Angela Rivellese

• University of Naples Federico II

Background: Endothelial dysfunction is recognized as an early modification involved in the pathogenesis of vascular diseases. Evidence suggests that the Mediterranean Diet (MD) is associated with endothelial function improvement and, in turn, plays an important role in atherosclerosis development and progression. Objectives: To evaluate both acute...

Purpose Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) may have distinctive pathophysiological features in type 1 diabetes (T1D). We evaluated the independent role of blood glucose control on MASLD in T1D. Methods In a cross-sectional study on 659 T1D adult patients, MASLD was assessed by the Fatty Liver Index (FLI) and the Hepat...

Aim To explore intraindividual (between-meals) and interindividual (between-subjects) variability of postprandial glucose response (PGR) in type 1 diabetes (T1DM). Methods Data from five cross-over trials in 61 subjects with T1DM on insulin pump wherein the effects of different dietary components or the intraindividual-variability of PGR to the sa...

Background & aims: Dietary polyphenols have beneficial effects on glucose/lipid metabolism in subjects at high risk to develop type 2 diabetes; however, the underlying mechanisms are not clear. We aimed to evaluate: 1) the acute effects of the consumption of a drink rich in polyphenols from red grape pomace (RGPD) on glucose/insulin and triglyceri...

When this paper was first published, there was an error in the decimal points for some figures in Table 4. The last two rows of Table 4 are printed correctly below:[table presented]

Background: Bariatric surgery (BS) is known to favorably impact fasting lipid profile. Fasting and postprandial lipids were evaluated before and 2 years after BS in obese type 2 diabetic (T2DM) patients. Methods: A prospective study was conducted in 19 obese T2DM patients: ten undergoing sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and nine undergoing Roux-en-Y gast...

Background and aims: The role of the different factors associated with fatty liver is still poorly defined. We evaluated the relationships between liver fat content (LF) and metabolic, inflammatory and nutritional factors in a homogeneous cohort of individuals at high cardio-metabolic risk. Methods and results: In 70 individuals with high waist...

Background and aim: To evaluate the combined contribution of UCP3-55CT and PPARγ2 Pro12Ala polymorphisms as correlates of BMI, energy expenditure (REE) and substrate oxidation in people with type 2 diabetes. Methods and results: Two independent population with type 2 diabetes were studied: population A, n = 272; population B, n = 269. Based on b...

Objectives: Dietary polyphenols (PP) are associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes. Abnormalities of glucose and lipid metabolism, and increased oxidation are well-known risk factors for these diseases that may be affected by diet. Therefore, we carried out a randomized controlled study (NCT 01154478) that evaluates...

The optimal macronutrient composition of the diet for the management of type 2 diabetes is debated, particularly with regard to the ideal proportion of fat and carbohydrates. The aim of the study was to explore the association of different proportions of fat and carbohydrates of the diet-within the ranges recommended by different guidelines-with me...

Background: Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of many conditions, including insulin resistance and obesity. However, in vivo data concerning these relationships are scarce and conflicting. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the association of oxidative stress with abdominal adiposity and insulin resistance i...

To evaluate feasibility and effectiveness on short-term blood glucose control of using glycaemic load counting (GLC) versus carbohydrate counting (CC) for prandial insulin dosing in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Nine T1D patients on insulin pump, aged 26-58 years, HbA1c 7.7 ± 0.8 % (61 ± 8.7 mmol/mol), participated in this real-life setting...

Mounting evidence supports the hypothesis that functional foods containing physiologically-active components may be healthful. Longitudinal cohort studies have shown that some food classes and dietary patterns are beneficial in primary prevention, and this has led to the identification of putative functional foods. This field, however, is at its ve...

Scope: Dysregulation of lipid homeostasis is related to multiple major healthcare problems. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of n-3 fatty acid (FA) and polyphenol rich diets on plasma and HDL fraction lipidomic profiles in subjects at high cardiovascular risk. Methods and results: Ultra performance LC coupled to quadrupole TO...

Until recently, very few intervention studies have investigated the effects of whole-grain cereals on postprandial glucose, insulin and lipid metabolism, and the existing studies have provided mixed results. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a 12-week intervention with either a whole-grain-based or a refined cereal-based di...

Background Until recently, very few intervention studies have investigated the effects of whole-grain cereals on postprandial glucose, insulin and lipid metabolism, and the existing studies have provided mixed results. Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a 12-week intervention with either a whole-grain-based or a r...

Bariatric surgery (BS) is able to positively influence fasting lipid profile in obese type 2 diabetic patients (T2DM), but no data is available on the impact of BS on postprandial lipid metabolism neither on its relation with incretin hormones. We evaluated the short-term (2 weeks) effects of BS on fasting and postprandial lipid metabolism in obese...

