina and we comment on noteworthy findings. The following 25 species have not been reported from Muránska planina so far:, T. rubella and Thelotrema lepadinum. Suitable humidity as well as presence of wood in forests support...
In this contribution, new data concerning bryophytes, fungi, and lichens of the Italian flora are presented. It includes new records and confirmations for the bryophyte genera Barbula , Fissidens , Gymnostomum , Jungermannia , Riccia , and Scapania , the fungal genera Hyalopsora and Urocystis and the lichen genera Arthothelium , Chaenotheca , Lepra...
Nomenclatural type definitions are one of the most important concepts in biological nomenclature. Being physical objects that can be re-studied by other researchers, types permanently link taxonomy (an artificial agreement to classify biological diversity) with nomenclature (an artificial agreement to name biological diversity).
Two proposals to am...
We analysed a dataset composed by the frequency of 79 epiphytic lichens recorded on 243 oaks distributed in 29 oak dominated stands of the Western Carpathians, representing areas with high environmental quality up to disturbed environments. Lichen diversity indices (based on total frequencies and on functional and morphological groups) were used as...
In this contribution, new data concerning bryophytes, fungi and lichens of the Italian flora are presented. It includes new records and confirmations for the bryophyte genera Campylopus, Paludella, Tortula, and Conocephalum, the fungal genera Agonimia, Buelliella, Entorrhiza, Filicupula, Poronia, and Sporisorium, the lichen genera Cladonia, Dibaeis...
The content of selected elements (Al, As, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, S, Ti, V and Zn) was measured in samples of the lichen Evernia prunastri exposed for 30, 90 and 180 days around a cement mill, limestone and basalt quarries and urban and agricultural areas in SW Slovakia. Lichens transplanted around the investigated quarries and the ceme...
We studied the ecological requirements of two closely related species of lichens, Solenopsora cesatii and S. candicans, which grow predominantly on basic rocks in natural habitats.We determined the ecological niches they occupy at the centre of their distribution (Mediterranean Basin) where they occur sympatrically and in areas with a continental c...
The suitability of the cyanolichen Peltigera praetextata (Sommerf.) Zopf as indicator of the effects of air pollution around a cement industry was investigated. For this purpose, lichen samples taken from an unpolluted site were exposed for 1–6 months at selected sites (a cement mill, two quarries, inhabited and agricultural sites) in SW Slovakia:...
A preliminary list of the so far identified lichens collected during the 12th OPTIMA Iter to
Tunisia in 2014 is presented. Altogether 37 collecting sites in the northern part of the country
were visited. The lichen collection comprises ≤ 300 capsules kept in SAV, of which duplicates
are being prepared for the Palermo Herbarium (PAL). Ecological and...
The study investigated the ecophysiological and ultrastructural effects of dust pollution from a cement industry in the lichen species Evernia prunastri and Xanthoria parietina, which were exposed for 30, 90 and 180 days around a cement mill, two quarries, and inhabited and agricultural sites in SW Slovakia. The results showed that dust deposition...
We present the outputs of a pilot lichenological survey of the Nature Reserve Klapy (NW Slovakia; 6.22 ha), an elevation point topped with limestone cliffs and outcrops, being a part of a klippen-belt which lines the Inner Western Carpathians. The list comprises 122 taxa recorded in forest biotopes and xerotherms, on tree bark, rocky substrates and...
The lichen genus Solenopsora occurs predominantly in temperate and subtropical regions of the world, and the centre of diversity and distribution is in the Mediterranean, Macaronesian, and Madrean floristic regions. Taxonomic treatment of several taxa has varied over time and the concepts lack clarity. Focusing on multilocus sequence data, morpholo...
The list of 211 lichen taxa recorded from the Cerová vrchovina Mts is presented. This mountain range is specific because of the occurrence of volcanic outcrops, which form volcanic cones, diatreme and lava sheets and streams. The lichen flora was investigated on five localities – Natural Monuments Belinské skaly and Soví hrad, Nature Reserves Hajná...
We characterize lichen flora of Slovakia based on the review of recent studies published since 1998, point at selected lichen taxa described for science from this territory and outline main geographical elements and other important groups. We annex critically revised and updated checklist of lichens of Slovakia, which includes 1,628 species. As a r...
