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Introduction
Andrzej Affek currently works at the Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization, Polish Academy of Sciences. Andrzej does research in Landscape Ecology, Geography, Cartography and Remote Sensing.
Skills and Expertise
Publications
Publications (72)
The cessation of most human activities resulting from post-World War II expulsions and forced displacements in Central Europe triggered massive land cover transformation in mountainous areas. However, many preWar traces of past landscapes have survived-imprinted in microtopography-in permanently abandoned villages. Currently , they constitute uniqu...
Specifying the upper bound of C storage in forest ecosystems allows an estimate of the amount of C that can be stored in the future. The Białowieża Forest in NE Poland is the last relic forest in the European lowlands. Still, it has been subject to various natural and human-induced disturbances and its C stock has been reduced. The main goal of our...
Socioeconomic shocks can cause regime shifts in land use, but even during shocks, and when land use change is widespread, some areas persist in their land use. The question is what makes these areas more resistant. Our research goal was to find out what explains where arable farming persisted despite a major socioeconomic shock of forced postwar di...
Na zlecenie WWF zespół naukowców z Zakładu Geoekologii Instytutu Geografii i Przestrzennego Zagospodarowania PAN przygotował raport prezentujący ocenę potencjału polskich lasów do świadczenia 17 kluczowych usług ekosystemowych.
Celem raportu było:
(1) oszacowanie potencjału różnych typów lasów w Polsce do dostarczania kluczowych usług ekosystemowyc...
The concept of ecosystem services (ES) can contribute to improving the quality of life in cities, but it has to be operationalized before being implemented in spatial planning. The study aim was to present methodological solutions to
assess and map urban ES at different spatial scales, including methods for constructing and characterizing indicator...
Koncepcja usług ekosystemowych może przyczynić się do poprawy jakości życia w miastach, jednak niezbędne jest wypracowanie standardowych procedur jej operacjonalizacji, aby było możliwie jej wykorzystanie w praktyce. Celem pracy jest zaprezentowanie rozwiązań metodycznych do oceny i mapowania usług ekosystemów miejskich w skali ogólnopolskiej, w ty...
The aim of the 5th report on urban ecosystems was to identify interactions and bundles of ecosystem services at the neighbourhood scale on the example of Warsaw. The subject of measurement was the potential, use or unmet demand of the 6 services crucial for the well-being of city residents. Ten study sites were selected representing five categories...
The IALE 2022 European Landscape Ecology Congress (11-15 July 2022) was organised by Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization, Polish Academy of Sciences (IGiPZ PAN) and Faculty of Geography and Regional Studies, University of Warsaw (WGiSR UW) in partnership with European and Polish Associations for Landscape Ecology (IALE-Europe and PAEK)....
Existing lists of ancient-forest species-taken to indicate stands with no record of agricultural use-in general relate to the deciduous and mixed forests of Europe (i.e. the European Hermy's list and the Polish Dzwonko and Loster's list). We hypothesised that these lists might in fact be too general to prove useful in assessing and managing the for...
Indicators of ecosystem service potential, flow and unmet demand in urban ecosystems on the example of Warsaw
Indicators of ecosystem service potential, flow and unmet demand in urban ecosystems on the example of Warsaw - Summary report in English
In the Carpathian region we are witnessing intensive development, increasing urbanization and related declines in biodiversity. However, decisions of relevant authorities are often not based on proper analysis and ecosystem services are not considered in policy processes. This interdisciplinary Carpathian Ecosystem
Services Toolkit (CEST) is intend...
W regionie Karpat obserwujemy intensywny rozwój, postępującą urbanizację i związany z tym spadek bioróżnorodności. Decyzje odpowiednich władz często nie są oparte na właściwej analizie, a usługi ekosystemowe nie są uwzględniane w procesach politycznych. Ten interdyscyplinarny pakiet narzędzi do oceny usług ekosystemowych dla zarządzających i analit...
The aim of this work was to review the latest literature in terms of the use of phytosociological relevés (vegetation plots) in research on the natural environment. The systematic review included 321 articles published in 2010‑2021 in the most renowned journals (indexed in the Web of Science Core Collection with a score ≥100 according to the 2021 l...
