Anita Bhatnagar

• Doctor of Philosophy
• Professor at Kurukshetra University

Sewage water contamination is a significant health risk factor that affects plant development, aquatic environment, and human life quality. Among different mitigation strategies, bioremediation is thought to be the most sustainable and cost-effective. Thus, the current study aimed at finding new bacteria with a high potential for reducing sewage wa...

The current study is to determine the appropriateness of groundwater in the Kurukshetra district of Haryana, India for drinking and irrigation. Groundwater samples were collected from selected five sites from Kurukshetra, in 2022 at fortnightly intervals. The findings were compared with Standards and the water quality index was calculated. It was u...

Estimation of digestive enzyme activity, isolation and enumeration of aerobic microbial flora from the gastrointestinal tract of five brackishwater fish species (Mugil cephalus, Liza macrolepis, Mugil Lade, Chanos chanos, Lates calcarifer and Oreochromis mossambicus) of different feeding habits were carried out. The herbivorous (M. cephalus, C. cha...

Regular monitoring of water quality of surface waters is essential for the sustainable management of human health. The present investigations looked at the physico-chemical and bacteriological analyses of surface water from five different locations in Kurukshetra district, Haryana (India). Water samples obtained from selected monitoring sites (S1–S...

An effective alternative approach to combat aquaculture challenges is the strategic application of bioresources, which not only mitigate disease ailment but also optimize fish growth. Hence, current research was undertaken to highlight the synergic role of bioresources such as plant immunostimulant Ocimum sanctum along with potent gut-derived probi...

The present study was performed to isolate and identify antimicrobial bacteria from the skin mucus of Labeo calbasu and assess their effects as water additives alone and in synergism, with dietary probiotic bacteria Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus LC1 isolated from intestinal tracts of L. calbasu on physiology and survival of same fish. Eight trea...

Rice-cum-fish culture is a cost-effective practice for marginal farmers but the major constraint is the indiscriminate use of agrochemicals. Present work was designed to assess the genotoxic effects of rice agrochemicals in Channa punctatus (Experiment 1 CP1 to CP3) and Cyprinus carpio (Experiment 2 CC1 to CC3); using micronucleus, chromosome aberr...

Fish live in an environment that is full of phylogenetically diverse collections of bacterial pathogens. Fish epidermal mucus is regarded as a barrier between fish and infectious microorganisms in their surroundings protecting it against pathogens. The current study aimed to evaluate the biochemical components of skin mucus, mucosal immunity, and t...

The aquaculture is assuming all the more critical situation as the fish production through capture fishery resources is fast declining. Culture fisheries are practiced in fish ponds all over the world. The productivity of these fish ponds largely depends on the abundance of fish food organisms and congenial environmental conditions. Biological exam...

Experiment was conducted to assess the impact of ginger (Zingiber officinale) as a dietary supplement with probiotic bacterium Bacillus coagulans on growth performance, hematological parameters, and non-specific immune parameters in Catla catla. An attempt was also made to investigate their effects on histology and extent of DNA damage against path...

This research was directed to understand the bactericidal effect of epidermal mucus of two Asian cat fish species viz. Clarias batrachus and Heteropneustes fossilis. Epidermal mucus extracts (raw and diluted) of both cat fish species were tested against several Gram negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, A. hydrop...

To resolve the ubiquitous crisis of antibiotic resistance rose due to overuse/misuse of certain drugs and antibiotics against which pathogenic bacteria have developed resistance; there is a need to replace these antibiotics with next-generation antibiotics and Zoo therapy is one of the important measures to attain this goal. In the context of reduc...

In order to develop an economic and eco-friendly aquafeed, we compared the growth performances of three fish feeds supplemented with crystalline amino acids and autochthonous probiotic bacteria for growth-promotion of Labeo calbasu fingerlings. The fingerlings were grouped into four: one control (D1; duckweed Lemna minor) and three dietary suppleme...

Integrating fish and paddy culture may enhance the production with maintaining equitable use of the available land and human resources to ensure global food security. Hence the present study has been carried out to explore the possibility of culture of fish, Channa punctatus in paddy fields with/without supplementary feed. Four treatments (T1: No f...

The gnotobiotic approach utilizing autochthonous probiotics enhance the growth and immunity by fastening to persist in the fish’s gastrointestinal tract. The present work was conducted to examine the adherence and colonization of probiotic, Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus and Stenotrophomonas sp. fed to Labeo calbasu. The juveniles were fed on Die...

