Angela Ralli

• Doctor of Philosophy
• Professor (Full) at University of Patras

This volume comprises a selection of papers that were presented at the 24th International Conference on Historical Linguistics (ICHL24), which took place at the Australian National University (ANU) in Canberra from 1-5 July, 2019. The volume’s aim is to reflect the breadth of research presented at the conference, with each chapter representative of...

This article deals with left-headedness in compounding in some dialectal varieties of Greek, a language which is predominantly right-headed. On the basis of data stored in DComp, a dialectal database of the University of Patras containing 17,019 entries, I claim that left-headedness has resulted from the interplay of endogenous and exogenous factor...

In this paper, we examine Modern Greek adjectives with the negative prefix α- [a] (also called alpha privative) which are derived from nouns. These formations display formal and semantic properties that cannot be attributed to any overt element of the structure. Following a bottom-up approach, we revisit the question of whether zero morphemes are u...

There was an error in the original publication (Ralli and Rouvalis 2022) [...]

This article deals with lexical borrowing and the morphological integration of loan words in Kaliardá, a Greek-based antilanguage, spoken in the urban areas of Greece by socially marginalized communities of cross-dressers, transgender people, and gay men. It is shown that the accommodation of most loans follows the general rules of Modern Greek mor...

The present paper is a contribution to the study of a new Modern Greek variety that is spoken in Canada by first-generation immigrants who arrived in this country between 1945 and 1975. This variety displays features originating from: (a) A Common Modern Greek spoken in Greece around the middle of the 20th century, (b) mutually intelligible charact...

In this paper, I deal with verb borrowing in a language-contact situation involving Greek as target and Romance and Turkish as source languages. More particularly, I discuss the reasons and techniques that make verbs of typologically and genetically different languages to be accommodated in a uniform way within the same linguistic system, and verbs...

This paper deals with issues of matter and pattern borrowing as applied to compound formations in four Asia Minor Greek varieties, Aivaliot, Cappadocian, Pharasiot and Pontic, which have been in contact with the typologically and genetically different Turkish. While Pharasiot has been impoverished of Greek-based compound structures due to an extens...

This paper investigates loan verbs in Modern Greek dialects, the typology of their accommodation strategies and the factors governing their use and distribution. More precisely, it examines how verbs from typologically different languages are integrated in a variety of systems of the same recipient language, that is Modern Greek, and what the const...

Compounds are generally distinguished into those which involve a dependency (subordinate and attributive) relation of one constituent upon the other and those where there is coordination, for which there is much controversy on delimiting the exact borders. This article offers an overview of compounds belonging to the second type, for which the term...

and Keywords In the course of its long history, Greek has experienced a particularly multifarious and profound contact with Romance, in a wide geographical area that spreads from western to eastern Europe and also covers part of the once Hellenophone Asia Minor. The beginning of this contact is difficult to delimit given that the ancestor languages...

Greek is an independent branch of the Indo-European family. Nowadays, it consists of several varieties which are spoken in the modern world-both inside and outside Greece-by a total of approximately 14-15 million people. For the purposes of this contribution, we will use the term Greek to refer to Standard Modern Greek in general, while special ter...

This article aims to test the general validity of borrowability scales by investigating contrastively two contact induced linguistic varieties of Greek. It tries to elucidate the factors that facilitate or inhibit the borrowability of free grammatical elements, which are usually considered as less amenable to transfer. It argues against the formula...

Morphology of Asia Minor Greek, Aivaliot dialect

Mελέτες για την ελληνική γλώσσα 40: 391-403. 2020 ΑΓΓΕΛΙΚΗ ΡΑΛΛΗ, ΓΕΩΡΓΙΟΣ ΧΑΙΡΕΤΑΚΗΣ & ΧΑΡΑΛΑΜΠΟΣ ΤΣΙΜΠΟΥΡΗΣ Καταγραφή, ανάλυση και ψηφιοποίηση των διαλεκτικών συνθέτων της νέας ελληνικής µε τη χρήση της ψηφιακής βάσης δεδοµένων ΔΙΑΣΥΝ Abstract In this paper, we present a digital database that has been developed in the framework of the research pr...

The chapter examines borrowing and integration of nouns in the language spoken by Greek immigrants in Canada, where English is the donor language and Greek the recipient. It deals with the questions whether the typological distance between the English and the Greek, where the former is analytic and the latter fusional is an inhibitor for borrowing...

Immigration Speech, Greek immigrants in Canada

Contact in compounding

Morphology and contact in South Italian Greek

In this paper, I deal with verb borrowing in a language-contact situation involving Greek as target and Romance and Turkish as source languages. More particularly, I discuss the reasons and techniques that make verbs of typologically and genetically different languages to be accommodated in a uniform way within the same linguistic system, and verbs...