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of a supervised physical training added to a healthy diet-rich in either carbohydrate and fibre (CHO/fibre) or monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA)-on postprandial dyslipidaemia, an independent cardiovascular risk factor particularly relevant in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Participants were forty-five overw...

Diabetes mellitus and hyperglycaemia are both independent risk factors (RF) for cardiovascular (CV) events and increased general and CV mortality. Type 2 diabetes, which is often associated with obesity, hypertension and dyslipidaemia, is accompanied by an up to fourfold increase in the incidence of acute coronary heart disease compared to normogly...

Background: Previous association studies of the -55CT polymorphism of the uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) gene with body mass index (BMI) have provided inconsistent results. The study aim is twofold: (1) to evaluate the association of the -55CT polymorphism of UCP3 with BMI in two independent populations to verify the reproducibility of the finding; (...

Despite all efforts, nutritional guidelines for people with diabetes are still not widely applied in clinical practice. Among the various possible reasons, there is the fact that eating habits are greatly influenced by local traditions. We investigated the dietary habits of diabetic patients from Northern, Central and Southern Italy, to see to what...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of an intensive, multifactorial cardiovascular risk reduction intervention in a clinic-based setting. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The study was a pragmatic, cluster randomized trial, with the diabetes clinic as the unit of randomization. Clinics were randomly assigned to either continue their...

The Look AHEAD trial, evaluating the effects of weight loss on cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality in overweight/obese people with type 2 diabetes (T2D), was interrupted after a median 9.5-year follow-up because the incidence of CV events was not different between the Intensive Lifestyle Intervention (ILI) and the control groups, and unlike...

Oxidative stress (OS) - defined as the imbalance between free radical production and antioxidant defences - is a condition associated with chronic-degenerative disease, such as cancer, metabolic and disease cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Several studies have shown that diet and some of its components could influence the intensity of OS damage. The...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Metformin is the first-line therapy in type 2 diabetes. In patients inadequately controlled with metformin, the addition of a sulfonylurea or pioglitazone are equally plausible options to improve glycemic control. However, these drugs have profound differences in their mechanism of action, side effects, and impact on cardiovasc...

Background and aims: Metformin is the first-line therapy in type 2 diabetes. In patients inadequately controlled with metformin, the addition of a sulfonylurea or pioglitazone are equally plausible options to improve glycemic control. However, these drugs have profound differences in their mechanism of action, side effects, and impact on cardiovas...

Postprandial glucose, together with related hyperinsulinemia and lipidaemia, has been implicated in the development of chronic metabolic diseases like obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). In this review, available evidence is discussed on postprandial glucose in relation to body weight control, the development...

In view of the high incidence of macrovascular diseases in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and microalbuminuria, the study evaluates the association of microalbuminuria with fasting plasma Apo B48 levels, a marker of the residual presence of intestinally derived TRLs lipoproteins, thought to be highly atherogenic. We studied 50 patients with...

Background and aims: The study explores the degree of control of hyperglycaemia and cardiovascular (CV) disease risk factors in men and women with type 2 diabetes and the impact thereon of obesity, central adiposity, age and use of medications. Methods and results: A cross-sectional survey was conducted at 10 hospital-based outpatients diabetes...

The consumption of foods containing trans fatty acids (TFA), especially those produced by food industries, induces pleiotropic negative effects on health. Therefore, it is important to assess the amount of TFA consumed, especially in age groups more exposed to the consumption of TFA-containing foods. The present pilot study evaluates TFA intake in...

The screening and best treatment for coronary heart disease in diabetic patients is still a matter of debate. For this reason the main Italian scientific societies dealing with diabetes and cardiovascular diseases have tried to finalize a document providing shared recommendations based on the available evidence on : 1) how and who to screen for cor...

The aim of the study was to evaluate whether two dietary approaches recommended for diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular prevention-high-MUFA or complex carbohydrates/fiber-differently influence inflammation. A 4-week crossover study in 12 individuals with type 2 diabetes was performed. Fasting and postprandial hs-CRP plasma levels were not signifi...

Eur J Clin Invest 2011; 41 (12): 1368

IntroductionFactors involved in a healthy vascular systemPathogenesis of cardiovascular diseaseRisk factors for cardiovascular diseaseDietary components and their effect on plasma lipidsDiet and blood pressureEffects of dietary factors on coagulation and fibrinolysisHomocysteineDiet and antioxidant functionInsulin sensitivityPerspectives on the fut...

