Anirban Dutta

University of Lincoln

Eye movements play a crucial role in our sensory perception, and their connection to numerous brain areas makes the ocular system susceptible to various neurological disorders. As a result, studying eye movements has emerged as a valuable approach for detecting and understanding these neurological conditions, e.g., in stroke [Kumar D, et al. SmartE...

Introduction One’s eye movement (in response to visual tasks) provides a unique window into the cognitive processes and higher-order cognitive functions that become adversely affected in cases with cognitive decline, such as those mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia. MCI is a transitional stage between normal aging and dementia. Methods I...

The Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD 2019 Diseases and Injuries Collaborators) found that diabetes significantly increases the overall burden of disease, leading to a 24.4% increase in disability-adjusted life years. Persistently high glucose levels in diabetes can cause structural and functional changes in proteins throughout the body, and the...

Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) resulting from perinatal asphyxia occurs when the brain is deprived of sufficient oxygen and blood supply. To effectively manage HIE, it is crucial to have a reliable indicator of "intact survival." The severity of HIE is commonly assessed using a clinical classification scale called Sarnat staging, which takes...

Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) secondary to perinatal asphyxia occurs when the brain does not receive enough oxygen and blood. A surrogate marker for “intact survival” is necessary for the successful management of HIE. The severity of HIE can be classified based on clinical presentation, including the presence of seizures, using a clinical c...

The Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD 2019 Diseases and Injuries Collaborators) found that diabetes significantly increases the overall burden of disease, leading to a 24.4% increase in disability-adjusted life years. Persistently high glucose levels in diabetes can cause structural and functional changes in proteins throughout the body, and the...

Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) secondary to perinatal asphyxia occurs when the brain does not receive enough oxygen and blood. A surrogate marker for ‘intact survival’ is necessary for the successful management of HIE. The severity of HIE can be classified based on clinical presentation, including presence of seizures, using a clinical class...

Significance: As trainees practice fundamental surgical skills, they typically rely on performance measures such as time and errors, which are limited in their sensitivity. Aim: The goal of our study was to evaluate the use of portable neuroimaging measures to map the neural processes associated with learning basic surgical skills. Approach: T...

Transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) can modulate the neurovascular unit, including the perivascular space morphology, but the mechanisms are unclear. In this perspective article, we used an open-source “rsHRF toolbox” and an open-source functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) data set to sho...

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been shown to facilitate surgical training and performance when compared to sham tDCS; however, the potency may be improved by selecting appropriate brain targets based on neuroimaging and mechanistic insights. Published studies have shown the feasibility of portable brain imaging in conjunction wi...

The study objective was classification of skill level based on the topographical features of the electroencephalogram(EEG) during the most complex Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery(FLS) task. We developed a novel microstate-based Common Spatial Pattern (CSP) analysis with linear discriminant analysis(LDA) classification that was compared with to...

Abstract Error-based learning is one of the basic skill acquisition mechanisms that can be modeled as a perception–action system and investigated based on brain–behavior analysis during skill training. Here, the error-related chain of mental processes is postulated to depend on the skill level leading to a difference in the contextual switching of...

Background The goal of this study was to compare the brain activation patterns of experienced and novice individuals when performing the Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery (FLS) suture with intracorporeal knot tying task, which requires bimanual motor control. Methods Twelve experienced and fourteen novice participants completed this cross-secti...

Individual differences in the responsiveness of the brain to transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) are increasingly demonstrated by the large variability in the effects of tES. Anatomically detailed computational brain models have been developed to address this variability; however, static brain models are not “realistic” in accounting for the...

Mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) is common and associated with a spectrum of symptoms, which usually resolve within 3 months. But 5%–15% of patients are left with chronic disabling symptoms which challenge the current construct of mTBI. Increasingly mTBI has been a common subject of legal cases where neu- rologists have been ensnared. The main rea...

Virtual reality (VR) simulator has emerged as a laparoscopic surgical skill training tool that needs validation using brain–behavior analysis. Therefore, brain network and skilled behavior relationship were evaluated using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) from seven experienced right-handed surgeons and six right-handed medical student...

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the differences in brain activity between expert surgeons and novice medical residents based on electroencephalography (EEG). The first sub-goal was to assess the Microstate EEGlab toolbox and BCIlab toolboxes for data analysis and classification of the topographical features for microstate-bas...

Individual differences in the responsiveness of the brain to transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) is increasingly demonstrated in large variability in the tES effects. Anatomically detailed computational brain models have been developed to address this variability; however, static brain models are not ‘realistic’ in accounting for the dynamic...

Motor skills that involve bimanual motor coordination need a high level of training to be performed effectively. Transcranial electrical stimulation has the potential to enhance performance and reduce errors for bimanual motor tasks. In the current study, we performed transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) with functional near-infrared spec...

Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery (FLS) is a standard education and training module with a set of basic surgical skills. During surgical skill acquisition, novices need to learn from errors due to perturbations in their performance which is one of the basic principles of motor skill acquisition. This study on thirteen healthy novice medical stud...

