Anmar Dulaimi

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• BSc MSc PhD AFHEA
• Researcher/ Visiting Lecturer at Liverpool John Moores University

Cold asphalt emulsion mixtures (CAEMs) can be said to produce a reduced environmental impact and lower energy consumption in comparison to hot mix asphalt (HMA). They are also safer to use as there is no heating involved in the production and application of such mixtures. However, CAEMs are described as inferior to traditional HMA because of weak e...

The reduction of both environmental problems and construction costs has motivated the asphalt pavement industry to increasingly use waste materials as alternative raw materials in road pavements construction. This investigation aims to explore the potential of waste calcium carbide residue (CCR) for use as a filler in hot mix asphalt (HMA), by subs...

Road pavements are pivotal to the infrastructure, transportation and ultimate efficiency of both the public and the economy. However, they are undeniably having detrimental effects on an already compromised environment. Consequently, a re-think about road pavement construction materials is of paramount importance. Cold mix asphalt (CMA) is a low ca...

Global warming is an imminent threat that the world and its inhabitants have to confront. As such, it is the duty of the pavement industry as a contributor of greenhouse gas emissions, to pave the way by lowering its carbon footprint. It is vital that new measures are adopted in order to do so such as employing the use of emulsion-based mixtures (E...

The aim of this research was to develop a sustainable and ecologically sound, non-traditional cold mix asphalt (CMA) that can be used in the construction industry. This new type of CMA incorporates wastewater sludge fly ash (UFA) and bottom ash (UBA) as a replacement filler for ordinary Portland cement and limestone. Silica fume (SF) was also used...

Various stabilizers, such as jute, gypsum, rice-husk ash, fly ash, cement, lime, and discarded rubber tires, are commonly used to improve the shear strength and overall characteristics of clay subgrade soil. In this study, waste foundry sand (WFS) is utilized as a stabilizing material to enhance the properties of clay subgrade soil and strengthen t...

The rapid growth of industrial processes has led to a significant increase in the generation of various types of solid waste. This has created an opportunity to explore the potential utilization of such waste materials in pavement applications, addressing environmental concerns and offering potential cost savings in construction. This study explore...

Harnessing the power of phase change materials (PCMs) in asphalt pavements proposes a sustainable solution for addressing temperature-related issues, affording more robust and energy-efficient infrastructure. PCMs hold enormous potential for reforming various industries due to their ability to store and release large amounts of thermal energy, offe...

The presence of filler in asphalt concrete may improve the properties of the mixture. This study investigates the mechanical and volumetric properties of such a mixture using walnut shell ash as a filler in various replacement ratios. The mixtures were mixed with various proportions of limestone (0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 80%, and 100%) in...

Waste materials in asphalt mixtures have garnered significant interest due to environmental concerns and the necessity for sustainable infrastructure. This study evaluated the performance of a waste material-based hybrid asphalt mixture, including palm oil fuel ash (POFA), garnet waste, and sawdust. Numerous physical tests were conducted to examine...

The utilization of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) in flexible pavement construction and rehabilitation has gained significant traction, driven by the need to conserve limited natural resources. This study explores the effectiveness of bio-based oils derived from harvested crops as rejuvenators in asphalt mixtures containing 50% RAP. Comprehensive...

Pavement performance in clay soil roads can be enhanced with the help of the geogrid concept by increasing lateral confinement, bearing capacity, and overall rigidity of the pavement. Also, geogrid is useful in minimizing vertical and lateral pavement deformations. In this study, 65 tests are performed without and with two types of geogrid, and the...

Investigating the spatial-temporal evolutionary trends of future temperature and precipitation considering various emission scenarios is crucial for developing effective responses to climate change. However, researchers in Iraq have not treated this issue under CMIP6 in much detail. This research aims to examine the spatiotemporal characteristics o...

The asphalt industry has long been challenged with finding sustainable solutions to enhance the performance of asphalt mixtures while mitigating their environmental impact. One promising avenue is the incorporation of waste filler materials into asphalt mixtures. This review explores the feasibility and effectiveness of utilizing waste filler in as...