To evaluate the impact of high-glycaemic index and low-glycaemic index meals on postprandial blood glucose in patients with Type 1 diabetes treated with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion. Sixteen patients with Type 1 diabetes under continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion treatment, age 36±0.5 years (mean±sem), HbA(1c) 7.6±0.2% (56±1.1 mmol/...

Obesity is associated with an altered GH/IGF-I axis status, accounting for the increased cardiovascular risk in obese subjects with GH deficiency. Aim of this randomized, simple-blind, cross-over study was to verify the effectiveness of a short-term treatment with orlistat in reducing non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) and influencing the endogenous...

Postprandial glycemic variability in type 2 diabetes: effects of dietary approach rich in fibre and with a low glycemic index The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects on glycemic variability of a diet rich in fibre compared to a diet rich in monounsaturated fat (MUFA) in type 2 diabetic patients. According to a randomized cross-over design,...

Women with diabetes have a high risk of cardiovascular disease that, almost completely eliminates the gender difference in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality between non-diabetic men and women. In this chapter we have reviewed data showing that cardiovascular risk factors are more common, more likely to cluster, or more severe in diabetic women...

Background. An association has been shown between cardiovascular diseases and inflammation. It is not known if and which dietary approach may influence inflammation, independently of weight reduction. Methods. The effects of recommended dietary approaches on fasting and postprandial C reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels were evaluated in 3 randomized...

The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic performance of ultrasound (US) in the quantitative assessment of steatosis by comparison with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS) as a reference standard. Three liver echo-intensity indices were derived: US hepatic mean gray level, hepatic-renal echo-intensity ratio (H/R), and hepa...

The intake of wholemeal foods is consistently associated with reduced risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases in epidemiological studies, although the mechanisms of this association are unclear. Here we aim to compare in healthy subjects the metabolic effects of a diet rich in wholemeal wheat foods versus one based on the same products...

Guidelines for cardiovascular prevention in diabetes have been issued by the national and international scientific societies. No audit as ever been performed to evaluate the implementation of these documents in clinical practice in Italy. The study evaluates the prevalence, treatment, and control of major cardiovascular risk factors in type 2 diabe...

Plasma leptin concentrations are positively correlated with measures of obesity, and leptin metabolism is interrelated with insulin secretion and action. However, data in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus are somewhat scarce and inconsistent. We have evaluated plasma leptin levels in type 2 diabetes in relation to obesity and insulin resistanc...

To clarify adherence of type II diabetic patients to dietary recommendations. The dietary habits of a group of 540 patients, with type II diabetes (male 322/female 218, mean age 61+/-5 years, body mass index (BMI) 29.7+/-5.2 kg/m(2); mean+/-s.d.) referring to six Italian diabetes centres were evaluated by means of a 3-day diet record (2 workdays, 1...

This review summarizes the most remarkable findings in relation to lipoprotein lipase (LPL), pointing out the important role that this enzyme plays in triglyceride-rich lipoproteins metabolism, such as chylomicrons and VLDL. We focus our attention mainly on adipose tissue LPL structure, synthesis and function, and mechanisms that influence LPL expr...

Nutrient determinants of postprandial triglyceride (TG) are matter of debate, especially for type II diabetes. This study was performed to evaluate the impact of dietary habits on postprandial TG response in a population-based sample of type II diabetic patients. One-hundred and forty type II diabetic patients (63 men/77 women, age 45-70 years) ref...

Post-prandial lipid abnormalities might contribute to the excess of cardiovascular risk typical of type 2 diabetic patients. The study evaluated the effects of atorvastatin (20 mg d(-1)) vs. fenofibrate (200 mg d(-1)) on post-prandial lipids in type 2 diabetic patients with mixed hyperlipidaemia. Eight type 2 diabetic patients, male/female (M/F) 6/...

Diabetes mellitus is commonly associated with both microvascular and macrovascular complications (coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular events, severe peripheral vascular disease, nephropathy and retinopathy). Many hypothesis have been made to explain the physiopathological mechanism by which diabetes is associated with an increased incidence of...

(n-3) Fatty acids are unsaturated and are therefore easily subject to oxidization; however, they have several beneficial health effects, which include protection against cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate whether (n-3) fatty acids, with a controlled fat quality in the background diet, affect nonenzymatic and enzymatic...

There is some evidence that acute hyperglycemia (H) may cause vascular dysfunction in normal subjects. This study investigates whether acute, short-term H affects coronary vasodilatory function in healthy subjects. Diastolic peak flow velocity in the left anterior descending coronary artery was measured at rest and after dipyridamole (0.56 mg/kg ov...

