Aniruddha Chandra

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• PhD
• Professor (Associate) at National Institute of Technology Durgapur

Long/short-term memory (LSTM) is a deep learning model that can capture long-term dependencies of wireless channel models and is highly adaptable to short-term changes in a wireless environment. This paper proposes a simple LSTM model to predict the channel transfer function (CTF) for a given transmitter-receiver location inside a bus for the 60 GH...

The spatial statistics of radio wave propagation in specific environments and scenarios, as well as being able to recognize important signal components, are prerequisites for dependable connectivity. There are several reasons why in-vehicle communication is unique, including safety considerations and vehicle-to-vehicle/infrastructure communication....

Fifth generation (5G) new radio is now offering sidelink capability, which allows direct vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication. Millimeter wave (mmWave) enables low-latency mission-critical V2V communications, such as forward crash warning, between two vehicles crossing on a road without dividers. In this article, we present a measurement-based pa...

In this letter, we examine the effect of misalignment angle on cluster-based power delay profile (PDP) modeling for a 60 GHz millimeter-wave uplink. The analysis uses real-world data, where fixed uplink scenarios are realized by placing the transmitter at ground level and the receiver at the building level. Both outdoor-to-indoor (O2I) and outdoor-...

This paper presents a comprehensive measurement campaign aimed at evaluating indoor-to-indoor radio channels in dynamic scenarios, with a particular focus on applications such as autonomous ground vehicles (AGV). These scenarios are characterized by the height of the antennas, addressing the unique challenges of near-ground communication. Our study...

Millimeter wave (mmWave) technology offers high throughput but has a limited radio range, necessitating the use of directional antennas or beamforming systems such as massive MIMO. Path loss (PL) models using narrow-beam antennas are known as directional models, while those using omnidirectional antennas are referred to as omnidirectional models. T...

In this paper, we analyze the spectral efficiency for millimeter wave downlink with beam misalignment in urban macro scenario. For this purpose, we use a new approach based on the modified Shannon formula, which considers the propagation environment and antenna system coefficients. These factors are determined based on a multi-ellipsoidal propagati...

Vegetation significantly affects radio signal attenuation, influenced by factors such as signal frequency, plant species, and foliage density. Existing attenuation models typically address specific scenarios, like single trees, rows of trees, or green spaces, with the ITU-R P.833 recommendation being a widely recognized standard. Most assessments f...

In this paper, we present an empirical verification of the method of determining the Doppler spectrum (DS) from the power angular spectrum (PAS). Measurements were made for the frequency of 3.5 GHz, under non-line-of-sight conditions in suburban areas characteristic of a university campus. In the static scenario, the measured PAS was the basis for...

Backscatter communication (BackCom) holds immense potential for enhancing the capabilities of energy-constrained Internet of Things (IoT) devices and supporting a wide range of applications. Non-orthogonal multiple-access (NOMA) schemes are advantageous for meeting the demands of massive connectivity in next-generation communication networks, and N...

A site-specific radio channel representation considers the surroundings of the communication system through the environment geometry, such as buildings, vegetation, and mobile objects including their material and surface properties. In this article, we focus on communication technologies for 5G and beyond that are increasingly able to exploit the s...

In this paper, we examine the effect of misalignment angle on cluster-based power delay profile modeling for a 60 GHz millimeter-wave (mmWave) uplink. The analysis uses real-world data, where fixed uplink scenarios are realized by placing the transmitter at ground level and the receiver at the building level. Both outdoor-to-indoor (O2I) and outdoo...

The deployment of wireless systems in millimeter wave relies on a thorough understanding of electromagnetic wave propagation under various weather conditions and scenarios. In this study, we characterize millimeter wave propagation effects from measurement data, utilizing channel impulse response analysis with a focus on root mean square delay spre...

A site-specific radio channel representation (SSCR) takes the surroundings of the communication system into account by considering the environment geometry, including buildings, vegetation, and mobile objects with their material and surface properties. We present methods for an SSCR that is spatially consistent, such that mobile transmitter and rec...