Development of vector maps showing selected and important services of urban ecosystems on a national scale - Summary report in English
Indicators of ecosystem potential, flow and unmet demand in urban ecosystems at the national level on the example of Poland.
Riparian forests with oaks, ashes and elms, now highly fragmented and rare in Europe, are considered hotspots for ecosystem services. However, their capacity to provide pollination seems to be quite low, although reports from in-situ research supporting this view are scarce. Our goal was therefore to thoroughly assess their pollination potential ba...
Armed conflicts and major political changes can result in the forced displacement of thousands of people and may have substantial effects on the environment. However, it is difficult to predict and mitigate long-term consequences of such displacements, especially when they trigger abrupt land-use changes that result in a regime shift of the land-us...
Post-WWII displacements in the Polish Carpathians resulted in widespread land abandonment. Most of the pre-war agricultural areas are now covered with secondary forests, which will soon reach the felling age. Mapping their exact cover is crucial to investigate succession–regeneration processes and to determine their role in the landscape, before ma...
Lowland riparian hardwood forests are valuable habitats protected by EU Habitat Directive (EU code: 91F0). Today, in most areas across Europe they are extremely rare due to deforestation, drainage and river engineering. The remaining small forest patches are important parts of riparian ecological corridors and biodiversity hotspots, and provide val...
Recently, marginal lands have been attracting attention as areas of high cultural and natural value that are undergoing profound, uncontrolled transformations. These changes are seen as a threat to the cohesion and identity of existing landscapes. However, ongoing processes are often difficult to interpret and evaluate without a long-term historica...
This chapter is a synthesis of the analytical results presented in Chapter 6. However, the investigation was conducted only on 29 ecosystem services (ES) indicators for which the ecosystem (detailed or Mapping and Assessment of Ecosystems and their Services [MAES]–derived) was the spatial reference unit. To start with, synthetic assessment matrices...
This chapter presents the methods used to estimate potentials of postglacial ecosystems to provide services in expert and social assessments. Field works and laboratory analyses are described, as well as methodological assumptions of the survey and the structure of the questionnaire distributed among direct ecosystem service (ES) users (residents a...
This chapter presents the characteristics of the study area against the background of European postglacial landscapes. It starts with the genesis, range, and general features of this kind of landscape and then describes in detail the case study area, which is located in North-east Poland in the postglacial Suwałki Lakeland and Augustów Plain and co...
This chapter presents the spatial reference units applied in this study. Four different types of reference unit were distinguished: ecosystem in the narrow sense, Mapping and Assessment of Ecosystems and their Services (MAES)-derived ecosystem, hunting unit, and landscape. When distinguishing ecosystems in the narrow sense account was taken not onl...
This chapter describes the impact of various factors on the social assessment of ecosystem services (ES) potentials. The data on the frequency of ES use and sociodemographic characteristics of beneficiaries (e.g., age, gender, place of residence, level of education) were obtained through questionnaire survey. The results indicate that the intensity...
Chapter 6 is the main analytical part of the book and forms the basis for the following synthetic chapters. It presents the entire path of indicator development for the evaluation of ES potentials in the postglacial landscape. Altogether, 29 ecosystem services were assessed by means of 35 indicators. Services are arranged firstly according to the t...
This chapter presents the basic assumptions of the most recent version of the Common International Classification of Ecosystem Services (CICES V5.1), selected as the framework of our research. It has been designed to help measure, account for, and assess ecosystem services. In contrast to many other classification systems, it includes only three ma...
This chapter is the summary of the book. It presents briefly the content of previous chapters and reflects on the potential approach and methodological solutions adopted in the research. It also discusses the advantages and limitations of the two main assessment methods used: expert and social. The main research outcomes are listed, followed by the...
Ecosystem Service Potentials and Their Indicators in Postglacial Landscapes: Assessment and Mapping provides valuable guidance for anyone involved with ecosystem service potential monitoring, use and management—from landscape ecologists and environmental managers, to policymakers and environmental economists. The book highlights effective measureme...
Riparian hardwood forests of Quercus robur, Ulmus spp and Fraxinus spp that are present along major rivers are valuable communities protected by the EU Habitat Directive and recommended for monitoring. Part of the reason for that is relative rarity on the scale of Europe as a whole, and also in Poland. This in turn reflects the way in which fertile...