Diabetic foot ulcerations are multifactorial and are known for their slow healing rate and resistance to treatment. Autologous platelet gel is a product whose effectiveness in the treatment of diabetic ulcers has not been tested in controlled studies. We report a controlled observation on the effectiveness of autologous platelet gel in addition to...

Various surrogate methods for the quantification of insulin sensitivity have been proposed. A comparative evaluation is lacking and is relevant for the standardization of investigative methods and comparability of results. The aims of the study were to perform a comparative validation of fasting insulin, homeostasis model assessment (HOMA), Quantit...

Postprandial lipaemia is considered an emerging risk factor for cardiovascular disease also in the Type 2 diabetic population. However, little information exists on the daily triglyceride profile of these patients, especially during everyday life. The aim of the study was to evaluate the daily triglyceride profile of Type 2 diabetic patients during...

Insulin resistance is the pathogenetic link underlying the different metabolic abnormalities clustering in the metabolic syndrome. It can be induced by different environmental factors, including dietary habits. Consumption of energy-dense/high fat diets is strongly and positively associated with overweight that, in turn, deteriorates insulin sensit...

Patients with diabetes often present with abnormal lipid profiles because insulin regulates several of the steps of lipid metabolism. Patients with type 1 diabetes that exhibit effective glycaemic control do not have quantitative lipoprotein abnormalities, but may exhibit qualitative abnormalities, mainly an increase in smaller, more atherogenic ve...

The intake of 10 g/day of short-chain-fructo-oligosaccharides (sc-FOS) has been shown to increase significantly bifidus counts and to produce high amounts of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), presumed to influence glucose and lipid metabolism. To evaluate the effects of moderate intake of sc-FOS on glucose and lipid metabolism in individuals with mil...

Self-monitoring of plasma triglycerides (TG) may be a very useful tool to monitor, on a daily basis, the TG responses to different nutrients, particularly carbohydrates (CHO) and fat, whose influence on postprandial TG levels is not very well known. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the TG response of hypertriglyceridemic pati...

To evaluate whether postprandial abnormalities of energy expenditure and/or lipid oxidation are present in healthy, normal-weight subjects with a strong family history of obesity and thus at high risk to become obese. Case-control study. A total of 16 young healthy men participated in the study. Eight subjects had both parents overweight (father's...

To evaluate the effects on postprandial lipemia (PPL), of three fat rich meals, with similar composition but different physical structure (liquid, semisolid and solid). Eight type 2 diabetic patients of both genders (6M/2F), age 51+/-9 yrs (M+/-SD), BMI 29+/-3 kg/m2, with fasting plasma glucose levels 145+/-24 mg/dL, cholesterol 200+/-38 mg/dL and...

Epidemiological evidence and intervention studies clearly indicate that the quality of dietary fat influences insulin sensitivity in humans, in particular, saturated fat worsens it, while monounsaturated and omega-6 polyunsaturated fats improve it. Long chain omega-3 fatty acids do not seem to have any effect on insulin sensitivity, at least in hum...

In 1994 the Group for Diabetes Lipoprotein and Atherosclerosis of the Italian Society of Diabetology formulated specific guidelines for the evaluation and reduction of cardiovascular risk in diabetic patients. The aim of our study was to evaluate the level of implementation of these guidelines in Campania, an Italian Region. The 22 diabetes outpati...

The amount and quality of fat in the diet could be of importance for development of insulin resistance and related metabolic disorders. Our aim was to determine whether a change in dietary fat quality alone could alter insulin action in humans. The KANWU study included 162 healthy subjects chosen at random to receive a controlled, isoenergetic diet...

The present study was aimed at evaluating in patients with type 2 diabetes: (1) the glycaemic response to four starchy foods based on wheat, typical of the Italian diet; (2) the importance of some food characteristics in relation to their effects on postprandial glucose response. Seventeen patients with type 2 diabetes (eleven men and six women) pa...

Subtle abnormalities of very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) composition and distribution seem to be associated with increased cardiovascular risk. The aims of this study were first, to evaluate whether hyperinsulinaemia per se is able to produce VLDL abnormalities and second, whether this occurs through a stimulation of lipolytic enzymes. Eight nor...

Homocysteine is involved in a complex and dynamic system of vascular injury and repair and may thus contribute to the development of diabetic microangiopathy. This still debated issue has important scientific and clinical implications, since hyperhomocysteinemia can be corrected nutritionally. 1) To evaluate the association between fasting plasma h...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of sc insulin (INS) compared with sulfonylurea (SUL) therapy, at the same level of blood glucose control, on the low density lipoprotein (LDL) subfraction profile in normolipidemic type 2 diabetic patients. Nine normolipidemic type 2 diabetic men (age, 56+/-3 yr; body mass index, 26.5+/-0.9 kg/m2; me...