The construction industry recognizes the need for green, lightweight, and self-compacting materials that are also ecologically benign. Recent studies suggest that the novel lightweight foamed concrete (LFC) could potentially reduce the self-weight of structures. Adding natural fibers to FC improves its mechanical properties and contributes signific...

Termites are a vital component of the soil ecology and are present worldwide. They enhance soil acidity, organic carbon content, water content, and porosity in their native habitat through the decomposition of organic matter. Nevertheless, they have the potential to detrimentally affect human well-being through the destruction of vulnerable wooden...

Improper waste management is causing global environmental problems. Waste glass may have adverse impacts on the ecosystem. While a substantial amount of soda-lime glass bottle (SGB) undergoes recycling to create new glass items, a significant volume still ends up in landfills. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the potential use of SGB...

Currently, foamed concrete (FC) is widely employed in building construction and civil engineering works, and by using abundant natural fibers in FC, significant environmental benefits can be obtained. The durability properties of the essential materials acting independently could well be enhanced if the appropriate proportion of natural fiber-stren...

The present research investigates how incorporating waste concrete block aggregates (WCBA) in place of natural coarse (5–12 mm) aggregates (NCA) affect the characteristics of concrete pavement. The topography of the voids, water absorption, porosity, and hydraulic conductivity characteristics such as flexural and compressive strengths in addition t...

The efficacy of a pavement system is significantly influenced by the condition of the road pavement. Improving pavement quality is essentially the key to reducing problems with fatigue cracks and rutting on roads. One of its tenets is changing and enhancing asphalt’s performance by use of various additives. One of the plastics having the highest re...

Salinity is a classic problem in planning the quality of freshwater resources management. Recent studies related to hybrid machine learning models have shown it's capability to simulate salinity dynamics. However, previous studies of metaheuristic algorithms have not dealt with comparing single-and hybrid-based algorithms in much detail. The presen...

This article provides a comprehensive overview of the research utilising waste engine oil (WEO) in asphalt binders for multiple application purposes and the economic and environmental implications. It covers the various types and sources of WEO for information on their characteristics and the process of preparing WEO-asphalt binders. The study coll...

Three different densities (500 kg/m3, 1000 kg/m3, and 1500 kg/m3) of foamed concrete (FC) were tested alongside mortar with a density of 1980 kg/m3 to investigate how high temperatures affect the qualities of FC. A flow table test was used to examine the fresh qualities of the mixtures. The modulus of elasticity, ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), be...

This study is a critical review to assess the feasibility of using magnetic water to boost the overall performance of concrete. This is specifically conducted by evaluating the improvements of mechanical properties (split tensile strength, compressive strength, and flexural strength), cement particle water absorption, and cement hydration of concre...

The utilization of readily accessible natural fibres in lightweight foamed concrete (LWFC), which is already a widely used building material, can have a substantial positive impact on the environment. Therefore, the mechanical characteristics might be increased by using a correct mix proportion of fibre-reinforced LWFC. Innovative LWFC-agave fibre...

The intrinsic ability of asphalt pavement to undergo self-healing is not sufficient enough to effectively repair fractures resulting from a range of variables, including traffic load, asphalt aging and weather conditions. Consequently, the field of self-healing technology is focused on advancing crack repair techniques by employing microwave and in...

Soft soil concerns, due to high compressibility and low bearing capacity, prompted an investigation into stabilizing clay soil. Traditionally, binder including cement or lime has been used as stabilizers though a current requirement of alternatives is stem from environmental concerns. The study focused on the viability of using a novel binary activ...

High-strength concrete (HSC) makes up the vast majority of materials used in the construction sector due to its exceptional mechanical characteristics and outstanding long-term behaviour. However, in cement-based materials with a low water-to-binder ratio (w/b), excessive autogenous shrinkage has become a prevalent issue. This work suggests the sus...

