Anisa J N JafarThe University of Manchester · Humanitarian and Conflict Response Institute (HCRI)
Anisa J N Jafar
MBChB(e) DTM&H MRCP MRCEM MPH PhD
About
73
Publications
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2,481
Citations
Citations since 2017
Introduction
Additional affiliations
March 2020 - present
September 2016 - September 2019
September 2016 - April 2020
Publications
Publications (73)
Medical records are a tenet of good medical practice and provide one method of communicating individual follow-up arrangements, informing research data, and documenting medical intervention.
The objective of this review was to look at one source (the published literature) of medical records used by foreign medical teams (FMTs) in sudden onset disas...
Objective:
We aimed to compare the performance of a widely used physiological score [Modified Early Warning Score (MEWS)] and a novel metabolic score (derived from a blood gas) in predicting outcome in emergency department patients.
Design, setting and participants:
We carried out a prospective observational study using a convenience sample of 2...
Bone marrow suppression is a well-recognized toxicity of the treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV). Reduction of the peginterferon dose because of neutropenia is common in clinical practice. However, reduction of peginterferon dose during the first weeks of HCV treatment is associated with failure to achieve sustained virological response.
The objec...
Genotype 2/3 hepatitis C virus (HCV) has a good response to treatment with peginterferon and ribavirin. Patients with psychiatric disorders and injecting drug users (IDUs) are considered 'difficult to treat' and are often excluded from treatment despite the lack of evidence supporting this decision.
To investigate the outcome and factors associated...
This month’s update is from the Emergency Medicine team in Cambridge. We used a multimodal search strategy, drawing on free open-access medical education resources and literature searches. We identified the five most interesting and relevant papers (decided by consensus) and highlight the main findings, key limitations and clinical bottom line for...
Background: In the United Kingdom (UK), academic clinical fellowships (ACFs) offer a structured opportunity for trainees to develop skills and experience in research alongside clinical training. We aimed to capture information on the prior experience of emergency medicine (EM) fellows, as well as how the ACFs were structured and the next career ste...
Background
We aimed to evaluate the use of baricitinib, a Janus kinase (JAK) 1–2 inhibitor, for the treatment of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19.
Methods
This randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial (Randomised Evaluation of COVID-19 Therapy [RECOVERY]), is assessing multiple possible treatments in patients hospitalised with...
Introduction
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains one of the leading causes of preventable death in Europe, therefore any opportunity to intervene and improve care should be maximised. Known CVD risk factors are routinely collected in the emergency department (ED), yet they are often not acted on. If the risk factors have prognostic value and a pat...
Aims/Objectives/Background
There is broad involvement of emergency medicine (EM) practitioners in global EM (GEM) research. However this work is often siloed, reducing efficiency of collaboration and impeding healthy critical appraisal. The purpose of this novel longitudinal study is to identify the GEM research undertaken by those in EM. Quantifyi...
Background
Casirivimab and imdevimab are non-competing monoclonal antibodies that bind to two different sites on the receptor binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein, blocking viral entry into host cells. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of casirivimab and imdevimab administered in combination in patients admitted to hospit...
Compared with other mental health conditions or psychiatric presentations, such as self-harm, which may be seen in emergency departments, eating disorders can seem relatively rare. However, they have the highest mortality across the spectrum of mental health, with high rates of medical complications and risk, ranging from hypoglycaemia and electrol...
Background
Aspirin has been proposed as a treatment for COVID-19 on the basis of its anti-thrombotic properties. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of aspirin in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19.
Methods
In this randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial, several possible treatments were compared with usual care in pa...
![Data validation procedures adapted from Weiskopf et al [24]](publication/355133959/figure/tbl1/AS:1076848339496961@1633752059047/Data-validation-procedures-adapted-from-Weiskopf-et-al-24_Q320.jpg)
Background
Patients presenting with chest pain represent a large proportion of attendances to emergency departments. In these patients clinicians often consider the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), the timely recognition and treatment of which is clinically important. Clinical prediction models (CPMs) have been used to enhance early...
Purpose of the study
SARS-CoV-2 has caused healthcare systems globally to reorganise. A pandemic paradox emerged; while clinicians were desperate for information on a new disease, they had less time to find and evaluate the vast volume of publications at times of significant strain on healthcare systems.
