Anil Gupta

• University of Maryland, College Park

A significant body of research has examined how new organizations gain legitimacy and how gaining it affects their subsequent access to resources. Less attention has been given to the problem of how new organizations attract collective attention. Although related to legitimation, the problem of attracting attention is distinct, as attention and eva...

In their essay on East Meets West, Chen and Miller argue that the relational philosophy rooted in the East and in particular China has much to offer for managers in both the East and the West. They suggest, however, that managers must avoid dangerous extremes and that an "ambicultural" approach that combines elements of Eastern and Western philosop...

Country risk and foreign direct investment (FDI) are negatively associated, yet considerations such as rapid economic growth and lower factor costs are driving multinational corporations (MNCs) to significantly increase FDI into high-risk countries. How do MNCs deal with country risk on an ongoing basis after establishing majority or wholly owned o...

In this paper, we explore the processes and mechanisms of reputation-building by new ventures (NVs), using a grounded theory-building approach from case studies. Based on interviews with experienced entrepreneurs, supplemented by secondary data on their NVs, we identify several types of activities that may help NVs build their initial reputations....

Social networks constructed on digital platforms are becoming increasingly pervasive in all aspects of individual and organizational life. This special issue of Information Systems Research includes 10 papers that focus on the interplay between digital and social networks. The interplay draws attention to the fact that digital interaction among ind...

In this introductory article for the Special Issue on Innovation At and Across Multiple Levels of Analysis, we review major streams of extant research on innovation to establish a clear role for multilevel theory and research within this domain. We then examine and illustrate two fundamental and complementary approaches for investigating multilevel...

Over the past decade, knowledge and learning have emerged as the keys to economic success and as a focus for thinking about organizational effectiveness and innovation. An overwhelming majority of large organizations now engage in a wide range of knowledge and learning activities and nearly all have programs and personnel explicitly dedicated to th...

Exploration and exploitation have emerged as the twin concepts underpinning organizational adaptation research, yet some central issues related to them remain ambiguous. We address four related questions here: What do exploration and exploitation mean? Are they two ends of a continuum or orthogonal to each other? How should organizations achieve ba...

This editorial announces a new special issue calling for research on the interplay between digital and social networks. Today, both digital and social networks play a crucial role in the structure and conduct of economic activity. Therefore, ISR ...

Are global business teams (GBTs) nothing more than just a group of individuals collaborating across cultural and geographic distances? We argue that such a view represents a gross simplification of the reality, since every GBT member also represents the knowledge and interests of an organizational unit. Recognizing the broader strategic context wit...

This paper presents an integrative framework for studying knowledge exchange between organizational units from a dyadic perspective. Our major argument is that the characteristics of the dyadic relationship influence knowledge flows between Organizational units operating in the same corporation. We conceptualize the variations of knowledge flows wi...

Research on R&D location choice by MNCs has focused largely on host country factor endowments and overlooked the role that the potential to capture and utilize knowledge spillovers from competitors may also play in determining such choices. Using a large-scale panel database of the foreign subsidiaries of U.S.-based MNCs in above-average R&D-intens...

The article discusses a study that looks at the dynamics of networks and seeks to answer the question: within an existing network, how does the level of risk specific to an existing node affect linkages between that node and the rest of the network? The article states that the study seeks to conceptualize the multinational corporation (MNC) as a ne...

La actual transformación de las economías-estado hacia economías integradas en un mercado global permite nuevos desafíos y oportunidades en los negocios a nivel mundial. En los últimos diez años, los autores han estudiado cientos de corporaciones globales con una variedad de métodos de investigación y han encontrado cuatro metas esenciales que los...

This paper investigates the antecedents of intra-organizational trust and, more specifically, how the frequency of communication between trustor and trustee moderates the impact of these factors on perceived trustworthiness. Data on 157 dyadic relationships among 50 senior managers within a multinational corporation confirm that the effect of both...

En las empresas globales para organizar sus dispersas operaciones es fundamental un equipo global, formado por personas de distintas nacionalidades, que se desenvuelven en distintas áreas y se reúnen para coordinar aspectos de las operaciones. Para evitar su fracaso se debe mejorar la confianza y la comunicación.

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Executive Overview The economic landscape of the world is changing rapidly and becoming increasingly global. For virtually every medium-sized to large company in developed as well as developing economies, market opportunities, critical resources, cutting-edge ideas, and competitors lurk not just around the corner in the home market but increasingly...

Global presence by itself does not confer global competitive advantage. GIobal presence makes available to the firm's managers five value-creation opportunities: to adapt to local market differences, to exploit economies of global scale, to exploit economies of global scope, to tap optimal locations for activities and resources, and to maximize kno...