The aim of the paper is to present the electronic linguistic atlas of the Aegean island of Lesbos, the first and only electronic linguistic atlas in Greece, the implementation of which has been carried out within the framework of a research program funded by the General Secretariat for the Aegean and Island Policy (2010-2015). The linguistic atlas...

This paper deals with loan nouns in two Modern Greek dialects, Heptanesian and Pontic, which have been affected by Romance and Turkish, respectively. It claims that the morphology of the recipient language proves to be of paramount importance for the integration of borrowed words. More specifically, it shows that the adaptation of Romance nouns in...

When a new name is necessary for a concept, word formation and borrowing are possible ways to produce one. As such, they are in competition for the creation of neologisms. However, borrowings can also interact with existing word formation rules. The reanalysis of a borrowing can result in its attribution to an existing word formation rule. The rean...

This article investigates the presence of intermediate morphological categories between stems and affixes, the so-called 'affixoids' (prefixoids and suffixoids) in a number of Modern Greek varieties. It argues that affixoids can exist as an independent morphological category in morphologically rich languages, such as Modern Greek, on condition that...

This paper addresses the dialectal variation, distribution and evolution of Modern Greek present perfect A structures, which belong to four types. Data mapping reveals that present perfect A first appeared in the northern part of the Greek speaking area of Balkans (Macedonia and Epirus) in late 17th century. Considering relevant structures from nei...

This article aims to test the general validity of borrowability scales by investigating contrastively two contact induced linguistic varieties of Greek. It tries to elucidate the factors that facilitate or inhibit the borrowability of free grammatical elements, which are usually considered as less amenable to transfer. It argues against the formula...

Στο συγκεκριμένο άρθρο εξετάζεται η μορφή και η λειτουργία του Υπερσυντέλικου στις νεοελληνικές διαλέκτους. Όσον αφορά τη μορφή του συγκεκριμένου χρόνου, τα δεδομένα υποδεικνύουν την ύπαρξη δομών που προέκυψαν μέσω μορφολογοποίησης (Joseph, 2003) από μια ελληνιστική/μεσαιωνική αντιγεγονοτική περίφραση της μορφής ΕΙΧΑ+απαρέμφατο, επιβεβαιώνοντας τη...

This paper investigates the realization of the unaccented syllabic augment (SA) in the speech of Greeks who emigrated to Canada from 1945 to 1975. The dataset was constructed from recorded interviews with 131 speakers from Calgary, Edmonton, Toronto, Vancouver, Victoria, Regina and Montreal as part of the ImmiGrec project (https://immigrec.com/en)....

Variation in synchrony

Αντικείμενο του συγκεκριμένου άρθρου είναι η ποικιλία των καταλήξεων του νεοελληνικού Παρατατικού στον λόγο Ελλήνων μεταναστών πρώτης γενιάς στον Καναδά. Τα γλωσσικά δεδομένα προέρχονται από ένα υλικό προφορικού λόγου 200 περίπου ωρών συνεντεύξεων, που συνελέγησαν κατά το 2017 και 2018 από 116 άτομα, στο πλαίσιο του προγράμματος “Immigration and La...

This paper investigates the realization of the unaccented syllabic augment (SA) in the speech of Greeks who emigrated to Canada from 1945 to 1975. The dataset was constructed from recorded interviews with 131 speakers from Calgary, Edmonton, Toronto, Vancouver, Victoria, Regina and Montreal as part of the ImmiGrec project (https://immigrec.com/en)....

Τhis article deals with a variety of inflectional suffixes characterizing the paradigm of Greek imperfect tense, as is shown in the speech of first-generation Greek immigrants in Canada. On the basis of oral corpora collected across Canada, it is demonstrated that the immigrants, in their vast majority, continue to use a number of dialectal feature...

This article presents the design of a first version of the digital museum developed within the research project "Immigration and Language in Canada. Greeks and Greek-Canadians", funded by the Stavros Niarchos Foundation and involving research teams from four universities (University of Patras, McGill, York and SFU). The museum deals with the first-...

Morphology, the science of words, is a complex theoretical landscape, where a multitude of frameworks, each with their own tenets and formalism, compete for the explanation of linguistic facts. The Oxford Handbook of Morphological Theory is a comprehensive guide through this jungle of morphological theories. It provides a rich and up-to-date overvi...