Contrary to orthogonal multiple-access (OMA), non-orthogonal multiple-access (NOMA) schemes can serve a pool of users without exploiting the scarce frequency or time domain resources. This is useful in meeting the future network requirements (5G and beyond systems), such as, low latency, massive connectivity, users' fairness, and high spectral effi...

Radio wave propagation in an intra-vehicular (IV) environment is markedly different from other well-studied indoor scenarios, such as an office or a factory floor. While millimetre wave (mmWave)-based intra-vehicular communications promise large bandwidth and can achieve ultra-high data rates with lower latency, exploiting the advantages of mmWave...

Fifth generation new radio (5G NR) is now offering sidelink capability, which allows direct vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication. Millimeter wave (mmWave) enables low-latency mission-critical V2V communications, such as forward crash warning, between two vehicles crossing on a road without dividers. In this article, we present a measurement-based...

In this paper, we present an empirical verification of the method of determining the Doppler spectrum (DS) from the power angular spectrum (PAS). Measurements were made for the frequency of 3.5 GHz, under non-line-of-sight conditions in suburban areas characteristic of a university campus. In the static scenario, the measured PAS was the basis for...

Musical instrument identification has for long had a reputation of being one of the most ill-posed problems in the field of musical information retrieval. Despite several robust attempts made at solving the problem, a timeline spanning over the last five odd decades, the problem remains an open conundrum. In this work, we take on a further complex...

Nanobots are very small, self-regulated and propelled electronic devices or bots that are either pre-programmed or can be controlled from outside to do specific work such as detection, operation or diagnosis. The devices range between 0.1-10 micrometres and are constructed with nano scale molecules or molecular compounds. The main distinctive advan...

Despite the high relative velocity, the coherence time in vehicle-to-everything (V2X) multipath fading channel does not linearly decrease with the increase in frequency or velocity, especially when directional propagation or beamforming is involved. Therefore, multiple data frames can be aggregated spanning a coherence time slot. Aggregation of dat...

In this article we have utilized deep learning (DL) for channel sounding application in the millimeter wave (mmWave) band. Using data from a channel sounding campaign for studying intra-vehicle wireless channels operating over the 55-65 GHz mmWave band, we have trained an artificial neural network (ANN) model, which is used to simulate power-delay-...

The goal of this paper is to investigate the change in energy efficiency of point-to-point (P2P) links in a wireless sensor network (WSN) upon introduction of a third node acting as a relay. In particular, we consider the problem of placing a relay node, either already available in the WSN but was inactive or is inserted after the WSN is formed, on...

This paper represents the performance analysis of a transmit and receive diversity-based free-space-optical (FSO) communication system employing Alamouti space-time-block-code (STBC) and the switch-and-examine combining (SEC) technique at the transmitter end receiver section. The generalized Málaga statistical distribution has been considered to re...

In this paper, a multi‐hop cognitive radio (CR) enabled device‐to‐device (D2D) network is considered to extend the communication from a functional area (FA) to a non‐functional area (NFA). A D2D user utilizes a cellular user (CU) band in the cognitive mode for information transmission while maintaining the service quality of CUs by satisfying a col...

The basic technology that will determine the expansion of the technical capabilities of fifth generation cellular systems is a massive multiple-input-multiple-output. Therefore, assessing the influence of the antenna beam orientations on the radio channel capacity is very significant. In this case, the effects of mismatching the antenna beam direct...

In emerging fifth-generation (5G) networks, millimeter-wave bands will be used. Due to high atmospheric attenuation, the 60 GHz band is planned to be used for indoor and outdoor line-of-sight communication. Numerous uses of this band for vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) connectivity are indicated in the literature. In this paper, we propose a novel...

