Angela Saraò

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• PhD in Geophysics
• Senior Researcher at National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics

We apply the Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis (PSHA) and compute Physics-Based Simulations (PBS) of ground motion for three dams in the Campotosto area (Central Italy). The dams, which confine an artificial water reservoir feeding hydroelectric power plants, are located in an active seismic zone between the areas that experienced the 2009 L'Aq...

We present a comprehensive catalog of independent moment magnitude (Mw) estimates for northeastern Italy and its neighboring regions using data from the Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale (OX) network. The catalog, spanning from 2016 to 2023, covers the geographical area between 10.0°-14.5°north latitude and 44.5°-47.0°e...

Second-degree seismic moments provide a simple description of the spatiotemporal extent of the earthquake source. Finite source attributes such as rupture length, width, duration, velocity, and propagation direction can be estimated by computing second-degree seismic moments without the need for a predefined rupture model. This is achieved by analy...

Macroseismic data are obtained from observing the effects of an earthquake on people, buildings, and the natural environment. The crowdsourced macroseismic data are collected from a large number of people, often through online platforms or mobile applications. These data can be useful for characterizing geological features, depending on several fac...

Although earthquakes are a threat in many countries and considerable resources have been invested in safety regulations, communities at risk often lack awareness and preparedness. Risk communication is a key tool for building resilient communities, raising awareness, and increasing preparedness. Over the past 2 decades, seismic risk communication h...

Accurate quantification of seismic activity in volcanic regions is an important asset for improving hazard and risk assessment. This is especially true for densely populated areas, as in the case of Etna volcano (Southern Italy). There, the volcanic hazard is amplified by the seismic risk of active faults, especially on the eastern flank of the vol...

Although earthquakes are a threat in many countries and considerable resources have been invested in safety regulations, communities at risk often lack awareness and preparedness. Risk communication is a key tool for building resilient communities, raising awareness, and increasing preparedness. Over the past two decades, risk communication has evo...

We apply the Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis (PSHA) and Deterministic Seismic Hazard Analysis (DSHA) to estimate the input ground motion for three dams in the Campotosto area (Central Italy). The dams, which confine an artificial water reservoir feeding hydroelectric power plants, are located in an active seismic zone between the areas that e...

To ensure environmental and public safety, critical facilities require rigorous seismic hazard analysis to define seismic input for their design. We consider the case of the Trans Adriatic Pipeline (TAP), which is a pipeline that transports natural gas from the Caspian Sea to southern Italy, crossing active faults and areas characterized by high se...

We present a focal mechanism catalogue of earthquakes that occurred in the southeastern Alps and surrounding areas from 1928 to 2019. The area involved in the process of convergence between the Adria microplate and Eurasia is one of the most seismically active regions in the Alpine Belt. The seismicity is minor, with the Ms= 6.5 Friuli earthquake b...

The design of critical facilities needs a targeted computation of the expected ground motion levels. The Trans Adriatic Pipeline (TAP) is the pipeline that transports natural gas from the Greek-Turkish border, through Greece and Albania, to Italy. We present here the probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) that we performed for this facility,...

In this article, we describe the infrastructure developed and managed by the Italian National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics – OGS for the seismological and geodetic monitoring of northeastern Italy. The infrastructure was constituted in response to the ML 6.4 Friuli destructive earthquake of 1976, with the main mandate of support...

We present a focal mechanism catalogue of earthquakes that occurred in the southeastern Alps and surrounding areas from 1928 to 2019. The area involved in the process of convergence between the Adria microplate and Eurasia is one of the most seismically active regions in the Alpine Belt. The seismicity is minor, with the Ms =thinsp;6.5 Friuli earth...

Scientific research, respect for the environment, and passion for photography merged into an exceptional heritage of images collected by the researchers and technicians of the National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics (OGS). The images were taken during past scientific expeditions conducted all over the world to widen scientific kno...

Abstract. The encounter of scientific research, respect for the environment, and passion for photography created, throughout the years, an exceptional heritage of images shot by researchers and technicians of the National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics – OGS, during the scientific expeditions all over the world. The OGS researches...

Annannual report of the seismicity recorded by the seismometric network of north-eastern Italy, year 2019.