The aim of our study is to examine the multiple ways Greek immigrants position themselves in terms of cultural identity. Recent approaches to immigrants’ cultural identities tend to employ the concept of transnationalism to account for their hybridity and fluidity. Here, we intend to show that Georg Simmel’s ([1908] 1971) notion of the stranger is...

Greek dialects of Asia Minor are considered as ideal case studies on the elucidation of the evolution of the Greek language as well on different phenomena of language contact, due to their longtime contact with the Turkish language and their relative isolation from the other Greek dialects. In fact, the dialects in question constitute a rich cultur...

Based on structural similarities between compound structures in Pharasiot Greek (PhG), an Asia Minor Greek variety once spoken in Turkey, and in Turkish, we claim that PhG compounding is selectively copied from Turkish. The compound marker role in PhG is assumed by what are originally genitive suffixes by identification of the genitive with the Tur...

Το συγκεκριμένο άρθρο αποτελεί μια συμβολή στην ετυμολογία στο πλαίσιο της διαλεκτικής λεξικογραφίας έτσι όπως αυτή πραγματώθηκε μέσα από τον σχεδιασμό και τη σύνταξη (του ετυμολογικού τμήματος) του έντυπου Λεξικού της διαλεκτικής ποικιλίας των Κυδωνιών, Μοσχονησίων και Βορειο-ανατολικής Λέσβου και του τρια-διαλεκτικού διαδικτυακού λεξικού για τις...

Η σύνταξη λεξικών για την πρότυπη γλώσσα, μολονότι αποτελεί μια εξαιρετικά επίπονη και χρονοβόρα διαδικασία, ακολουθεί σε μεγάλο βαθμό παγιωμένες αρχές και πρακτικές της λεξικογραφικής έρευνας. Αντίθετα, η σύνταξη (δια-)διαλεκτικών λεξικών αποτελεί ένα εξαιρετικά καινοτόμο εγχείρημα, καθώς σημαντικά ζητήματα που αφορούν τόσο το χαρακτήρα όσο και τη...

Στην παρούσα μελέτη, η οποία αποτελεί μέρος του προγράμματος «AMIGRE-Πόντος, Καππαδοκία, Αϊβαλί: στα χνάρια της Μικρασιάτικης Ελληνικής Γλώσσας», παρουσιάζεται η επισημείωση ενός διαλεκτικού σώματος αρχείων που διαφέρει από τα υπόλοιπα στα δύο ακόλουθα βασικά σημεία. Γίνεται συστηματοποιημένη προσπάθεια επισημείωσης με κοινή στρατηγική σε γραπτά κα...

In this paper, we discuss issues concerning the computational processing of oral data in a unified framework for the exploitation of oral and written dialectal corpora. We describe the analysis and design of a multimedia database and software for storing and retrieving dialectal data, focusing on the subsystem of oral resources from three Greek dia...

This article deals with word-formation in the diachrony of the Greek language. It provides a basic description of the structure, the properties and the evolution of affixal derivation (prefixation and suffixation) as well as compounding, while there are hints about the evolution of formations created by processes such as ablaut, backformation and r...

In this paper, we compare Modern Greek nominal compounds to their Turkish counterparts and reveal that Modern Greek nominal compounds under investigation are morphological while Turkish ones are syntactically built. Based on this, we offer an explanation for the availability of phrasal compounds in Turkish but not in Modern Greek: phrase-level item...

This paper offers a detailed investigation of bahuvrihi compounds in Greek with a focus on their form and semantics. First, we present a classification of bahuvrihis according to the lexical category of the compound structure and the lexical category of the compound members and we provide examples of the rarest attested type, that is, verbal bahuvr...

In this study, we examine the borrowability of various lexical elements in environments of intensive language contact. To this end, we investigate lexical borrowing in two varieties of Greek; the first (Griko) is in intensive language contact with the (semi-)fussionl Italo-Romance, and the second (Cappadocian) with the agglutinative Turkish. We pro...

Πολλές από τις διαλέκτους και ιδιώματα της Κοινής Νέας Ελληνικής ομιλούνται στην καθημερινή ζωή, ενώ κάποιες από αυτές χρησιμοποιούνται από συγκεκριμένες ομάδες – κυρίως ατόμων της τρίτης ηλικίας και κινδυνεύουν να εξαφανιστούν. Αυτές οι διάλεκτοι διαφέρουν σε φωνολογικό, μορφολογικό και σημασιολογικό επίπεδο. Λιγοστά ερευνητικά κέντρα συμμετέχουν...

This paper presents an attempt to process neoclassical compounds (NCs) in Modern Greek (MG) and English with the use of finite-state methods. Our approach is based on a theoretical background that applies to both languages and assumes that Modern Greek compounding has affected the formation of NCs in English. The processing system is proposed to be...