The present study was undertaken to assess the role of artificial diet containing probiotic on growth performance and survival rate of aquaculturally important candidate species, Sperata aor (Hamilton, 1822) under laboratory conditions. Three dietary treatments, T1 (live feed Eisenia foetida), T2 (40% plant protein) and T3 (probiotic Bacillus sp.)...

To combat the ever increasing demand of animal protein and to mitigate the problems emerged due to use of antibiotics in aquaculture to treat pathogenic infections and enhance survival, there is an immediate need to search alternatives to antibiotics such as non-pathogenic micro-organisms or probiotics for improving growth and immunity of fish. The...

The present study was conducted to study the probiotic properties, antagonistic effect against pathogenic Aeromonas hydrophila of Bacillus coagulans isolated from intestine of healthy Catla catla Hamilton, 1822; and its optimum dosage for growth promotion and immunostimulation. The isolated B. coagulans from the gastrointestinal tract of C. catla w...

Abstract Two dietary experiments were performed to evaluate the impact of the herb Mentha piperita as a dietary supplement on Catla catla. In Experiment 1, fingerlings (0.45–2.60 g) were fed on diets supplemented with M. piperita at different levels (P1, P2, P3, and P4 at 2, 4, 6, and 8 g Kg−1 of feed) and C1 served as the control with no peppermin...

Labeo calbasu is not reared in aquaculture because of the unavailability of proper feed and the risk of infection. The ability of probiotics to promote growth and immunological defense barriers in the gut has led to the use of autochthonous probiotic bacteria. Hence, the present study was conducted to screen potential probiotic bacteria from the gu...

The commenced investigation was conducted to assess the implication of tryptophan in diets of Catla catla. The fingerlings were fed with two different diets C1 and C2; in diet C1, mineral mixture (A) without L-tryptophan and in diet C2 mineral mixture (B) containing L-tryptophan, in addition to vitamins was used. After 90 days of the feeding trial,...

Studies were conducted to evaluate the antimicrobial potency of skin mucus collected from three carp species; Hypophthalmichthys nobilis, Ctenopharyngodon idella, and Cyprinus carpio (exotic to India) against certain human and fish pathogenic bacterial strains viz. Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus epid...

Amongst the various anthropogenic activities, mass bathing and other religious rituals also affect the water quality of aquatic ecosystem. The present research has been conducted to evaluate the impact of mass bathing and other religious activities on the eight famous religious water bodies of Haryana (Kapalmochan tirth, Kulotarn tirth, Ban-Ganga t...

An experiment was carried out to evaluate the optimum levels of calcium and phosphorus in the diet of mrigal, Cirrhinus mrigala. Ten treatments diets supplemented with additional calcium (Ca) and Phosphorus (P) in ratios 0:0 (C), 5.0:2.5 (D1), 5.0:3.75 (D2), 5.0:5.0 (D3), 7.5:2.5 (D4), 7.5:3.75 (D5), 7.5:5.0 (D6), 10:2 (D7), 10:3.75 (D8), 10:5.0 (D...

Abstract This study was aimed at understanding the enzymatic profile of three major Indian carps in managed and unmanaged polyculture systems in the Hisar district, Haryana India. The three species were catla (Catla calta), rohu (Labeo rohita) and mrigala (Cirrhinus mrigala). Analysis of gut contents of C. mrigala from both the ponds was significan...

Karyological analysis of three carp species viz. Ctenopharyngodon idella, Hypophthalmichthyes molitrix, and Cyprinus carpio communis belonging to family Cyprinidae was carried out. The study samples of these species were collected from local fish farm in Haryana. The diploid chromosome number in C. idella was found to be 2n = 48, with 13 pairs of m...

The aim of the present study was to analyze the impact of sub-lethal toxicity of chlorpyrifos, one of the largest market selling agrochemical on physiological parameters of teleost fish, Cirrhinus mrigala addressing the possible causative involvement in behavioural and locomotion responses. Primarily, the acute toxicity (96h LC50) test was carried...

Cytogenetic survey of fishes becomes increasingly important to establish chromosomal relation between the teleosts, to have a glimpse of the relation between chromosomal evolution and differentiation of vertebrate species. In the present study, Chromosome banding studies was done in three species of carps i.e. Catla catla (Hamilton, 1822), Labeo ro...

An investigation was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation of lysine and methionine, on growth performance and nutrient retention of Labeo calbasu fingerlings. Four experimental duckweed based diets A0 (control, without lysine or methionine supplementation), A1 (lysine), A2 (methionine) and A3 (both lysine and methionine suppl...