Due to the post World War II border shifts and the policy of ethnically homogenous nation-states the expulsions and forced displacements of numerous groups of inhabitants took place across the whole Central and Eastern Europe. Particularly, in the mountainous borderlands, the land abandonment turned out to be permanent. The cessation of human activ...
Łęgowe lasy dębowo-wiązowo-jesionowe są cennymi zbiorowiskami leśnymi chronionymi ustawą z dnia 16 kwietnia 2004 r. o ochronie przyrody, która implementuje zapisy Dyrektywy Siedliskowej (92/43/EEC). Siedliska łęgu jesionowo-wiązowego występują na całym niżu oraz na niektórych obszarach wyżynnych Polski. W większości zostały one wylesione, osuszone...
Spatial accessibility is usually understood in relation to the possibility of a specific location being reached from another location (Guzik, 2014). It is one of the main factors affecting land use and land-use changes (Hansen, 1959; Prishchepov et al., 2013) in relation to which the greatest variation is to be observed in mountainous areas (Jobe &...
W artykule dokonano oszacowania wpływu pozyskiwania drewna na wybrane procesy naturalne
i elementy środowiska w 15 nadleśnictwach w Karpatach Wschodnich, w tym na strukturę gleby i tempo erozji
oraz na reakcję hydrologiczną w skali stoku i zlewni. Główny nacisk położony został na oszacowanie gęstości
i przestrzennego układu dróg leśnych i szlaków z...
W artykule dokonano przeglądu literatury zagranicznej i polskiej dotyczącej wpływu pozyskiwania drewna na wybrane procesy naturalne i elementy środowiska na terenach górskich. Skoncentrowano się przede wszystkim na oddziaływaniu gospodarki leśnej na strukturę gleby i tempo erozji oraz na reakcji hydrologicznej w skali stoku i zlewni, w tym na natęż...
Article in Science Trends [ISSN: 2639-1538 (online)]
https://sciencetrends.com/what-bee-services-can-different-temperate-lowland-ecosystems-really-provide/
Rozdział 2. Teren badań (autorzy: Jacek Wolski, Jerzy Solon)
Charakterystyka terenu badań, poprzedzona opisem jego położenia administracyjnego i fizycznogeograficznego, obejmuje wybrane zagadnienia związane z rzeźbą terenu i podłożem geologicznym, klimatem, wodami powierzchniowymi, pokrywą glebową, formami ochrony przyrody, szatą roślinną oraz świa...
Celem naszego projektu jest określenie związków pomiędzy stopniem przekształcenia łęgów jesionowo-wiązowych a ich potencjałem do świadczenia usług regulacyjnych (związanych z procesami fizyczno-chemicznymi i biologicznymi regulowanymi przez organizmy żywe). Przy założeniu, że degradacja lasów łęgowych zakłóca ich funkcje i procesy ekologiczne oraz...
The aim of the research was to determine the scale and forms of logging road impacts on the natural environment
and residual cultural heritage of Ruthenian Highlanders that characterise the Polish part of the north-eastern
Carpathians. To this end, we used LIDAR-derived DEM to detect and map forest roads and skid trails, and to
estimate road densit...
In the Chapter 3. Elaboration of the cartographic materials for the purposes of analysis of changes in forest cover (author: Jacek Wolski) the scheme of developing the model of forest cover changes was presented. The calibration accuracy of basic and additional maps was pointed out (Tab. 3.1).
In the Chapter 1. Physico-geographical characteristics of the borderland of Masuria and Kurpie (author: Jacek Wolski) there were presented: administrative location, the physico-geographical location (Fig. 1.1), relief with elements of geology (Fig. 1.2), soil cover (Fig. 1.3), surface waters (Fig. 1.4), selected elements of climate (Tab. 1.1, 1.2),...
In the Chapter 2. Prussian, Russian and Polish cartography of the borderland of Masuria and Kurpie – characterisation of the source materials (author: Jacek Wolski), assessment of utility of the source materials, selection and classification of the source materials and characterisation of the basic source materials were described. Materials were di...