Seismic monitoring of the Veneto region recorded by the seismometric network of northeastern Italy managed by the National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics - OGS. Year 2019

Annual monitoring of the seismicity recorded by the seismometric network of northeastern Italy managed by the National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics – OGS. Year 2018

The study of seismic source parameters is crucial for understanding the origin of seismicity and retrieving information on the energy balance and the stress involved in earthquake rupture processes. In active tectonic areas, where underground industrial activities are carried out, such parameters may help to understand whether earthquakes are induc...

Seismic monitoring of the Veneto region recorded by the seismometric network of northeastern Italy managed by the National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics - OGS. Year 2018

TEMARisk FVG-Sai cosa Rischi in TErra e in MAre? OGS e FVG per la tutela del nostro pianeta" è un progetto di comunicazione sui rischi naturali, legati alla Terra e al Mare, che interessano il Friuli Venezia Giulia. La conoscenza del territorio a livello locale è fondamentale per formare comunità resilienti e proattive nella gestione del rischio. I...

TEMARisk FVG was a one year project that aimed to disseminate knowledge about the natural hazards that most afflict the territory of Friuli Venezia Giulia, in North Eastern Italy.

The 40th anniversary of 1976 Friuli earthquakes has been an opportunity to revitalise the memory and awareness of living in an earthquake country. Among several activities we organised, a placement test on past and actual natural hazards has been proposed to the students visiting Udine seismological laboratory. The test was compiled by 422 students...

Annual monitoring of the seismicity recorded by the seismometric network of northeastern Italy managed by the National Institute of Oceanography and Experimental Geophysics – OGS. Year 2017

We estimate the Mw values of 1823 weak earthquakes (Mw≤4.0) that have occurred in northeastern Italy, an area with complex tectonics and moderate seismicity, using the method proposed by Atkinson et al. (2014). The Mw is obtained from the response spectra (SAs) at 1.0 s and 0.3 s, which have been properly corrected for path effects. After tuning a...

Near-field recordings are very sensitive to the spatiotemporal details of the rupture process while far-field signals show the signature of the overall “point-source” earthquake mechanism. Near- and far-field recording ranges are dependent on the event magnitude and modulate the variability of the ground motion. This study investigates the ground m...

Seismic monitoring of the Veneto region recorded by the seismometric network of northeastern Italy managed by the National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics - OGS. Year 2016

Seismic monitoring of the Veneto region recorded by the seismometric network of northeastern Italy managed by the National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics - OGS. Year 2017

Annual monitoring of the seismicity recorded by the seismometric network of northeastern Italy managed by the National Institute of Oceanography and Experimental Geophysics – OGS. Year 2016

Near- and far-field recording ranges are dependent on the event magnitude and modulate the variability of the ground motion. We investigate the ground motion and the source-related near field variability for the 2011 Mw5.2 Lorca earthquake. Low-frequency content (up to 1 Hz) is simulated by the wavenumber integration method assuming four different...

A seismic event occurred on 11 May 2011 close to the town of Lorca (South-East Spain); despite the moderate magnitude (Mw=5.2), the damages were relevant. The largest PGA value (360 cm/s2) ever recorded so far in Spain was recorded at the accelerometric station located in Lorca (LOR), and it was explained as due to strong directivity effects rather...

A stable and reliable estimation of the energy released by the seismic events is a fundamental step to understand the dynamic of the source processes even for earthquakes of small sizes recorded by local networks. In the case of seismic networks devoted to monitoring human activities carried out underground, such as oil/gas production, gas storage...

We present the educational activities developed within a project that aims at disseminating the knowledge about seismic safety at high schools. SISIFO (SIcurezza SIsmica nella FOrmazione scolastica, that in English sounds like "seismic safety in school training"), is the name of the project and during the school year 2013-2014, fourteen high school...

On May 11, 2011 a moderate seismic event (Mw=5.2) struck the city of Lorca (SouthEast Spain) causing nine casualties, a large number of injured people and damages at the civil buildings. The largest PGA value (360 cm/s2) ever recorded so far in Spain, was observed at the accelerometric station located in Lorca (LOR), and it was explained as due to...

On May 11, 2011 a moderate seismic event (Mw=5.2) struck the city of Lorca (South-East Spain) causing nine casualties, a large number of injured people and damages at the civil buildings. The largest PGA value (360 cm/s2) ever recorded so far in Spain, was observed at the accelerometric station located in Lorca (LOR), and it was explained as due to...

We implemented an educational program, based on the use of free software and low-cost open hardware, to excite high school students’ curiosity about seismic-hazard issues and to engage them in the process of learning the best practices of seismic safety. This program was developed in a senior class at the high school Liceo Paschini in Tolmezzo (nor...