Dietary protein is one of the major determinants of fish growth, especially for the carnivorous economically important species like Aorichthys aor (Hamilton), for which lack of proper nutritionally adequate diet is the major constraint. In order to determine protein requirements for optimum growth, four diets with varying protein levels (35-42%) us...

Journal of Experimental Agriculture International 20(6): 1-10, 2018; Article no.JEAI.39077 ISSN: 2457-0591 (Past name: American Journal of Experimental Agriculture, Past ISSN: 2231-0606) Feeding Preferences and Digestive Physiology of Indian Carps in Polyculture Pond System Catla (Catla catla), mrigala (Cirrhinus mrigala) and rohu (Labeo rohita) a...

In vitro nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, survival and nutrient release by Azotobacter strains in an aquatic system

The present communication deal with the identification of probiotic strain isolated from the intestine of Cirrhinus mrigala (Mrigal) on the basis of phylogenetic analysis and nucleotide homology and was found similar to Bacillus cereus strain SL1. The strain was further investigated for its probiotic abilities; acid and bile tolerance, autoaggregat...

Pesticide pollution in aquatic ecosystems is an environmental issue throughout the world. Chlorpyrifos is the most widely used organophosphate pesticide against pests in agricultural farms, orchards of fruit trees and household purposes. Herein, we investigated the impact of sublethal toxicity of this organophosphate on some haematological and bioc...

Managed and unmanaged (unmanaged) extensive culture fisheries systems in small village ponds in the district of Kurukshetra, Haryana, India were explored and analyzed focusing on the relationship amongst water quality, production of fish food organisms, fish yields and management actions. In unmanaged ponds, fish growth/yield and dissolved oxygen w...

A 84-days experiment was conducted to observe the effects of different feeds rich with various types of fats on selected biochemical parameters of Channa striatus grow-outs. There were seven treatments (F1, L3HUF; F2, H3HUF; F3, MUSOL; F4, LINOL; F5, MIXOL; F6, SATOL and F7, NATFO), fed to fish (avg. wt., 27.36 ± 0.09 to 32.54 ± 0.41 g). Results sh...

The present study on fish biodiversity of Haryana state was carried out during 2011 to 2014. A total number of 59 fish species inhabits the freshwaters of this state. Maximum number of fish species belonged to the order Cypriniformes (35) followed by the order Siluriformes (12) and Perciformes (8). The orders Beloniformes,Clupeiformes, Osteoglossif...

The present study was designed to assess the impact of mass bathing and religious activities on water quality index (WQI) of prominent water bodies (eight) in Haryana, India. Water quality characteristics revealed significant increase in the values of nitrate, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), turbidity, total dissolved solids (TDS), conductivity, t...

The genotoxicity of pesticides is an issue of worldwide concern and chlorpyrifos is one of the largest selling organophosphate agrochemicals that has been widely detected in surface waters of India. The studies on long term genotoxic biomarkers are limited; therefore, present study was carried out to analyze the incidence of nuclear anomalies in th...

The present studies were conducted to isolate, select, identify and characterize gut bacteria as antimicrobial and growth promoting agent for the feed of economically important fish Cirrhinus mrigala. Intestinal microflora were isolated, counted, and identified, and their in vitro antibacterial properties were determined. The results have revealed...

The rotifer communities of eight religious water bodies of Haryana characterized by different trophic status reveal 44 species belonging to 15 genera and 12 families, represent the richest biodiversity of rotifers. Brachionus, Asplanchna and Keratella genus were found to be pollution tolerant species and common at all the selected water bodies viz....

A study on sediment chemistry and water quality index of river Yamuna was conducted to understand the overall quality of river. Three sampling stations were selected: Station Y1 at the upstream of the river before the influx of effluents, Station Y2 at the point of influx and Station Y3 at 5 kilometres downstream from station Y2. The results showed...

ABSTRACT Different fats in the diets were used to examine their impact on the ovarian tissues of striped murrel (Channa striatus). The juveniles of the test fish were acclimatized on the diet prepared from the same feed ingredients as that of experimental diets excepting different fat sources used in the experiment. The fishes were subsequently fed...

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of Azotobacter chroococcum (nitrogen fixer strain, Mac-27 and high temperature tolerant strain, HT-51), Pseudomonas (Phosphate solubliser strain PS-21) and Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus (high salinity tolerant strain 35-47) on nutrient status, plankton production and fish biomass in inland sa...