Anema tumidulum Henssen nom. nud. is validated by a formal description. The species is shown to be widespread in Europe. Most records come from Central Europe and Norway, but the species might still be under-collected in other regions. It is confined to calcareous habitats, sporadically moistened, sunny, open calcareous rock faces in thermophilous,...
We tested whether freezing of air-dried lichen thalli alter physiological parameters commonly used as valuable stress markers in laboratory and field ecophysiological studies, namely integrity of cell membranes (measured as electrolyte leakage), assimilation pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, chlorophyll a+b, total carotenoids content), chloro...
The epiphytic lichen Evernia prunastri is sensitive to air pollution and reacted by total retreat to the worsening of air quality during the peak of SO2 pollution in Central Europe (1950s–1990). Since 1990, after a significant decrease in air pollution, epiphytic lichens recolonized previously polluted areas, including E. prunastri. We investigated...
We characterize lichen flora of Slovakia based on the review of recent studies published since 1998, point at
selected lichen taxa described for science from this territory and outline main geographical elements and other important
groups. We annex critically revised and updated checklist of lichens of Slovakia, which includes 1,628 species. As a r...
: Lichens of the Muránska Planina National Park IV – Fabova hoľa. Contemporary knowledge of the lichen-flora of Fabova hoľa Mt. (the Muránska Planina National Park) based on recent field research and compilation of existing data is summarized. So far 164 species have been recorded here. Six of them were not reported from Slovakia so far: Gyalideops...
The occurrence of the epiphytic lichen Hyperphyscia adglutinata in Slovakia is summarized. There are several reports from the first half of the 20 th century, even of fertile thalli. However, recent occurrence is limited. The species has its distributional optimum in Mediterranean Europe, where is particularly abundant in dry and eutrophicated habi...
The species Leptogium schraderi and L. turgidum were overlooked and undercollected in Slovakia in past. These small, fruticose cyanolichens occur on soil or among mosses in calcareous habitats. This study summarizes all known published and herbarium data from Slovakia and provides distribution map. L. schraderi was so far recorded in 27 localities...
Solenopsora candicans was an overlooked lichen species in Hungary. The two old localities were revisited (one of them could be confirmed) and five new occurrences were discovered. Its current distribution in Hungary is presented and discussed.
The article brings information on a lichen species Leptogium ferax newly recorded for the territory of Hungary. So far known distribution of the species in Europe is discussed, so as the phytogeographical significance of the locality in Mt Nagy-Szénás in the Buda Mts.
D. (2011): The ecological knowl-edge on Crepidotus kubickae – a case study from central Slovakia. – Czech Mycol. 63(2): 215–241. The ecological knowledge on Crepidotus kubickae is not only insufficient in Slovakia but also in the rest of Europe. In the years 2008–2011, a case study was therefore carried out in central Slovakia to find out more data...
The lichen Evernia prunastri (L.) Ach. has been exposed for 3 months in and around an industrial area of Mediterranean Italy for monitoring physiological (photosynthetic efficiency, membrane lipids peroxidation and cell membrane integrity) and chemical (bioaccumulation of the heavy metals Cr, Ni, Pb, V and Zn) effects and investigate the consistenc...
The study illustrates the response of epiphytic lichens to changing atmospheric conditions in Central Europe, where the emission of air pollutants has significantly decreased from 1990, in the area in and around Bratislava City. Variation in concentrations of seven metal elements (Cu, Cd, Cr, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) in the thalli of Evernia prunastri, H...
Air pollution is a factor that modifies the naturalness of ecosystems, including species diversity. The greatest source of emissions in the region of Krompachy (East Slovakia) was the copper smelter, which has been functioning more than 100 years. Air pollution induced large degradation process, e.g. vegetation decline or die back of a number of pl...
Following the study of epiphytic lichens in 30 apple orchards from Poland, Slovakia and Italy the list of 74 taxa was prepared. The most common are the meso-to xerophytic and heliophilous species. The highest number of taxa was observed in Slovak orchards. Moreover, lichens shared with at least one other country were also noted mainly in Slovakia....