We present the educational activities developed within a project that aims at disseminating the knowledge about seismic safety at high schools. SISIFO (SIcurezza SIsmica nella FOrmazione scolastica, that in English sounds like “seismic safety in school training”), is the name of the project and during the school year 2013-2014, fourteen high school...

The Wood–Anderson (WA) torsion seismograph, used by Richter (1935) for the definition of the local magnitude (ML) of an earthquake, has been abandoned over time due to the cumbersome nature of its use. With the progress of technology, modern digital broadband (BB) instruments have replaced older instruments such as the WA, and the equivalent ML, ob...

We developed a hybridization code that merges the full-wave low-frequency signals with stochastic high-frequency synthetics to simulate broadband strong ground motion for engineering applications. The approach is applied to reproduce, within the known source and structure constraints, the Kik-NET and K-net accelerometric data recorded during the 20...

The usage of Arduino in school activities, to support STEM education, is widespread, and several blogs exist to connect teachers who wish to share knowledge, activities, problems or doubts about its usage as an educational tool. Arduino is often employed by amateurs for building seismometers, more or less efficiently, and there are several blogs, o...

The Centro di Ricerche Sismologiche (CRS, Seismological Research Centre) of the Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale (OGS, Italian National Institute for Oceanography and Experimental Geophysics) in Udine (Italy) after the strong earthquake of magnitude M=6.4 occurred in 1976 in the Italian Friuli-Venezia Giulia region, st...

We computed synthetic seismograms to get insights into the 2011 May 11 Lorca earthquake (Mw=5.2). This event was recorded also by twelve accelerometric stations located within a radius of 70 km from the source. One station (LOR) is quite close to the fault plane being located within 5 km on the hanging wall whilst four other accelerometric instrume...

We computed the seismic moment tensor of the most energetic earthquakes (3.4 ≤ M L ≤ 4.8) occurred at Mt. Etna volcano in the period 2005-2013 and recorded by the broad-band network of Osservatorio Etneo (Fig.1). The aim was either to calculate robust focal mechanisms, or to have an independent estimate of the moment magnitude (M w) but also to ana...

9 Recent earthquakes in Italy and around the world have stressed, once more, the crucial role of education on seismic risk as a key point to raise awareness of seismic safety. After the 2002 San Giuliano di Puglia earthquake that caused the collapse of a school and the death of 26 children and their teacher, special attention was paid in Italy to t...

Schools have a fundamental role in broadening the understanding of natural hazard and risks and in building the awareness in the community. Recent earthquakes in Italy and worldwide, have clearly demonstrated that the poor perception of seismic hazards diminishes the effectiveness of mitigation countermeasures. Since years the Seismology's departme...

For many years, the Italian scientific community has faced the problem of the reduction of earthquake risk using innovative educational techniques. Recent earthquakes in Italy and around the world have clearly demonstrated that seismic codes alone are not able to guarantee an effective mitigation of risk. After the tragic events of San Giuliano di...

Two procedures are described to generate hybrid synthetic seismograms for ground motion estimation: the Compex developed by the authors and the CERS downloaded from the eQuake-RC website. Both methods are tested on the earthquakes occurred at Iwate-Miyagi (Japan) and L’Aquila (Italy); the synthetic seismograms are computed utilizing the parameters...

The Centro di Ricerche Sismologiche (CRS, Seismological Research Center) of the Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale - OGS (Italian National Institute for Oceanography and Experimental Geophysics) in Udine (Italy) after the strong earthquake of magnitude Mw = 6.4 occurred in 1976 in the Italian Friuli-Venezia Giulia region...

The knowledge of the seismic history of its own territory, the understanding of physical phenomena in response to an earthquake, the changes in the cultural heritage following a strong earthquake, the learning of actions to be taken during and after an earthquake, are piece of information that contribute to keep focus on the seismic hazard and to i...

La presente relazione descrive l’attivit`a svolta nel 2012 dall’Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale–OGS per conto della Regione Veneto nell’ambito della Convenzione n. 24106 - DGR n. 3801 del 09/12/2009 relativa alla gestione della Rete Sismometrica del Veneto (RSV), allo studio della sismicit`a regionale ed alla ricerca...

ShakeMap package uses empirical ground motion prediction equations (GMPEs) to estimate the ground motion where recorded data are not available. The GMPEs, however, account only for average characteristics of source and wave propagation processes and the ground motion estimate can fail in the near-source area when few stations are available. In this...