The use of phase change materials (PCMs) has become an increasingly common way to reduce a building’s energy usage when added to the building envelope. This developing technology has demonstrated improvements in thermal comfort and energy efficiency, making it a viable building energy solution. The current study intends to provide a comprehensive r...

Waste materials in asphalt mixtures have garnered significant interest due to environmental concerns and the necessity for sustainable infrastructure. This study evaluated the performance of a waste material-based hybrid asphalt mixture, including palm oil fuel ash (POFA), garnet waste, and sawdust. Numerous physical tests were conducted to examine...

Waste ceramic is produced from different sources and, if not reused, is often disposed of in landfills, contributing to the pressure on landfill capacity and potentially releasing toxins into the surrounding environment as ceramics break down over time. The waste can easily be crushed to the required sizes, which has interested many researchers. It...

Waste ceramic is produced from different sources and, if not reused, is often disposed of in landfills, contributing to the pressure on landfill capacity and potentially releasing toxins into the surrounding environment as ceramics break down over time. The waste can easily be crushed to the required sizes, which has interested many researchers. It...

Over the last few decades, researchers have devoted significant consideration to the use of nanoscale elements in concrete. Silicon dioxide nanoparticles (SDNs) have been a popular subject of study among the several types of nanoparticles. This article describes the findings of a laboratory investigation that examined the properties of ultra-lightw...

Off-site construction (OSC) is globally supported due to its numerous economic benefits. The adoption of automated and digitised systems in a controlled factory environment has helped the construction industry shift from traditional project-based approaches towards production philosophies. Despite the ongoing embrace and development of digital tech...

Previous reviews on the application of lean principles in off-site construction OSC do not offer literature landscape analysis. This study aims to fill this gap by providing a bibliometric analysis on the application of lean principles in OSC. Using VOSviewer, the data of 415 publications from Scopus database published in the last 15 years were ana...

The vast majority of different waste building units have negative environmental impacts around the world. Crushed building units can be recycled and utilized in the concrete industry to solve these problems and maintain natural resources. This study investigated the feasibility of employing crushed autoclaved aerated concrete (CAAC) and crushed cla...

Approximately 3 billion metric tonnes of garbage involving industrial and agricultural waste is expected to be generated by 2030, posing a significant environmental hazard. Notably, recycling or reusing asphalt modification components (palm oil fuel ash (POFA), garnet waste, and sawdust) in pavement construction encounter ongoing challenges. This s...

Composites made from polymers and nanoparticles have promise to be effective solar collectors and thermal energy storage devices due to benefits including improved thermal characteristics and increased structural stability. This study intends to fabricate polyacrylic acid/silicon carbide (PAA−SiC) nanocomposites and examine the optical properties f...

In this study, aluminum lathe waste was used by replacing aggregates in certain proportions in order to obtain expansive concrete using recycled materials. For this reason, five different aluminum wastes of 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5% were selected and also reference without aluminum waste was produced. Based on the mechanical tests conducted, which incl...

Semiflexible pavement (SFP) is considered a composite mixture, as it consists mainly of a porous asphalt mixture with high air voids grouted with highly flowed cementitious grout. Numerous benefits have been attributed to this technology, including exceptional slip resistance, a high static bearing capacity, and rutting resistance. In this study, t...

Nowadays, the application of nanotechnology has gained increased attention in the concrete technology field. Several applications of concrete require light weight; one such concrete used is foamed concrete (FC), which has more voids in the microstructure. In this study, nano-silica (NS) was utilized, which exhibits a pozzolanic nature, and it react...

One of the techniques for cold recycling of asphalt mixes is the application of foam bitumen technology to RAP materials. However, with this method, workability of the recycled asphalt mixes is low which results in their poor compaction characteristics. The application of waste lubricants, such as Waste Cooking Oil (WCO), reduces viscosity of the a...

Approximately 3 billion metric tonnes of garbage involving industrial and agricultural waste is expected to be generated by 2030, posing a significant environmental hazard. Notably, recycling or reusing asphalt modification components (palm oil fuel ash (POFA), garnet waste, and sawdust) in pavement construction encounter ongoing challenges. This s...