Vondrák, J., Guttová, A. & Mayrhofer, H. 2008. A further contribution to the knowledge of lichen-forming and lichenicolous fungi in Crete. – Herzogia 21: 105–124. 212 taxa of lichen-forming and 13 species of lichenicolous fungi are recorded from Crete. Nine lichen genera (Cetraria, Lasallia, Miriquidica, Peltula, Porocyphus, Schaereria, Seirophora,...
A total of 205 lichen taxa (198 species, 2 subspecies, 4 varieties, 1 forma) and one lichenicolous fungus were identified from 25 different localities in the Batman, Mardin, Osmaniye and Sivas regions of Turkey. Cladonia metacorallifera, Caloplaca flavocitrina, Caloplaca variabilis f. ocellulata, Phaeophyscia chloantha and Usnea wasmuthii are new t...
P i š ú t i., L a c k o v i č o v á A., G u t t o v á A., P a l i c e Z.: New lichen records from Bukovské vrchy Mts (NE Slovakia). Acta Mycol. 42 (2): 267-280, 2007. interesting findings of 100 lichens from the Bukovské vrchy Mts (Biosphere Reserve Poloniny, Slovak part) are reported as the result of recent survey work. two species are new for Slo...
Lecanora carpathica Zahlbr., described on material from Malé Karpaty Mts. in Slovakia, is shown to be an illegitimate younger homonym of Lecanora carpatica Zschacke, which is a synonym of Immersaria cupreoatra. Zahlbruckner's material is shown to belong to Lecanora allophana.
Effects of high ammonia emissions and nitrogen deposition were investigated on lichens around a pig stockfarm (ca. 7,000 animals) in central Italy. Four sites were selected along a transect at 200, 400, 1000 and 2500 m from the stockfarm, the diversity of epiphytic lichens was measured and transplanted thalli of Xanthoria parietina and Flavoparmeli...
Epiphytic lichens are extremely sensitive to environmental perturbations. This research work has adapted and applied recently developed methods of assessing epiphytic lichen species diversity to the Irish semi-natural acidophilous woodlands of Knocksink Wood Nature Reserve, Enniskerry, Co. Wicklow, Ireland. The study has focused on the differences...
The results of a survey aimed at investigating whether NO2 and NH3 emitted by road traffic can influence lichen diversity, lichen vitality and the accumulation of nitrogen in lichen thalli are reported. For this purpose, distance from a highway in a rural environment of central Italy was regarded as the main parameter to check this hypothesis. The...
The results of a bioindication study based on the diversity of epiphytic lichens in a semi-arid area of South Italy are presented.
The area features the presence of an industrial zone located in a rural context. The survey was performed in 20 sampling sites.
The lichen diversity values (LDV) were determined by the frequencies of all lichen species...
Guttová, A., Bačkor, M. Marhold, K. & Slezáková, V., 2006: Morphometric and chemical evaluation of Solenopsora carpatica (Catillariaceae). – In: Lackovičová, A., Guttová, A., Lisická, E. & Lizoň, P. (eds.), Central European lichens – diversity and threat, Mycotaxon Ltd., Ithaca, pp. 85-96.
The position of Solenopsora carpatica is discussed in terms...
Specimens assigned to Leptogium diffractum originating in Slovakia and Czech Republic were located and revised. The occurrence of the species in Slovakia is supported by one historic collection and one new finding, presented here. The rest of the material as well as Czech material represent Collema parvum. L. diffractum and its synonym L. placodiel...
Contemporary knowledge of the lichen−flora of Mt Cigánka (the Muránska Planina National
Park) based on recent field research and compilation of existing data is summarized. So far 338 species
have been recorded here. 14 of them were not recorded from Slovakia so far: Agonimia globulifera,
Caloplaca adriatica, Candelariella efflorescens, Collema lig...
The genus Dimerella, comprising ca 25 species worldwide, was studied to clarify its occurrence in Slovakia. The paper, based on literature review, revision of collections (BP, BRA, PR, PRC, SAV, W, herb. Vfezda, herb. Pi{út) and fieldwork, brings together evidence of two species, D. pineti and D. lutea. The first voucher specimens and published dat...