Musical Instrument Identification has for long had a reputation of being one of the most ill-posed problems in the field of Musical Information Retrieval(MIR). Despite several robust attempts to solve the problem, a timeline spanning over the last five odd decades, the problem remains an open conundrum. In this work, the authors take on a further c...

The objective of this research is to explore the inherent complexities and multifractal properties of the underlying distributions in the daily Planetary K -index time series collected from NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center. In this article, non-stationary and nonlinear characteristics of the signal have been explored using Smoothed Pseudo Wigne...

In this paper, we have analyzed the average bit error rate (ABER) performance of a multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) free-space optical (FSO) communication link employing both transmitter and receiver diversity techniques. For the proposed MIMO FSO system, we have considered spatial shift keying (SSK), a specific case of spatial modulation (SM)...

The WiGig Alliance has recently introduced IEEE 802.11ay that standardizes the use of 60 GHz millimeter-wave (mmWave) frequency band for providing Gbps wireless connectivity on the move. However, for vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) systems using such standards, network reliability must be ensured when safety-critical signaling information is exchan...

In this paper, the measurement data of an outdoor-to-indoor channel at 60 GHz for various orientations of the receiver is analyzed. We comment on the variation of the received line-of-sight (LOS) component power and delay spread with respect to the misalignment angle and suggest the existence of clusters which map to nearby buildings acting as scat...

This paper analyzes a scenario where single or multiple sensors placed on a parked car help the owner to find the car in a parking lot. It is assumed that the sensors communicate with the owner device over ultra-wide-band (UWB)and the owner device only records the received signal strength(RSS) values. Based on the RSS data, which are obtained from...

Atmospheric turbulence and pointing errors are major hindrances behind the proliferation of free-space-optics (FSO) technology in next-generation fronthaul networks. This paper investigates the effect of a decode-and-forward relay in overcoming these impairments and how an additional source-to-relay millimeter-wave (mmWave) radio-frequency (RF) bac...

In this paper, we study the time-variance of a roadside infrastructure to infrastructure (I2I) channel operating at 60 GHz millimetre wave (mmWave) band, where the time-variance is caused by moving vehicles acting as scatterers. At first, measurement data is obtained by placing the transmitter (TX) and the receiver (RX) at different heights to emul...

A two-dimensional discrete-time Markov model is developed for short-range IEEE 802.15.4 wireless networks operating in non-beacon-enabled mode. The model is used for obtaining different medium access control (MAC) parameters like average number of backoffs, clear channel assessment (CCA) probability and collision probability. Next, cross-layer erro...

In this paper, the authors make an attempt to solve the convoluted problem of identifying musical instruments based on their audio excerpts, using a deep convolutional neural network. Continuous wavelet transform of audio signals are realized through Morse wavelet and two‐dimensional feature maps are formed, which are then fed to a simple yet robus...

This paper introduces a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) free space optical (FSO) communication system with both transmit and receive diversity employing Alamouti space–time block-coding (STBC) at the transmitter end and switch-and-examine combining (SEC) at the receiver end, and presents analytical expressions for various performance measures...

The current study is an initiative taken to recognize the speech by observing the muscle associated with speech (Locks et al. inMotriz, Rio Claro 21(1):15–22, 2015, [1]). It will realize unvoiced communication; guarantee the participation of inarticulate people in society. Electromyography (EMG) sensor is used to track and recognize various intramu...

Link quality of a free-space-optical (FSO) link depends on atmospheric turbulence severity and pointing error due to optical beam misalignment. To improve reliability of a FSO link, an intermediate relay node may be used. The overall link quality may be further improved by using an additional radio-frequency (RF) link assisting the relay, as descri...

The paper deals with an analysis of multipath propagation environment in the 60 GHz band using a pseudo-random binary sequence-based time-domain channel sounder with 8 GHz bandwidth. The main goal of this work is to analyze the multipath components (MPCs) propagation between a moving car carrying a transmitter with an omnidirectional antenna and a...