A multidisciplinary team undertook a weekly...
Background
Many patients with COVID-19 have been treated with plasma containing anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. We aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of convalescent plasma therapy in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19.
Methods
This randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial (Randomised Evaluation of COVID-19 Therapy [RECOVER...
Background: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of tocilizumab in adult patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 with both hypoxia and systemic inflammation.
Methods: This randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial (Randomised Evaluation of COVID-19 Therapy [RECOVERY]), is assessing several possible treatments in patients ho...
Background
Azithromycin has been proposed as a treatment for COVID-19 on the basis of its immunomodulatory actions. We aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of azithromycin in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19.
Methods
In this randomised, controlled, open-label, adaptive platform trial (Randomised Evaluation of COVID-19 Therapy [RECO...
The scale of attacks on healthcare in emergencies has become better understood through data collection. But less well un\derstood are the consequences of attacks. The purpose of this study was to establish what information could improve our understanding of the impacts of attacks on healthcare. Using the three-round Delphi method, we sought consens...
Objectives
The UK EMT is committed to driving forward the World Health Organisation's (WHO) standards for emergency medical team (EMT) response to sudden onset disasters. Specifically UK EMT have worked on the documentation standards and have designated exercises to focus on this aspect of emergency response.
Methods
Following previous testing and...
Background
In 2017, the WHO produced its first minimum data set (MDS) for emergency medical team (EMT) daily reporting during the sudden-onset disasters (SODs), following expert consensus. The MDS was deliberately designed to be simple in order to improve the rate of data capture; however, it is new and untested. This study assesses the inter-rater...
Medical and epidemiological documentation in disasters is pivotal: the former for recording patient care and the latter for providing real-time information to the host country. Furthermore, documentation informs post-hoc analysis to improve the effectiveness of future deployments. Although documentation is considered important and indeed integral t...
This chapter on cardiology contains 16 clinical Short Answer Questions (SAQs) with explanations and sources for further reading. Possible causes and accompanying symptoms of heart problems that may present in the emergency department include acute coronary syndromes, atrial fibrillation, palpitations, bradycardia, chest pain, dyspnoea, and syncope....
This chapter on urology contains nine clinical Short Answer Questions (SAQs) with explanations and sources for further reading. Possible disorders and accompanying symptoms of urological origin that may present in the emergency department include haematuria, ureteric stones, acute urinary retention, acute kidney injury, and priapism. It will be up...
This chapter on gastroenterology contains seven clinical Short Answer Questions (SAQs) with explanations and sources for further reading. Possible disorders and accompanying symptoms of gastrointestinal origin that may present in the emergency department include hepatitis A, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, acute pancreatitis, ulcerative colitis,...
This chapter on the care of older people contains five clinical Short Answer Questions (SAQs) with explanations and resources for further reading. Conditions such as delirium, falls, reduced mobility, elder abuse, and pressure ulcers can all result in a trip to the emergency department for those who are elderly, and it will be up to the emergency d...
This chapter on general opthalmology contains 12 clinical Short Answer Questions (SAQs) with explanations and sources for further reading. Possible disorders and accompanying symptoms of ophthalmologicall origin that may present in the emergency department include intraocular foreign bodies, glaucoma, Horner’s syndrome, vitreous haemorrhage, and or...
This chapter environmental/toxicology contains 19 clinical Short Answer Questions (SAQs) with explanations and sources for further reading. Possible disorders and accompanying symptoms of environmental or toxic origin that may present in the emergency department include poisoning, serotonin syndrome, burns, drug overdose, heat stroke, and alcohol w...
This chapter on endocrinology contains six clinical Short Answer Questions (SAQs) with explanations and sources for further reading. Possible disorders and accompanying symptoms of endocrine origin that may present in the emergency department include hypoglycaemia, diabetic ketoacidosis, and thyroid storm, among others. It will be up to the emergen...
This chapter on trauma contains ten clinical Short Answer Questions (SAQs) with explanations and sources for further reading. Possible presentations and accompanying factors relating to trauma that may present in the emergency department include major trauma, head injuries, fractures, burns, and smoke inhalation. It will be up to the emergency doct...