GUTTOVÁ, A., Character of lichen diversity of Slovak part of the Pie-niny Mts. and its adjacent area. Biosozologia, Bratislava, 3: 23–45, 2005; ISBN 80-223-2156-7. Abstract: Lichen flora of the National Park Pieniny was recently studied from 1996 until now. The results are presented along with the summary of up-to-date knowledge. The list of lichen...
Comments on 11 species of cyanophilic lichens are presented. A new combination Peccania cernohorskyi is proposed, commented on and typified. Anema nodulosum, A. prodigulum, Lempholemma intricatum, Leptogium ferax, Porocyphus rehmicus and Zahlbrucknerella calcarea are reported from Slovakia for the first time, Leptogium biatorinum and L. magnussonii...
Lichenized, lichenicolous and lichen-allied fungi recorded during the 9 th Spring Meeting of the Bryological & Lichenological Section of the Czech Botanical Society at Hajnice (Třeboň/Jindřichův Hradec area, South Bohemia) are presented. The list comprises 220 taxa plus two amendments originating from the previous visit of the area by one of the au...
Two manuscripts on flora of the vicinity of the town Revúca by devoted Slovak polymath Gustáv Maurícius Reuss (1818–1861) are presented and evaluated from lichenological and bryological viewpoint. They comprise 17 lichens, 3 of which are currently red-listed: Anaptychia ciliaris (CR), Evernia prunastri (EN), Brodoa atrofusca (VU). 2 unique vernacul...
A second contribution continues a series of papers on the lichen-flora of outstanding, small-scaled protected areas within the
Muránska planina National Park (Central Slovakia). The survey was conducted in a magnificient and well-known valley, the Javorníková dolina, which had been so far lichenologically almost untouched. As with the previously st...
Genus Solenopsora A. MASSAL. in Slovakia is discussed. The species S. candicans, not included in the checklists or overviews of Carpathian lichen-flora, is reported from Slovakia for the first time. Data on distribution of S. carpatica, having been known in Slovakia only from its locus classicus, were supplemented.
An information on new localities of several rare or overlooked lichenized fungi in Slovakia is given. Three species (Bacidina chloroticula, Bacidina delicata, Gonohymenia schleichen) are refered as new records for Slovakia here; ParmeJia flaventior, missing since 1933, was found in Pieniny Mts. Some critically endangered lichenized ascomycetes (e.g...
New localities of eleven rare and threatened lichens in Slovakia are reported. Leptogium schraderi (BERNH.) NYL. - a new species of Slovak lichen flora, is presented.
The results of the lichen collecting excursion to the Nature Reserve Tematínske vrchy (Povaský Inovec Mts., Slovakia) are presented along with the unpublished records dating back to 1977. Altogether 181 species and 2 subspecies were recorded; 9 specimens were determined only at the generic level. Three species are new records for Slovakia: Arthoth...
Occurrence of cyanolichens was studied in seminatural and anthropogenic secondary terrestrial biotopes in Slovakia. The first group represents inland salt meadows and sand dunes, the second one mostly includes roads and paths. Eight species were recorded: Collema crispum, C. limosum, C. tenax, Lempholemma chalazanum, Leptogium biatorinum, L. schrad...
Seventeen new lichen taxa for Slovakia from the National Park Muránska planina (Central Slovakia, W Carpathians) are reported and shortly commented upon. They include both widely distributed, presumably under-collected, pioneer or ephemeral lichens (Absconditella trivialis, Arthonia muscigena, Gyalidea diaphana, Micarea lithinella, Trapeliopsis gla...
Projects
Projects (3)
The Carpathians are one of the main components of the European Alpine System with wide range of well-preserved habitats, e.g. primeval forests or large continuous forests. Based on the biodiversity indicators, they belong to the richest biogeographical regions in Europe and are recognized as one of the major centres of endemism (e.g. vascular plants, vertebrates). This results from the combination of several factors: geographical position, geographical isolation, geomorphology, landscape heterogeneity, diversity of habitats. Components of the Carpathian biota range from alpine, arctic-alpine, Mediterranean and Asian elements.