A transmitted frame in a wireless sensor network (WSN) may get corrupted due to erroneous bits in the frame, an event characterized at the physical (PHY) layer. The frame may also get dropped at medium access control (MAC) layer due to collision with other frames. As energy is wasted due to both, a combined cross-layer (PHY + MAC) model is needed f...

The goal of this paper is to find whether a convolutional neural network (CNN) performs better than the existing blind algorithms for image denoising, and, if yes, whether the noise statistics has an effect on the performance gap. For automatic identification of noise distribution, we used two different convolutional neural networks, VGG-16 and Inc...

The combined effect of Malaga distributed atmospheric turbulence and pointing errors on the performance of a hybrid free-space optical (FSO)/ radio-frequency (RF)-FSO communication system is presented and analyzed in this paper. We considered three performance metrics, namely, outage probability, average bit error rate (BER) and average capacity. F...

Cooperative spectrum sensing (CSS) is an efficient method to detect vacant spectrum of a primary user (PU) by combining sensing information of multiple cognitive radios (CRs) in presence of fading. In this paper, effects of perfect and imperfect channel state information (CSI) on CSS network is evaluated. The proposed network is operated over Nakag...

Millimeter-wave (mmWave) transmission over the unlicensed 60 GHz spectrum is a potential solution to realize high-speed internet access, even inside mass transit vehicles. The solution involves communication between users and a mmWave-band on-board unit which aggregates/ disseminates data streams from/ to commuters, and maintains connection with th...

The free-space optical communications technology is emerging as an attractive substitute to RF communications. It can satisfy the current demands for higher bandwidth to the customer. Atmospheric turbulence is a major obstacle in wireless optical communication systems. To fully utilize the terabit capacity of FSO system, it has to overcome various...

This paper analyzes the data obtained from a 60 GHz infrastructure-to-infrastructure millimetre wave channel sounding campaign, carried out in an urban-highway environment in Brno, Czech Republic. The transmitter and the receiver are placed at different heights to emulate a link between a typical base station and a roadside unit while the passing v...

For data frame transmissions in beacon-enabled mode, an IEEE 802.15.4 node performs two consecutive clear channel assessments (CCAs) to sense the channel after back off. Here, the authors study what would happen if the medium access control (MAC) layer performs only one CCA instead. Although it is apparent that the frame transmission cycle would be...

Atmospheric turbulence is one of the main causes of degrading the quality of service in free-space optical (FSO) systems. The use of diversity techniques in an FSO system can minimize the fading effect which is caused by atmospheric turbulence. When diversity combining is applied at both the transmitter and the receiver ends, the system can mitigat...

The 5G vision acknowledges intravehicular communication as a means to enable passenger connectivity on the move. The capacity demand in a public transport vehicle is multi-fold compared to personal cars as there are more people on-board. In order to meet the demand, 5G standardization bodies prescribe moving the spectrum up to the millimetre wave (...

Saleh-Valenzuela based clustered propagation concept is widely adopted for modelling UWB channels operating in the 3-11 GHz band. In this paper, we examine whether 60 GHz mmWave channels can be modelled along the same line. First, an automatic clustering algorithm is developed for the purpose which groups multipath components according to their tim...

Free-space optical (FSO) links are considered as cost-effective, non-invasive alternative to fiber optic cables for 5G cellular backhaul networking. For FSO based backhaul networks we propose an additional millimeter-wavelength (MMW) radio-frequency (RF)-FSO link, used as a backup. Uninterrupted and reliable network connection is possible by switch...

Lightning Talk, N2Women and WICE workshop

The characteristics of 55-65 GHz millimetre channels inside vehicles are analysed. 60 GHz has a promising role for short range wireless systems that require high data rates and has several potential benefits. Following an increase in the number of vehicles in today's world, the need for intra vehicular communication systems is increasingly in deman...