In this paper, we deal with the problem of storing and retrieving dialectal data in a unified framework. In particular, we discuss issues concerning the design and implementation of a multimedia database which will contain written and oral data from three Greek dialects in Asia Minor. At first, we describe the overall architecture of a system aimin...

In this paper, we discuss issues concerning the computational aspect of an on-going research project which aims at providing a systematic study of three Greek dialects of Asia Minor (“Pontus, Cappadocia, Aivali: In search of Asia Minor Greek”- AmiGre) In fact, the project constitutes the first attempt to describe dialectal phenomena at a phonologic...

This article deals with the locus of realization and the grammatical nature of compounds. First, it suggests that a proper delineation of compounding should be given on formal grounds and that an approach relying on pure semantics is misleading. Second, it proposes that the diversity of views for defining compounding and the variety of theoretical...

This paper deals with the problem of designing and implementing a multimedia electronic dictionary of three Greek dialects in Asia Minor (Pontic, Cappadocian, Aivaliot). At first, we present the linguistic and lexicographic approach adopted, as well as the principles for designing the macro/microstructure of the dictionary. Next, we present and des...

Chapter 3 examines the various grammatical categories of compounds, that is nouns, adjectives and verbs, and supporting evidence is provided for each category. It shows that Greek is particularly rich in compound formations, even in verbal compounds which are either absent or rare in other European languages. Adverbial compounds do not belong to pr...

Chapter 10 explores formations consisting of one stem and one bound element. First, it is argued that the bound element is a deverbal noun stem; thus, the structures containing it are deverbal compounds. However, contrary to other stems, bound stems do not become free units (i.e. words) when they are combined with the appropriate inflectional affix...

Chapter 8 provides evidence that Greek coordinative compounds are formed productively and worth to examine with respect to the issues regarding headedness and grammatical structure. Coordinative compounds resemble headed formations as far as their inflection is concerned, but at the same time, they diverge with respect to a number of properties. Fo...

The focus of Chap. 2 is to define Greek compounding on the basis of phonological, structural and semantic criteria. The main characteristics of Greek compounds are discussed, and a demarcation line is traced between them and phrases. It is shown that Greek compounds bear only one stress, and their structure involves morphologically proper entities,...

The relation of compounding with derivation on the one hand and inflection on the other has been a challenging topic with consequences for the architecture of grammar. In Chap. 11, it is proposed that there is no radical separation line between derivation and compounding, and thus, if derivation is to be treated within morphology, compounding shoul...

Chapter 12 examines certain nominal multi-word units of the domain of scientific terminology, whose behaviour is similar to that of compounds in many respects. It is demonstrated that these formations are distinct from both ordinary one-word compounds and ordinary noun phrases and may be classified into three types, depending on their morphological...

The structure of Greek compounds is discussed in Chap. 5. First, it is argued that compounds are created according to four structural patterns: [stem-stem], [stem-word], [word-stem] and [word-word], the first two being the most frequent patterns. The choice of a specific structure is based on two criteria: The form of the rightward inflectional suf...

Compounding (or composition) is a word-formation process. It deals with lexemes or, in a more structural perspective, with stems and words, the combination of which leads to morphologically complex formations, the so-called compounds.

The form of compounds and their constituents are examined in Chap. 7. It is argued that constraints, allomorphy and lexically specified features have a central role in the development of compound structures. The so-called bare-stem constraint is responsible for hiding the overt realisation of compound-internal derivational suffixes, while another o...

Chapter 4 deals with one of the major characteristics of Greek compounds, the compulsory existence of a linking vowel -o- between the first and the second constituent. It is argued that its presence is phonologically conditioned since it is absent when the second constituent begins with a vowel higher on the sonority hierarchy. However, it is also...

Chapter 9 deals with a particularly rich category of compounds, those with a verbal or a deverbal constituent. Special attention is given to structures combining a verb and a noun ([V N], [N V]) as well as to those where a verb is preceded by an adverb ([Adv V]). It is argued that [V N] compounds belong to exocentric formations, are inherited from...

Headedness and grammatical relations holding between the compound constituents are explored in Chap. 6. It is argued that compounds can be distinguished into two major categories, depending on whether their constituents are in a dependency or a coordinative relation, while compounds of the first category are further subdivided in subordinate and at...

One of the core challenges in linguistics is elucidating compounds—their formation as well as the reasons their structure varies between languages. This book on Modern Greek rises to the challenge with a meticulous treatment of its diverse, intricate compounds, a study as grounded in theory as it is rich in data. Enhancing our knowledge of compound...