After exploring the meaning of globalization at different levels: world, country, industry, company and corporate function, the authors focus on examining the twin forces of ideological change and technology revolution which are making globalization one of the most important issues facing companies today. Globalization impacts on many aspects of co...

Pursuing a nodal (i.e., subsidiary) level of analysis, this paper advances and tests art overarching theoretical framework pertaining to intracorporate knowledge transfers within multinational corporations (MNCs). We predicted that (i) knowledge outflows from a subsidiary would be positively associated with value of the subsidiary's knowledge stock...

Pursuing a nodal (i.e., subsidiary) level of analysis, this paper advances and tests an overarching theoretical framework pertaining to intracorporate knowledge transfers within multinational corporations (MNCs). We predicted that (i) knowledge outflows from a subsidiary would be positively associated with value of the subsidiary’s knowledge stock,...

This paper advandes and tests an overarching theorical framework pertaining to incorporate knowledge transfers within multinational corporations. Knowledge outflows from a subsidiary would be positively associated with value of the subsidiary's knowledge stok, its motivational disposition to share knowledge, and the richness of transmission chanels...

Notwithstanding their concern with intra-MNC control mechanisms, scholars have overlooked the complementary phenomenon of self-regulatory behavior by subsidiaries. In this paper, we take the first steps towards addressing this gap by advancing and testing hypotheses dealing with the determinants of a major element of self-regulatory behavior at the...

Notwithstanding their concern with intra-MNC control mechanisms, scholars have overlooked the complementary phenomenon of self-regulatory behavior by subsidiaries. Utilizing data from 374 subsidiaries of 75 MNCs. we address this deficiency by testing hypotheses regarding the impact of subsidiary context, consol context, and individual characteristi...

This paper conceptualizes the multinational corporation (MNC) as a network of knowledge flows and argues that, within the same MNC, subsidiary strategic roles can be expected to differ in terms of the extent and directionality of knowledge flows between a focal subsidiary and the rest of the corporation. Building on this framework, the paper hypoth...

This study examined the impact of agency risks and task uncertainty on venture capitalist-chief executive officer (VC-CEO) interaction. Results from 51 VC-CEO dyads indicate that the frequency of interaction depends on the extent of VC-CEO goal congruence, the degree of the CEO's new venture experience, the venture's stage of development, and the d...

This article examines why individual venture capital firms (VCFs) prefer varying degrees of industry diversity and geographic scope in their venture investments. Hypotheses linking four factors-stage of venture financing. VCFs' ownership structure. VCF size, and type of financing-to pursuit of diversity and scope are advanced and empirically tested...

Virtually all research on strategic control within multinational corpo- rations (MINCs) has focused on macro differences in control systems and processes across entire MNCs. Taking a less macro (i.e., subsid- iary-specific contingency perspective), this article examines how, within the same corporation, the nature of corporate control might also va...

Viewing the multinational corporation (MNC) as a network of knowledge flows, this paper (i) conceptualizes subsidiary strategic roles in terms of high/low levels of knowledge outflow and inflow, and (ii) uses data from 359 subsidiaries of major U.S., Japanese, and European MNCs to test propositions regarding linkages between subsidiary strategic ro...

The dominant theme running through extant research on the impact of technological intensity on choice of diversification strategy has been that higher technological intensity at the industry level is associated with greater inter-industry (that is, unrelated) diversification. Focusing on both unrelated and related diversification and looking at fir...

Rooted in continguency theory, this paper examines linkages between strategy, incentive bonus system and effectiveness at the strategic business unit (SBU) level within diversified firms. Data from 58 SBUs reveal (1) that greater reliance on long-run criteria as well as subjective (non-formula) approaches for determining the SBU general managers' b...

Once a build, hold, or harvest strategy has been adopted for a business, how does the corporation ensure its implementation? The answers range from decentralizing strategic planning to tying the compensation system to successful plan implementation.

Rooted in contingency theory, this study examines linkages between strategy, managerial characteristics, and performance at the SBU level. Based on data from 58 SBUs, it concludes (i) that "build" SBUs, when compared with "harvest" SBUs, tend to be headed by general managers with greater risk propensity and tolerance for ambiguity, and (ii) that a...

A survey of the literature on regulation indicates that economists and public policy analysts have examined only two sets of alternatives explicitly, that is, no regulation versus direct regulation by the government. There are, however, other, possibly more effective, regulatory mechanisms that must be given the attention that they deserve. This ch...