This chapter on musculoskeletal disorders contains 15 clinical Short Answer Questions (SAQs) with explanations and sources for further reading. Possible disorders and accompanying symptoms of musculoskeletal origin that may present in the emergency department include back pain, septic arthritis, fractures, joint dislocations, and chest injuries, am...
This chapter on neurology and psychiatry contains 17 clinical Short Answer Questions (SAQs) with explanations and sources for further reading. Possible disorders and accompanying symptoms of neurological or psychological origin that may present in the emergency department include stroke, seizures, transient ischaemic attacks, and herpes zoster opht...
This chapter on vascular emergencies contains eight clinical Short Answer Questions (SAQs) with explanations and sources for further reading. Possible disorders and accompanying symptoms of vascular origin that may present in the emergency department include pulmonary embolism, aortic dissection, ischaemia of the lower limbs, and arterial injury, a...
This chapter on metabolic emergencies contains seven clinical Short Answer Questions (SAQs) with explanations and sources for further reading. Possible disorders and accompanying symptoms of altered metabolism that may present in the emergency department include hypokalaemia, acute kidney injury, anion gap, and exercise-induced hyponatraemia, among...
This chapter on dermatology contains six clinical Short Answer Questions (SAQs) with explanations and sources for further reading. Rashes (which may be itchy or painful, or both), swelling of the lips (e.g. angioedema), cellulitis of the lower limb, and erythroderma may be indicative of potentially serious conditions, and it will be up to the emerg...
This chapter on maxillofacial emergency contains five clinical Short Answer Questions (SAQs) with explanations and sources for further reading. Possible emergencies of maxillofacial origin that may present in the emergency department include fractured mandible, orbital fracture, and parotid trauma, among many others. It will be up to the emergency...
This chapter on respiratory medicine contains 12 clinical Short Answer Questions (SAQs) with explanations and sources for further reading. Possible disorders and their accompanying symptoms of respiratory origin that may present in the emergency department include asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pneumonia, and massive haemoptysis. It...
This chapter on paediatrics contains 17 clinical Short Answer Questions (SAQs) with explanations and sources for further reading. Possible disorders and accompanying symptoms arising in paediatric patients who may present in the emergency department include croup, gastroenteritis, seizure, chicken pox, and type 1 diabetes mellitus among others. It...
This chapter on obstetrics and gynaecology contains 13 clinical Short Answer Questions (SAQs) with explanations and sources for further reading. Possible disorders and accompanying symptoms of gynaecological origin that may present in the emergency department include ectopic pregnancy, pelvic inflammatory disease, and ovarian hyperstimulation syndr...
This chapter on haematology contains seven clinical Short Answer Questions (SAQs) with explanations and sources for further reading. Possible disorders and accompanying symptoms of haematological origin that may present in the emergency department include Henoch–Schönlein purpura, immune thrombocytopenia, sickle cell crisis, and haemolytic transfus...
Clinical SAQs for the Final FRCEM contains over 200 Short Answer Questions mapped to the Royal College of Emergency Medicine curriculum. Designed specifically to reflect the examination format, each question is supported by a detailed model answer, acting as both a high yield revision guide and as a template for answering similar questions on exam...
This chapter on abdominal surgery contains eight clinical Short Answer Questions (SAQs) with explanations and sources for further reading. Possible causes and accompanying symptoms of abdominal pain that may present in the emergency department include appendicitis, cholecystitis, cholangitis, ingested foreign body, rectal bleeding, gastric or sigmo...
This chapter on critical care including anaesthesia contains five clinical Short Answer Questions (SAQs) with explanations and sources for further reading. Whether local or general, anaesthetics are used in a huge number of hospital procedures, and which type is best for the patient can depend on many different factors. Rapid sequence induction and...
This chapter on ear, nose, and throat (ENT) surgery contains seven clinical Short Answer Questions (SAQs) with explanations and sources for further reading. Possible disorders and accompanying symptoms of ENT origin that may present in the emergency department include epistaxis, vertigo, peritonsillar abscess, nasal fracture, foreign bodies, and ot...
This chapter on infectious diseases contains 16 clinical Short Answer Questions (SAQs) with explanations and sources for further reading. Possible disorders and accompanying symptoms of infectious origin that may present in the emergency department include acute epiglottitis, meningitis, Ebola virus, meningococcal septicaemia, and pneumonia, among...