Captive breeding of striped murrel, Channa striatus was carried out by synthetic salmon gonadotropin releasing hormone (sGnRH), ovaprim in three sets of experiments to observe its breeding performance. In the first experiment (A), the fish was induced with ovaprim and kept in FRP tanks in the indoor conditions. In the second experiment, equal numbe...

The present paper deals with the studies to isolate and identify the potential gutadherent probiotic bacterium from the gut of Catla catla and to evaluate the effect ofsupplementation of that probiotic bacterium on growth performance and nutrientretention of experimental fish. The results have revealed that the occurrence of gramnegative rods was a...

A 84-days-long experiment was conducted with a view to observe the effects of different feeds on growth and survival of Channa striatus grow-outs to develop a rearing technique for promoting its aquaculture. There were seven treatments (L3HUF, H3HUF, MUSOL, LINOL, MIXOL, SATOL and NATFO), each having two replications, stocked with 20 grow-out havin...

ABSTRACT: In the present study the Weight – Length relationships (WLR) are described for the three stages of life of the Snakehead, Saul, Channa striatus, collected from the districts of Barabanki, Lucknow and Unnao in Uttar Pradesh in 2008-09. Method used for analysis of fisheries data on the WLR is (W=aLb) and this study reports the parameters ‘a...

Two experiments were conducted to study the effect of methionine- and lysine-supplemented raw and hydrothermically processed full-fat soybean as a dietary protein source on growth performance, digestibility, and digestive enzyme activity in grey mullet, Mugil cephalus (mean BW 0.55 g), and milkfish, Chanos chanos (mean BW 3.83 g). Eight isocaloric...

A 84-day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the utilization impact of dietary omega–3 HUFA as a dietary energy source by fingerlings of striped murrel, Channa striatus on the growth study and tissue composition. There were seven treatments (L3HUF, H3HUF, MUSOL, LINOL, MIXOL, SATOL and NATFO), each having two replicates, stocked with 100 finger...

Present communication deals with the study of four village fish culture ponds (two wild and two managed ponds) from district Hisar of Haryana, India was undertaken, to correlate the water quality and biological cycles in ponds with fish production. Studies have revealed that the ponds are in good trophic status. Chlorides, total hardness, calcium,...

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the toxic effects of butachlor, a widely used herbicide on Indian major carp C. mrigala in terms of micronucleus assay and growth performance. Fish were exposed to 1.0 ppm, a sublethal concentration of butachlor and micronucleus assay was carried out after 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. Peripheral blood was collec...

The present paper deals with the monthly variations of physico-chemical characteristics of western Yamuna canal water, Yamunanagar which is polluted with industrial effluents and domestic sewage. Three sampling points i.e. station-1: Upstream of the river; station-2: Point of influx of industrial effluents and domestic sewage; Station-3: About 6 km...

One of the sacred water tank Brahmsarovar, at Kurukshetra in India was studied to assess the impact of mass bathing during new moon day (called as Amavasya in India) in terms of physico-chemical and biological characteristics. Overall water quality index was calculated using online calculator. Results have revealed significant (P<0.05) increase in...

The present study attempts to assess the potential of periphyton vis-a-vis supplementary feeding on growth performance of pearlspot, Etroplus suratensis (mean weight 0.28g) grown in inland saline groundwater ponds for 90 days. Three treatments (1-3) each in replicate of two were maintained. In treatment 1 (Substrate ponds) bamboo poles as substrate...

The effects of four different doses of organic (cowdung) and inorganic fertilizers (single super phosphate: SSP) in combination were studied on plankton production, species diversity and fish biomass in saline and freshwater fish ponds. Physico-chemical factors of pond waters were also monitored. Alkalinity and nutrients increased with increase in...

Growth performance of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, and pearlspot, Etroplus suratensis, under polyculture was studied in inland saline groundwater ponds. Three treatments (1–3) each in replicate of two were maintained: In Treatment 1 (substrate ponds), bamboo poles as additional substrate were provided for the development of periphyton, whil...

Milkfish, Chanos chanosfingerlings were cultured in inland saline groundwater ponds. Bamboo poles as additional substrate were used to increase the surface area of the ponds (Treated ponds). Controls, without the provision of additional substrate, were also maintained. After a culture period of 60 days, significantly (P < 0.05) higher growth was ob...

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of inland water salinity on growth performance, feed conversion efficiency and intestinal enzyme activity in grey mullet. In experiment I, a 90day monoculture of grey mullet at different salinity levels (0, 10, 15, 20 and 25%) was carried out. The fingerlings were stocked at 5000 per hectare...