In order to determine the ideal degree of inclination that should be employed for constructing effective thermal energy storage systems, it is important to examine the impact of inclination angle on the melting behavior of phase change materials (PCMs) such as paraffin wax within a square cell. In consequence, this would guarantee the greatest capa...

Due to their amazing energy savings, the uniform nature of their operating temperature, and their fairly low cost, phase-change materials (PCMs) offer great potential to be employed for managing the mismatch between the energy supply and demand. The crucial challenge in the design of functional PCM systems remains the proper selection of thermal en...

Lean manufacturing principles are being increasingly employed in off-site construction (OSC) with the primary objective of reducing waste and improving production efficiency. This is performed using several tools and technologies largely influenced by the concept of Industry 4.0 (I4.0) that sets fundamental design principles for technological devel...

Cold mix asphalt (CMA) is emerging as an environmentally friendly alternative to traditional hot mix asphalt (HMA). It offers advantages such as lower costs, reduced energy demands, decreased environmental impacts, and improved safety aspects. Among the various types of CMA, the cold bitumen emulsion mixture (CBEM) stands out. The CBEM involves dil...

Numerous heating and cooling design methods, including energy storage, geothermal resources, heaters, solar collectors, underground water movement, lakes, and nuclear reactors, require the study of flow regimes in a cavity and their impact on thermal efficiency in heat transportation. Despite the existence of several review studies in the open lite...

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in cold asphalt emulsion mixture (CAEM) due to its numerous advantages, including reduced CO 2 emissions, energy savings, and improved safety during construction and application. However, CAEM has often been considered inferior to hot mix asphalt (HMA) in terms of performance. To address this issue...

Asphalt is widely employed in road construction due to its durability and ability to withstand heavy traffic. However, the disposal of waste polymers has emerged as a significant environmental concern. Recently, researchers have used polymer waste to modify asphalt pavements as a new approach. This approach aims to improve pavement performance and...

Evapotranspiration (ETo) is one of the most important processes in the hydrologic cycle, with specific application to sustainable water resource management. As such, this study aims to evaluate the predictive ability of a novel method for monthly ETo estimation, using a hybrid model comprising data pre-processing and an artificial neural network (A...

This study investigates the potential of two bitumen modifiers, high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and nano clay (NC), to enhance the rutting resistance of asphalt mixture. Four HDPE asphalt binders were prepared by mixing the HDPE at percentages of 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8% with the virgin binder, while four NC asphalt binders were produced by mixing the N...

This paper aims to study the effect of circular Y-shaped fin arrangement to improve the low thermal response rates of a double-tube heat exchanger containing Paraffin phase change material (PCM). ANSYS software is employed to perform the computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations of the heat exchanger, including fluid flow, heat transfer, and th...

Researchers have shown significant interest in the incorporation of nanoscale components into concrete, primarily driven by the unique properties exhibited by these nanoelements. A nanoparticle comprises numerous atoms arranged in a cluster ranging from 10 nm to 100 nm in size. The brittleness of foamed concrete (FC) can be effectively mitigated by...

Most concrete employs organic phase change materials (PCMs), although there are different types available for more specialised use. Organic PCMs are the material of choice for concrete due to their greater heat of fusion and lower cost in comparison to other PCMs. Phase transition materials are an example of latent heat storage materials (LHSMs) th...

Cold thermal energy storage (CTES) based on phase change materials (PCMs) has shown great promise in numerous energy-related applications. Due to its high energy storage density, CTES is able to balance the existing energy supply and demand imbalance. Given the rapidly growing demand for cold energy, the storage of hot and cold energy is emerging a...

When it comes to guaranteeing appropriate performance for buildings in terms of energy efficiency, the building envelope is a crucial component that must be presented. When a substance goes through a phase transition and either gives out or absorbs an amount of energy to provide useful heat or cooling, it is called a phase-change material, or PCM f...