We put forth our opinion regarding the enhanced plasticity and modulation of mechanical properties of polymeric films obtained through electrospinning process in this article. In majority of the pharmaceutical, biomedical, and packaging applications, it is desirable that polymer based matrices should be soft, flexible, and have a moderate toughness...

We put forth our opinion regarding the enhanced plasticity and modulation of mechanical properties of polymeric films obtained through electrospinning process in this article. In majority of the pharmaceutical, biomedical, and packaging applications, it is desirable that polymer based matrices should be soft, flexible, and have a moderate toughness...

The randomness in UWB channel for small positional variations around a car, parked in an underground garage, is reported. Keeping the receiver fixed at the conventional rooftop antenna location, the transmitter location is changed to study the variations against distance, angle, and height. The path loss is found to be monotonically increasing with...

Free-space optical (FSO) communication, which offers better data rate at a lower cost compared to radio-frequency (RF) backhauls, and is much easier to setup and maintain than optical cables, is gaining attention as an attractive substitute. Average capacity is one of the main performances metrics to understand the connectivity and data rates of a...

The cognitive radio (CR) technology is developed to help secondary users to utilize spectrum holes of the primary users (PUs) opportunistically. Accurate detection of spectrum holes via cooperative spectrum sensing (CSS) is essential for realization of CR protocols in next generation hybrid terrestrial-satellite networks. Soft data fusion refers to...

We investigate the optimal location of an adaptive decode and forward relay operating over a κ – μ fading channel. The κ – μ statistics provides a generalized line-of-sight propagation model which includes fading models like Rayleigh, Nakagami, Rician as special cases. We restrict our analysis to collinear relay placement, i.e. the relay node (R_n)...

The paper provides real-word wireless measurement data of the intra-vehicular channel for both the 3-11 GHz and the 55-65 GHz frequency band under similar conditions. By spatially averaging channel impulse response (CIR) realizations within a 10×10 grid, we obtain the power-delay profile (PDP). The data measured at 3-11 GHz and 55-65 GHz exhibit si...

IEEE 802.15.4 is a popular standard for personal area networks used in different low-rate short-range applications. This paper examines the error rate performance of 802.15.4 in fading wireless channel. An analytical model is formulated for evaluating frame error rate (FER); first, for direct single hop transmission between two sensor nodes, and se...

In this paper, we investigate the energy efficiency of cooperative relay schemes for short-range wireless systems. A simple three-node network topology is assumed which comprises of a source (S) node, a relay (R) node, and a destination (D) node. The relay operates in adaptive decode and forward (DF) mode and assists the direct communication betwee...

In this paper, we have investigated capacity of a dual-hop mixed radio-frequency (RF)/ free-space optical (FSO) communication link equipped with a fixed-gain amplify-and-forward (AF) relay employing average power scaling (APS). The atmospheric turbulence induced fading in the FSO part of the link is modelled with gamma-gamma distribution while it i...

Diversity combining at both transmitter and receiver end can successfully mitigate the degradation caused by atmospheric turbulence in free space optical (FSO) links. In this paper, we derive the bit error rate (BER) expression of a 2 × L multiple input multiple output (MIMO) FSO link operating over gamma-gamma fading channel. Alamouti space time c...

In this paper we examine the energy efficiency of relay aided wireless sensor network (WSN) links where the two-hop transmission between source and destination is realized with an adaptive decode and forward (DF) relay. The receiver may use only the relayed signal (non-cooperative mode) or it may be combined with the signal directly available from...

The article presents out-of-vehicle channel measurement results in ultra-wide band spanning 3–11 GHz bandwidth using a vector network analyzer for localization applications. Experiments for different distances and different angles around the parked car are carried out. From the power delay profiles, the distance between the antennas is calculated e...

Intra vehicular communication is an emerging field of research due to its potential applications in safety of passengers, navigational and localization aids for driver, and multimedia infotainment. This chapter describes the wireless channel sounding activities performed inside a typical passenger car under the SoMoPro and the GACR projects. Three...