Medical documentation poses many challenges in acute emergencies. Time and again, the reflection of those who manage healthcare during a ‘disaster’ involves some reference to poor, inadequate or even absent documentation. The reasons for this are manifold, some of which, it is often argued, would be negated by using technological solutions. Smartph...
This study investigates clinical practitioners’ use of medical documentation during sudden-onset disasters in order to better understand how we can improve practice. Thirteen participants, representing nine nationalities and six clinical disciplines (with the collective working experience of at least 15 different organisations providing disaster re...
Attacks on health care in conflict zones are widespread and show no signs of relenting. Since 2011 several organizations have systemically collected data of these attacks and revealed their scale. However, little is known of the consequences of these attacks. The purpose of this scoping review was to explore the literature on attacks on health care...
Introduction
Improving medical record keeping is a key part of the World Health Organization’s (WHO’s; Geneva, Switzerland) drive to standardize and evaluate emergency medical team (EMT) response to sudden onset disasters (SODs).
Problem
In response to the WHO initiative, the UK EMT is redeveloping its medical record template in line with the WHO...
Although we are increasingly reaping the benefits of qualitative studies, their approach and that of quantitative studies remain rather separate. Emergency medicine practitioners thrive off research in context as we deal with such an undifferentiated population however quantitative ‘hard-science’ work is conspicuous for its absence of positionality...
Background: It is well known that overall medical records are poorly kept during sudden onset disasters (SODs). The practice of different emergency medical teams (EMTs) varies widely across the globe. The WHO are seeking, amongst other standards, to improve the quality of medical record keeping in this context. Aim: The aim of this study is to try...
Background: The WHO has, for some time, been working to standardize and professionalise in the humanitarian field. One branch of this work has been to develop a minimum data set for daily reporting of Emergency Medical Team (EMT) activity during Sudden Onset Disasters (SODs). This minimum data set is under final development following expert stakeho...
Study/Objective
The WHO has, for some time, been working to standardize and professionals in the humanitarian field. One branch of this work has been to develop a minimum data set for daily reporting of Emergency Medical Team (EMT) activity during Sudden Onset Disasters (SODs). This minimum data set is under final development following expert stake...
Study/Objective
Analyzing and optimizing the response to a disaster is made very difficult by the use of unstructured data captured on paper. Such data is difficult to aggregate and analyze in a consistent and meaningful manner – both in real-time for management and clinical quality assurance, and afterwards for comparative analysis and ‘whole syst...
Study/Objective
Electronic patient records are in widespread use in high-income countries. The factors that make electronic records useful in everyday practice are magnified in a disaster response, particularly the ability to: ∙ minimize poor/absent data due to paper management and handwriting; ∙ identify patients consistently eg, using barcodes; ∙...
We thank the authors Challen and Roland for their review (1) which highlights a very important issue faced daily in our Emergency Departments.
The use of, and more importantly, reliance on the Early Warning Score (EWS) carries risk as up to 1:3 patients admitted to ICU from ED will not score highly on the EWS (2). Clinician opinion may prove a sup...
Background : Cardiac performance is predictive of mortality in a wide range of conditions. We set out to study whether cardiac index
predicts outcome in emergency department (ED) patients.
Methods: We performed a prospective observational study using a convenience sample of 58 patients presenting to the
resuscitation area of an inner-city teaching...
Upper gastrointestinal (GI) haemorrhage is a common cause for admission to hospital and is associated with a mortality of around 10%. Prompt assessment and resuscitation are vital, as are risk stratification of the severity of bleeding, early involvement of the multidisciplinary team and timely access to endoscopy, preferably within 24 h. The major...
Predicting clinical outcome 48 hours after leaving the ED using the C.O.L.L.E.C.T. (Cardiac Output-Lactate Linked Emergency Care Tool)
A 2 year review of the development of a TB outreach service in Tower Hamlets
Current intravenous drug users have lower rates of clearance of Hepatitis C in a hospital based clinic
Projects
Project (1)
The project is designed to contribute to building capacity of EMTs with a focus on teams in China interested in deployment internationally to the required standards of the WHO Global EMT initiative and classification system. The inititiative has two inter-related projects: a) Curriculum and Training Development for EMTs with reference to WHO Global EMT initiative, Classification and Standards; b) development of a minimum data-set for medical record-keeping by EMT in SODs.