The physiological origin of the aperiodic signal present in the electrophysiological recordings, called l/f neural noise, is unknown; nevertheless, it has been associated with health and disease. The power spectrum slope, -α in 1/fα, has been postulated to be related to the dynamic balance between excitation (E) and inhibition (I). Our study found...

Low-frequency Fahræus-Lindqvist-driven oscillations in the small vessels are crucial because oscillations in small vessels support nutrient supply. Understanding of this is critical in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) to develop therapeutic measures in order to prevent Alzheimer's Disease Related Dementias. Indeed, vascular factors are known to cont...

Introduction: • Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), described as the most complex disease in the most complex organ [1], is a pressing but unsolved public health problem at a global level. • Worldwide 50 million TBI occur each year costing USD400 billion to the society [2]. • Despite being a leading cause of mortality and disability in young adults world...

Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery (FLS) is a training module designed to provide basic surgical skills. During skill training of the FLS "suturing and intracorporeal knot-tying" task – the most difficult among the five psychomotor FLS tasks, learning from errors is one of the basic principles of motor skill acquisition where appropriate contextu...

Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery (FLS) is a standard education and training module with a set of basic surgical skills. During surgical skill acquisition, novices need to learn from errors due to perturbations in their performance which is one of the basic principles of motor skill acquisition. This study on thirteen healthy novice medical stud...

The physiological origin of the aperiodic signal present in the electrophysiological recordings, called 1/f neural noise, is unknown; nevertheless, it has been associated with health and disease. The power spectrum slope, -a in 1/f a , has been postulated to be related to the dynamic balance between excitation (E) and inhibition (I). Our study foun...

The Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery (FLS) training module is designed to provide essential surgical skills. During skill training of the FLS "suturing and intracorporeal knot-tying" task (FLS complex task) – the most difficult among the five psychomotor FLS tasks, the error-related chain of mental processes is postulated to depend on the skill...

Background: Maladaptive neuroplasticity-related learned response in substance use disorder (SUD) can be ameliorated using noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS); however, inter-individual variability needs to be addressed for clinical translation. Objective: Our first objective was to develop a hypothesis for NIBS for learned response in SUD based...

Transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) can exert cerebrovascular effects, but the mechanisms are unclear. Long-term (≥3min) transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) can also change the extracellular ion concentrations that can modulate neuronal excitability. An increase in interstitial K+ can modulate the neurovascular system's sensitivity...

Artificial intelligence (AI), a computer system aiming to mimic human intelligence, is being increasingly utilized to help the clinicians in (1) formulation of diagnosis, (2) choosing appropriate therapy, and (3) predicting the outcome. Thrombolysis, mechanical thrombectomy, and developments in stroke delivery models have revolutionized the care of...

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009386.].

mdash;Low-frequency Fahræus–Lindqvist-driven (not blood pressure-driven) oscillations in the small vessels are crucial because oscillations in small vessels support nutrient supply. Understanding of this is critical in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) to develop therapeutic measures to prevent Alzheimer's Disease Related Dementias: vascular factors...

Intermittent claudication in peripheral arterial disease (PAD) may be monitored with near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) of an exercising muscle and skin; however, skin NIRS data in conjunction with electromyography (EMG) of muscle activation has not been investigated. This paper presents the development of a wearable skin NIRS sensor to determine th...

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been a popular way of modulating brain activity in a non-invasive manner and has shown to affect neural plasticity and cerebrovascular response in humans. It is important to analyze how transcranial direct current stimulation-generated electric fields can induce effects on hemodynamic response. The...

Electroencephalogram (EEG) source localization is used to estimate regions of ictal onset in epilepsy patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. Localization of EEG data struggles to achieve high spatial resolution, especially in deep brain regions, and is difficult to validate. In this paper we generate simulated EEG data using a spatiotemporally reali...

Early-onset neonatal sepsis can increase the risk of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) that can worsen the patient’s prognosis. We investigated neurometabolic coupling (NMC) in five full-term neonates with HIE and sepsis that was found lower than the other five with HIE only. We hypothesized that transcranial photobiomodulation might upregulate...

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) can modulate corticomuscular coherence and reaction time of the targeted muscle during a single-muscle ballistic myoelectric control where anodal tDCS of the primary motor cortex (M1) leg representation decreased the reaction time while the cerebellar tDCS (ctDCS) increased the same. In this study, we...

Background: Maladaptive neuroplasticity related learned response in substance use disorder (SUD) can be ameliorated using non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS); however, inter-individual variability needs to be addressed for clinical translation. Objective: Our first objective was to develop a hypothesis for NIBS for learned response in SUD based o...

Objective Obesity and physical activity are two major factors affecting aerobic performance in older adults. The underlying mechanisms of the causes are still unknown. Oxidative capacity, muscles’ maximal capacity to utilize oxygen, is a part of aerobic performance. Muscle oxygen level (SmO2), a measure of oxidative capacity, reflects the balance b...

Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) can lead to blood clotting in the deep veins of the legs, a disease known as deep vein thrombosis. An estimated 40 percent of people in the United States have venous insufficiency that may be ameliorated with neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES). Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a non-invasive optical i...

this study investigates the difference in effective connectivity among novice medical students trained on physical and virtual simulators to perform the Fundamental laparoscopic surgery (FLS) pattern cutting task (PC). We propose using dynamic spectral Granger causality (GC) in the frequency band of [0.01-0.07]Hz to measure the effect of surgical t...

Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery (FLS) is a prerequisite for board certification in general surgery in the USA. In FLS, the suturing task with intracorporeal knot tying is considered the most complex task. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) has been shown to facilitate FLS surgical skill a...

Neurological disorder such as stroke can adversely affect one’s weight-bearing symmetry leading to dysfunctional postural control. Recovery after stroke is facilitated through functionally-relevant neuroplastic modulation. Functionally-relevant cerebellum coordinates voluntary movements. Specifically, the dentate nuclei and lower limb representatio...

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been shown to evoke hemodynamics response; however, the mechanisms have not been investigated systematically using systems biology approaches. Our study presents a grey-box linear model that was developed from a physiologically detailed multi-compartmental neurovascular unit model consisting of the...

Functional brain connectivity (FC) using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) during a fundamental laparoscopic surgery (FLS) pattern cutting (PC) task was investigated in physical and virtual simulators. FC was based on wavelet coherence and wavelet phase coherence from oxygenated hemoglobin concentration changes. Coefficient of variation...

Despite substantial progress towards establishing virtual reality (VR) simulators as a replacement for physical ones for skill training, its effect on the brain network during skill acquisition has not been well addressed. In this study, we employed portable optical neuroimaging technology and Granger causality approach to uncover the impact of the...

Functional brain connectivity using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) during a pattern cutting (PC) task was investigated in physical and virtual simulators. 14 right-handed novice medical students were recruited and divided into separate cohorts for physical (N = 8) and virtual (N = 6) PC training. Functional brain connectivity measure...

The comparison of the effects of physical and virtual reality (VR) simulators on the brain network during skill acquisition has not been well addressed. In this study, the brain network and skilled behavior relationship were evaluated using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) data from seven experienced right-handed surgeons and six right...

Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery (FLS) is a prerequisite for board certification in general surgery in the USA. It includes a motor skills portion with five psychomotor tasks of increasing task complexity: (i) pegboard transfers, (ii) pattern cutting, (iii) placement of a ligating loop, (iv) suturing with extracorporeal knot tying, and (v) sutu...

Surgical skill acquisition may be facilitated with a safe application of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). A preliminary meta-analysis of randomized control trials showed that tDCS was associated with significantly better improvement in surgical performance than the sham control; however, meta-analysis does not address the mechanistic...

Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery (FLS) is a prerequisite for board certification in general surgery in the USA. It includes a motor skills portion with five psychomotor tasks of increasing task complexity: (i) pegboard transfers, (ii) pattern cutting, (iii) placement of a ligating loop, (iv) suturing with extracorporeal knot tying, and (v) sutu...

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1117/1.NPh.8.1.015008.].

Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) can lead to blood clotting in the deep veins of the legs, a disease known as deep vein thrombosis. An estimated 40 percent of people in the United States have venous insufficiency that may be ameliorated with functional electrical stimulation (FES). Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a non-invasive optical imagi...

Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery (FLS) is a prerequisite for board certification in general surgery in the USA. In FLS, the suturing task with intracorporeal knot tying is considered the most complex. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) has been shown to facilitate FLS surgical skill acquis...

—Cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation (ctDCS) has been shown to facilitate standing balance in stroke survivors where a good general linear model fit was found in the latent space between the mean lobular ctDCS electric field strength with the oxy-hemoglobin concentrations (HbO) from functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and l...

Functional brain connectivity using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) during a pattern cutting (PC) task was investigated in physical and virtual simulators. 14 right-handed novice medical students were recruited and divided into separate cohorts for physical (N=8) and virtual (N=6) PC training. Functional brain connectivity measured we...

Feasibility of portable neuroimaging of cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation (ctDCS) effects on the cerebral cortex has not been investigated vis-à-vis cerebellar lobular electric field strength. We studied functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) in conjunction with electroencephalography (EEG) to measure changes in the brain ac...

Significance: Surgical simulators, both virtual and physical, are increasingly used as training tools for teaching and assessing surgical technical skills. However, the metrics used for assessment in these simulation environments are often subjective and inconsistent. Aim: We propose functional activation metrics, derived from brain imaging measure...

Acquisition of fine motor skills is a time-consuming process as it is based on learning via frequent repetitions. Transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) is a promising means of enhancing simple motor skill development via neuromodulatory mechanisms. Here, we report that non-invasive neurostimulation facilitates the learning of complex fine biman...

Background Investigation of lobule-specific electric field effects of cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation (ctDCS) on overground gait performance has not been performed, so this study aimed to investigate the feasibility of two lobule-specific bilateral ctDCS montages to facilitate overground walking in chronic stroke. Methods Ten ch...