This paper examines the extent to which using spray preservation technology seals trench reinstatements to reduce hydraulic conductivity and extend the life of the repaired area firstly on both the reinstatement installation constructed from conventional Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) and secondly on a new novel reinstatement installation material made from...

With the rapid development of machine learning (ML) models, the artifcial neural network (ANN) is being increasingly applied for forecasting hydrological processes. However, researchers have not treated hybrid ML models in much detail. To address these issues, this study herein suggests a novel methodology to forecast the monthly water level (WL) b...

Researchers have been driven to investigate sustainable alternatives to cement production, such as geopolymers, due to the impact of global warming and climate change resulting from greenhouse gas emissions. Currently, they are exploring different methods and waste materials to enhance the mechanical and physical properties of geopolymer and expand...

The efficient utilization of solar energy technology is significantly enhanced by the application of energy storage, which plays an essential role. Nowadays, a wide variety of applications deal with energy storage. Due to the intermittent nature of solar radiation, phase change materials are excellent options for use in several types of solar energ...

The bitumen properties directly correlate to great resistance to temperature and traffic load, which represent the main criteria for prolonging the life of a pavement. Waste materials are taken into consideration as possible candidates for expanding pavement lifespan in order to comply with those performance standards. Consequently, to meet the pre...

The use of foamed concrete (FC) in the construction sector has been rapidly growing over the past few years as a result of the several advantages it possesses in comparison to traditional high-strength concrete. FC, on the other hand, suffers from a number of deficiencies, such as brittleness, limited ductility, high porosity, excessive drying shri...

Scientists have effectively demonstrated that the introduction of a waste product comprising cementitious chemical compositions can enhance the mechanical properties and durability of cold bitumen emulsion mixes (CBEMs). On the other hand, the high air void content of the CBEM mix remains a challenge that is considered unsatisfactory by paving engi...

Certain disadvantages could have appeared while using hot mix asphalt (HMA), such as the release of unhealthy gases into the environment (environmental issues), difficulty in sustaining the temperature over long distances (logistical issues), and consuming a sufficient amount of energy while preparing and laying down (practical and economic issues)...

In this study, PET plastic waste, which is a type of polymer commonly used in the manufacture of plastic bottles, has been incorporated into concrete by partially replacing the natural fine aggregate. An experimental study was conducted by casting and testing 90 concrete cylinders and 54 concrete cubes. A concrete mixture was designed in which the...

Due to its significant deficiencies such as low permeability, low bearing and shear strength, and excessive compressibility, soft soil is one of the most problematic types of soil in civil engineering and soil stabilization can be considered a suitable technique for pavements. This study investigates the use of ground granulated blast slag (GGBS) a...

This paper aims to explore the current state of the art and potential of 3D concrete printing and its use in large-scale applications. The study analysed 373 academic research, all of which were obtained from the Scopus database. The review conducted on some crucial issues on development of 3D concrete that included materials and their desirable pr...

This study numerically intends to evaluate the effects of arc-shaped fins on the melting capability of a triplex-tube confinement system filled with phase-change materials (PCMs). In contrast to situations with no fins, where PCM exhibits relatively poor heat response, in this study, the thermal performance is modified using novel arc-shaped fins w...

The environmental concerns of global warming and energy consumption are among the most severe issues and challenges facing human beings worldwide. Due to the relatively higher predicted temperatures (150-180 °C), the latest research on pavement energy consumption and carbon dioxide (CO2) emission assessment mentioned contributing to higher environm...

The influence of styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) or low-density polyethylene (LDPE) polymers on the characteristics of local asphalt binder was analyzed to characterize the rheological properties. The results indicated that the SBR or LDPE increased the softening point. The softening point was enhanced by around 35% when 9% of SBR was used in compar...

Due to the low thermal conductivity of the phase change material and low thermal diffusion inside the phase change material, this study seeks to improve the melting response of a triple‐tube latent heat storage system via employing annular fins by optimizing their structural parameters, including the fin number, location, and dimensions. Natural co...