The Carpathians are considerably rich in lichen species. The data are dispersed in different publications with local or regional scope. However, a synthesis of the knowledge on the scale of the whole Carpathian range is missing. Looking at the results of two editions of the conference “Biogeography of the Carpathians” (2013 Krakow, Poland; 2017 Cluj-Napoca, Romania) and the recent output of the activities in the Alps and publication of the annotated checklist of the lichens of the Alps (Nimis et al. 2018) we see it important to proceed towards a comprehensive overview of lichen diversity of the Carpathians. In 2017 we established a regional working group. Our long-term aim is to summarize published data on the diversity of lichens across the arc of the Carpathians and compile an annotated checklist. We invite colleagues from Austria and Serbia to complement our team.
References
Badiová-Brinzíková M., Baláž E., Bizubová M., Botos I.C., Brinzík M., Dušek J., Fedor P., Galvánek D., Guttová A., Hájek M., Chrenková M., Macura M., Michalek M., Mišíková K., Ochwat-Marcinkiewicz M., Ripková S., Seyboth A., Sos T., Tadic M., Tasenkevich L., Turtureanu D., Uhrin M., Zavadil V. 2009: World of the Carpathians. Handbook for environmental education. Bratislava: Daphne – Institute of applied ecology : Thüringer Ökoherz. Cicero a.s.: Carpathian Ecoregion Initiative, 367 p. ISBN 978-80-89133-18-5.
Bielczyk U., Lackovičová A., Lőkös L., Liška J., Breuss O. & Kondratyuk S. Ya. 2004: Checklist of lichens of the Western Carpathians. Kraków : W. Szafer Institute of Botany Polish Academy of Sciences. 181 p. ISBN 83-89648-12-1.
Ciurchea M. 2004. Determinatorul lichenilor din Romănia. Ed. BIT, Iasi.
Hurdu B.-I., Escalante T., Puşcaş M., Novikoff A, Bartha L. & Zimmermann N. E. 2016: Exploring the different factes of plant endemism in the South-Eastern Carpathians: a manifold approach for the determination of biotic elements, centres and areas of endemism. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 119: 649–672.
Kondratyuk S. Ya., Popova L. P., Lackovičová A. & Pišút I. 2003: A catalogue of Eastern Carpathians lichens. Kiev ; Bratislava : M. H. Kholodny Institute of Botany. 264 p.
Mráz P. & Ronikier M. 2016: Biogeography of the Carpathians: evolutionary and spatial facets of biodiversity. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 119: 528–559.
Mráz P., Barabas D., Lengyelová L., Turis P., Schmotzer A., Janišová M. & Ronikier M. 2016: Vascular plant endemism in the Western Carpathians: spatial patterns, environmental correlates and taxon traints. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 119: 630–648.
Nimis P. L., Hafellner J., Roux C., Clerc P., Mayrhofer H., Martellos S. & Bilovitz P. O. 2018: The lichens of the Alps – an annotated checklist. MycoKeys 31: 1–634.
Fungi are large and phylogenetically diverse group of organisms. Members of this group are characteristic by large scale of trophic strategies. Occurrence of fungi with various trophic strategies depends primarily on presence of suitable substrate or associated (host or partner) plant. Fungal distribution areas are known not to copy distribution of its hosts (partners). Their distribution is limited by complex of ecological, climatic and geographic factors. The project is aimed to detect the role of trophic strategies and corresponding adaptation mechanisms with flexibility of fungi to inhabit various climatic zones or geographical areas. http://ibot.sav.sk/dipofungi-en/
Iran – with 1,640,000 square kilometres area, in the southwest of Asia- of the northern hemisphere, has its specific combination of different elements of life and a special ecosystem and biodiversity due to various factors including different climatic conditions, high mountains all around and a large desert in the centre. The Irano-Turanian Phytogeographical region is the most significant part of the country.
The Lichen Flora of Iran is an active project, started in May 2016 and is being implemented step by step by Iranian lichenologists. The Museum of Iranian Lichen and ICH herbarium are key infrastructures for progressing and managing this project. International experts and lichen taxonomists from all over the world collaborate on this project and review the selected specimens available to them from Iran and SW Asia. The goal of this project is to compile a comprehensive lichen flora of Iran in digital and printed form.