We investigate the seismicity occurred in the Po area, in the period July 2011-June 1012, by means of moment tensor and we use our set of revised focal mechanisms - computed for M> 3.7 earthquakes - to evaluate Coulomb elastic stress changes in order to detect potential intermediate-distance faults interaction, and the main features of this complex...

Seismicity of North-East Italy demarcates the boundary between the Adria microplate and the Eurasian plate. It is characterized by a complex tectonic pattern, resulting from the superposition of several Cenozoic-age tectonic phases. The actual state of stress is a consequence of the Adria microplates progressive motion and its anti-clockwise rotati...

Geophysics) in Udine (Italy) after the strong earthquake of magnitude M=6.4 occurred in 1976 in the Italian Friuli-Venezia Giulia region, started to operate the Northeastern Italy Seismic Network: it currently consists of 15 very sensitive broad band and 21 simpler short period seismic stations, all telemetered to and acquired in real time at the O...

The ShakeMap software automatically generates maps of the peak ground motion parameters (shakemaps) and of instrumental intensity soon after an earthquake. Recorded data are fundamental to obtaining accurate results. In case observations are not available, ShakeMap relies on ground motion predictive equations, but due to unmodelled site conditions...

La presente relazione descrive l'attivit a svolta nel 2011 dall'Istituto Nazionale di Oceanogra fia e di Geofisica Sperimentale–OGS per conto della Regione Veneto nell'ambito della Convenzione n. 24106 - DGR n. 3801 del 09/12/2009 relativa alla gestione della Rete Sismometrica del Veneto (RSV), allo studio della sismicit a regionale ed alla ricerca...

The accurate prediction of the ground motion is of utmost importance in the seismic hazard assessment. 3D or 2D modelling is desirable to obtain realistic estimates of ground motion, but often the shortage of information about source and crustal structures compels us to adopt simplified techniques. In this paper we propose and test an expeditious m...

Recent moderate-sized earthquakes (M L ≤ 5:2) that occurred in northern Italy demonstrate that the currently available ground-motion prediction equations (GMPEs) largely underestimate shaking in the Po Plain region at hypocentral distances greater than 70 km. In order to investigate this phenomenon, we collected a set of peak ground acceleration (P...

The Centro di Ricerche Sismologiche (CRS, Seismological Research Center) of the Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale (OGS, Italian National Institute for Oceanography and Experimental Geophysics) in Udine (Italy) after the strong earthquake of magnitude Mw=6.4 occurred in 1976 in the Italian Friuli-Venezia Giulia region, sta...

After the 1976 Friuli earthquake (Ms = 6.5) in north-eastern Italy that caused about 1,000 casualties and widespread destruction in the Friuli area, the Italian government established the Centro di Ricerche Sismologiche (CRS). This is now a department of the Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale (OGS), and it is specificall...

Nella presente relazione si descrive l'attivit a svolta durante l'anno 2010 dall'Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale–OGS per conto della Direzione Regionale per la Protezione Civile (DRPC) della Regione Autonoma Friuli-Venezia Giulia (FVG) nell'ambito della Convenzione n. 58 del 19/02/2008 .

La presente relazione descrive l'attivit a svolta nel 2010 dall'Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale–OGS per conto della Regione Veneto nell'ambito della Convenzione n. 24106 - DGR n. 3801 del 09/12/2009 relativa alla gestione della Rete Sismometrica del Veneto (RSV), allo studio della sismicit a regionale ed alla ricerca...

Veneto Region - Management of seismic network, study of regional seismicity and seismological research for civil protection purposes

The Mt. Etna eruption of July 2001 was announced by severe seismic activity and by the opening of a 7-km-long zone of densely distributed fractures. The large amount of data collected gave a unique opportunity to study the magma migration process and to infer the position and geometry of the uprising dyke. Results from multidisciplinary approaches...

The Mt. Etna eruption of July 2001 was announced by a severe seismic activity (2645 earthquakes between 12 and 18 July) and by the opening of a 7 km long field of fractures. Results from multidisciplinary approaches suggest that the observed phenomenology was related to the rapid intrusion of a vertical dike located few km south of the summit regio...

The NI broadband seismic network is designed to monitor regional seismic activity of North East Italy and surroundings as well as to provide high quality data for various research projects in regional and global broadband seismology, like moment tensor determination. The network, grown during the last 30 years within local Civil Defence agencies an...