Andy Fraass

Andy Fraass
University of Victoria | UVIC · School of Earth and Ocean Sciences

Ph.D.

About

53
Publications
12,379
Reads
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613
Citations
Additional affiliations
March 2012 - April 2012
IODP Expedition 340: Lesser Antilles Volcanism and Landslides
Position
  • Planktic Foram Biostratigraphy
August 2009 - December 2015
University of Massachusetts Amherst
Position
  • Research Associate
August 2007 - May 2009
University of Wisconsin–Madison
Position
  • Masters Research

Publications

Publications (53)
Article
Foraminifera are the backbone of paleoceanography. Planktic foraminifera are one of the leading tools for reconstructing water column structure. However, there are unconstrained variables when dealing with uncertainty in the reproducibility of oxygen isotope measurements. This study presents the first results from a simple model of foraminiferal ca...
Article
Full-text available
Site U1396 was piston cored as a part of Integrated Ocean Drilling Project Expedition 340 to establish a long record for Lesser Antilles volcanism. A ∼150 m sediment succession was recovered from three holes on a bathymetric high ∼33 km southwest of Montserrat. A series of shipboard and newly-generated chronostratigraphic tools (biostratigraphy, ma...
Article
Planktic foraminifera are an abundant component of deep-sea sediment and are critical to geohistorical research, primarily because as a biological and geochemical system they are sensitive to coupled bio-hydro-lithosphere interactions. They are also well sampled and studied throughout their evolutionary history. Here, we combine a synoptic global c...
Article
Full-text available
Understanding the links between long-term biological evolution, the ocean-atmosphere system and plate tectonics is a central goal of Earth science. Although environmental perturbations of many different kinds are known to have affected long-term biological evolution, particularly during major mass extinction events, the relative importance of physi...
Article
Full-text available
Marine sediments around volcanic islands contain an archive of volcaniclastic deposits, which can be used to reconstruct the volcanic history of an area. Such records hold many advantages over often incomplete terrestrial data sets. This includes the potential for precise and continuous dating of intervening sediment packages, which allow a correla...
Article
Full-text available
In palaeontological studies, groups with consistent ecological and morphological traits across a clade’s history (functional groups)¹ afford different perspectives on biodiversity dynamics than do species and genera2,3, which are evolutionarily ephemeral. Here we analyse Triton, a global dataset of Cenozoic macroperforate planktonic foraminiferal o...
Article
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For over 50 years, cores recovered from ocean basins have generated fossil, lithologic, and chemical archives that have revolutionized fields within the earth sciences. Although scientific ocean drilling (SOD) data are openly available following each expedition, the formats for these data are heterogeneous. Furthermore, lithological, chronological,...
Article
Full-text available
The geographic ranges of marine organisms, including planktonic foraminifera¹, diatoms, dinoflagellates², copepods³ and fish⁴, are shifting polewards owing to anthropogenic climate change⁵. However, the extent to which species will move and whether these poleward range shifts represent precursor signals that lead to extinction is unclear⁶. Understa...
Preprint
What controls the macroevolutionary history of a group: biological interactions (the \say{Red Queen}) or abiotic circumstances like climate, volcanism, or bolide impacts (the \say{Court Jester})? Planktic foraminifera are a small group of single celled marine eukaryotes. They have one of the best fossil records of any group, resolvable to the speci...
Article
Full-text available
Microfossils have a ubiquitous and well‐studied fossil record with temporally and spatially fluctuating diversity, but how this arises and how major events affect speciation and extinction is uncertain. We present one of the first applications of PyRate to a micropalaeontological global occurrence dataset, reconstructing diversification rates withi...
Article
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The Kuroshio Current Extension (KCE) is the major western boundary current of the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. To better understand how the KCE behaved under elevated CO2 conditions and how it came into its modern configuration, we use stable isotopic analyses from mixed‐layer planktic foraminifera from three Ocean Drilling Program sites that li...
Article
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The Oligocene (33.9–23.0 Ma) has historically proven to be a difficult interval to examine with respect to planktic foraminifera; the tendency for many of the taxa to be basically globigerine in shape, with 4 or 5 chambers in the final whorl means differences between species are limited. Recently, an international working group has attempted to cla...
Article
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Continuous sedimentary records of paleomagnetic directional variability and relative paleointensity (RPI) provide valuable information on the evolution of the geodynamo while also facilitating stratigraphic correlation and age control. While the Quaternary RPI record has received much attention, Pliocene records are relatively rare. Here, a u‐chann...
Article
Full-text available
Severe climatic and environmental changes are far more prevalent in Earth history than major extinction events, and the relationship between environmental change and extinction severity has important implications for the outcome of the ongoing anthropogenic extinction event. The response of mineralized marine plankton to environmental change offers...
Article
Full-text available