The purpose of this study was to determine optimum protein levels required for Indian major carp fry (mean body weight 1.95 g). Fry were stocked @ 10 million ha-1 in nursery ponds and fed on one of the five formulated diets (protein content ranged between 33-45%) over a period of 40 days. Growth and specific growth rate (SGR) values remained low wh...

Five isonitrogenous diets (1-5) with 40% protein using oilcakes as protein sources were formulated and fed to Cirrhinus mrigala fingerlings maintained both under laboratory and field conditions. Water soaking of oilcakes for 24 h before incorporation in the diets helped in the reduction of antinutrient factors (phytase and tannins). Live weight gai...

To study the effect of four different raw and hydrothermically processed leguminous seeds, namely Glycine max (soybean), Vigna radiata (moong), Vigna ungiculata (cowpea) and Cyamopsis tetragonaloba (guar) on growth in the fingerlings of Cirrhinus mrigala (mrigal) and Labeo rohita (rohu), two experiments were conducted. The first experiment was cond...

The effects of five (5 000, 10 000, 15 000, 20 000, 24 000 kg ha−1 year−1) different doses of organic fertilizer (cow dung) were studied on pond productivity in terms of plankton production and fish biomass in freshwater fish ponds. The grow out period was 60 days. Physico-chemical factors of pond waters were also monitored. With an increase in the...

Four experiments were conducted in order to determine the optimum dosageof Azotobacter chroococcum vis-a-vis organic fertilizer(cow-dung) required for optimum pond productivity. Hydrobiological parameters ofpond water, Azotobacter survival (viable counts), netprimary productivity (NPP) and fish growth were monitored. Studies have revealedthat irres...

Four different fertilization frequencies, namely twice per week, once per week, twice a month and once a month, were used in ponds to assess their effects on nutrient release, pond productivity and fish biomass. All ponds received the same total fertilizer inputs during the experimental period of 60 days (cow dung 208.3 kg ha−1 week−1, TSP 9.8 kg h...

In vitro nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, survival and nutrient release by the three strains of Azotobacter (Mac-27, nitrogen fixer; PS-21, phosphate solubilizer and MSX-9, a phytohormone producer) in an aquatic system using three different organic substrates (cow-dung, piggery and poultry waste/excreta) were studied. It was shown that...

Role of plant protein in sustainable aquaculture (Eds. Ponniah, A.G., Lal, K.K. and Basheer, V.S.) NBFGR-NATP Publi-cation No. 3, C 38 : 1-2

Fish culture ponds stocked with common carp at 10000 ha-1 and fertilized with cowdung at 10000 kg ha-1 yr-1 were inoculated with Azospirillium and three mutants of Azotobacter choococcum (HAE, PS-21 and Mac-27) singly and also in co-culture (with three mutants of Azotobacter + Azospirillum). Hydrobiological parameters of pond waters, net primary pr...

Two strains (derepressed-nitrogen fixing, Mac-27 and phosphate solubilizing, PS-21) of Azotobacter chroococcum were inoculated in fish culture ponds, singly and in combination with inorganic fertilizers (urea, single superphosphate–SSP). Physico-chemical parameters of pond waters, plankton production and fish biomass were studied. Inoculation of A....

An assessment of water quality of the river Chambal and its tributaries passing near the Kota industrial complex and subjected to sewage and industrial pollution has been made in relation to zooplankton, based on the analysis of seasonal samples for two years. Thirty one genera of zooplankton have been identified and analysed for seasonal and inter...

The community structure of zooplankton was studied in relation to physico-chemical characteristics of the river Chambal polluted by industrial effluents and domestic sewage near Nagda. Thirtytwo species of zooplankton of five main groups, viz. Protozoa, Rotifera, Cladocera, Copepoda and Ostracoda were observed at pre-pollution sampling stations. Th...

Fish collected from the Chambal River near Kota exhibited maximum growth, followed by fish from the Chambal near Nagda, then the Kshipra and the Khan rivers. -from Authors

This paper presents an assessment of water quality of the River Khan, which passes through Indore and is subjected to sewage and industrial pollution. The analysis of various pollution parameters showed an increase when the sewage and industrial channels joined the river. Changes in the biotic communities, such as phytoplankton, zooplankton and mac...

Keratella, Branchionus, Filinia, Daphnia, Cyclops and Cypridopsis were tolerant to different physico-chemical conditions. The diversity index was minimum (1.0-2.7) at highly polluted station and maximum (3.1-4.9) at the least polluted station. -from Authors