The Oligocene-Miocene Transition (OMT) was a time of significant oceanic, climatic, and biotic change, but there is still a great deal we do not understand about its effects, particularly in terms of ocean circulation. The Central American Seaway (CAS) was an important ocean gateway at this time; recent fully coupled modeling results have suggested...
Preprint
Full-text available
Severe climatic and environmental changes are far more prevalent in Earth history than major extinction events, and the relationship between environmental change and extinction severity has important implications for the outcome of the ongoing anthropogenic extinction event. The response of fossilizing marine plankton to environmental change offers...
Article
Full-text available
Highly resolved palaeontological records can address a key question about our current climate crisis: how long will it be before the biosphere rebounds from our actions? There are many ways to conceptualize the recovery of the biosphere; here, we focus on the global recovery of species diversity. Mass extinction may be expected to be followed by ra...
Article
Full-text available
Climate change and evolution are topics at the forefront of political discussions, debates, and the public sphere. Regardless of evidence on both topics, the public as a whole still believes they are under debate. It is imperative that the public have access to correct and easy-to-digest information on these topics to make informed environmental an...
Article
The Oligocene-Miocene Transition (OMT) is an important interval in Earth's history, with substantial changes in Antarctic ice volume and mean temperature. The OMTis complicated in paleoclimatology, chronostratigraphy, and terminology, and there is a need for additional sites outside of the tropic/subtropics or Atlantic Basin to better understand th...
Preprint
Highly resolved paleontological records can address a key question about our current climate crisis: How long until the biosphere rebounds from our actions? Mass extinction may be expected to be followed by rapid speciation, but the fossil record contains many instances where speciation is delayed, a phenomenon for which we have a poor understandin...
Chapter
Full-text available
The taxonomy, phylogeny, and biostratigraphy of Oligocene and early Miocene Paragloborotalia and Parasubbotina are reviewed. The two genera are closely related; Paragloborotalia was derived from Parasubbotina in the early Eocene. Parasubbotina was more diverse during the middle Eocene, while Paragloborotalia experienced considerable diversification...
Chapter
Full-text available
The taxonomy, phylogeny, and biostratigraphy of Oligocene and lower Miocene Dentoglobigerina and Globoquadrina are reviewed. Because of the discovery of spine holes in various species assigned to these genera, the entire group is now considered to have been fully or sparsely spinose in life and hence part of Family Globigerinidae. One new species,...
Article
The Oligocene-Miocene Transition (OMT) is an important interval in Earth’s history, with substantial changes in Antarctic ice volume and mean temperature. The OMT is complicated in paleoclimatology, chronostratigraphy, and terminology, and there is a need for additional sites outside of the tropic/subtropics or Atlantic Basin to better understand t...
Article
Full-text available
Benthic foraminiferal biofacies were delimited for the upper Maastichtian through upper Eocene of five Brazilian marginal basins (Sergipe-Alagoas, Mucuri, Campos, Santos and Pelotas) and two DSDP Sites 356 and 20C of the western South Atlantic. The biofacies were determined based on the benthic foraminiferal assemblages and associated parameters, i...
Article
Full-text available
This data report focuses on Holes U1394B, U1395B, and U1396C located offshore Montserrat. These holes were drilled during Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 340 and contain deposits associated with the growth and decay of the volcanic island of Montserrat. Hole U1394B dates to ~353 ka and is composed of 17 bioclastic turbidites, 24 mixed...
Conference Paper
Biostratigraphic, paleoceanographic and macroevolutionary studies employing fossil planktic foraminifera rely on the accuracy of their taxonomic definitions. Species concepts for this group are based on shell morphology and growth characteristics. In many cases, these concepts need further refinement using modern morphometric methods. The Late Cret...
Article
Full-text available
Recent studies hypothesize that some submarine slides fail via pressure-driven slow-slip deformation. To test this hypothesis, this study derives pore pressures in failed and adjacent unfailed deep marine sediments by integrating rock physics models, physical property measurements on recovered sediment core, and wireline logs. Two drill sites (U139...
Article
Full-text available
IODP Expedition 340 successfully drilled a series of sites offshore Montserrat, Martinique and Dominica in the Lesser Antilles from March to April 2012. These are among the few drill sites gathered around volcanic islands, and the first scientific drilling of large and likely tsunamigenic volcanic island-arc landslide deposits. These cores provide...
Article
Full-text available
IODP Expedition 340 successfully drilled a series of sites offshore Montserrat, Martinique and Dominica in the Lesser Antilles from March to April 2012. These are among the few drill sites gathered around volcanic islands, and the first scientific drilling of large and likely tsunamigenic volcanic island-arc landslide deposits. These cores provide...
Article
Using temperature gradients measured in 10 holes at 6 sites, we generate the first high fidelity heat flow measurements from Integrated Ocean Drilling Program drill holes across the northern and central Lesser Antilles arc and back arc Grenada basin. The implied heat flow, after correcting for bathymetry and sedimentation effects, ranges from about...

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