In chapter 11 (The concept and model of Sustainable Forest Distribution – SuFoD;
author: Andrzej Affek) the long-term changes of forest cover and settlement network were analysed within the new theoretical framework elaborated by the author.
The study aimed to determine how direct users of local ecosystems perceive the potentials of those ecosystems to provide services, and how their assessments are influenced by different factors (i.e. socio-demographic characteristics, the actual use of services and proximity to particular ecosystems). To elicit social values we carried out a door-to...
The estimation of the value of nature in terms of benefits derived by humans is becoming increasingly popular in environmental assessments and spatial planning worldwide. In line with this approach, the value of any ecosystem can be determined on the basis of its potential (capacity), or the actual amount of goods and services delivered (flow). The...
The paper presents the results of a questionnaire carried out among landscape users in Suwałki and Augustów Region concerning the perception of goods of nature. Respondents were asked to assign services to 7 ecosystem types (deciduous forest, coniferous forest, swamp forest, grasslands , croplands, wetlands, water bodies) and rank them in order of...
Genotoxicity studies (using SOS chromotest and comet assay) of Escherichia coli and carp (Cyprinus carpio) were performed for three pharmaceutically active compounds, ciprofloxacin, 17α-ethinylestradiol and 5-fluorouracil, used in the treatment of humans. The values of genotoxicity induction coefficient (I) in the SOS chromotest clearly showed geno...
Aktualne przekształcenia krajobrazu są postrzegane jako proces negatywny, stanowiący zagrożenie dla spójności i tożsamości istniejących krajobrazów, ograniczający ich różnorodność. Znikają tradycyjne, ukształtowane jeszcze przed epoką przemysłową krajobrazy wiejskie, a wraz z nimi określona kultura gospodarowania ziemią i wypracowany przez wieki ła...
W Karpatach Wschodnich na obszarach wysiedlonych po II wojnie światowej odnaleźć można stosunkowo dobrze zachowane elementy dziedzictwa kulturowego odwzorowane w rzeźbie terenu (układy pól, drogi wiejskie, pozostałości za-budowy). Do niedawna brakowało jednak odpowiednich narzędzi, aby móc te formy, często ukryte w gęstej roślinności, systematyczni...
The objective of this study was to map traces of the past Carpathian landscape recorded in the microtopography in the chosen study area (25 km²) within the Wiar river basin. The area comprised two deserted villages (Borysławka and Posada Rybotycka) that were abandoned and afforested after forced displacement of Ruthenian highlanders in 1940s. Three...
W artykule przedstawiono założenia teoretyczne i metodologię badań projektu finansowanego przez Narodowe Centrum Nauki (2012/07/B/ST10/04344) zatytułowanego "Świadczenia ekosystemowe w krajo-brazie młodoglacjalnym-ocena zasobów, zagrożeń i wykorzystania". Celem projektu jest zastosowanie koncepcji usług ekosystemowych do oceny wartości potencjałowe...
![Figure 2. Potential harvested cereal crops [dt/ha/year]](profile/Jerzy-Solon-2/publication/321490871/figure/fig2/AS:567845656694784@1512396362360/Potential-harvested-cereal-crops-dt-ha-year_Q320.jpg)
![Figure 3. Potential honey production [kg/ha] The value of 5 means high...](profile/Jerzy-Solon-2/publication/321490871/figure/fig3/AS:567845656293376@1512396362529/Potential-honey-production-kg-ha-The-value-of-5-means-high-relevant-capacity-approx_Q320.jpg)
![Figure 4. Potential ungulate biomass [kg/100 ha] Source: elaborated by...](profile/Jerzy-Solon-2/publication/321490871/figure/fig4/AS:567845654614020@1512396362624/Potential-ungulate-biomass-kg-100-ha-Source-elaborated-by-B-Grabinska-and-J-Solon_Q320.jpg)
W niniejszym artykule zaprezentowano wyniki badań nad przestrzennym zróżnicowaniem potencjału ekosystemów do dostarczania wybranych usług zaopatrzeniowych i regulacyjnych. Każde z wybranych do prezentacji świadczeń (cztery usługi zaopatrzeniowe-plony zbóż, miód, biomasa zwierząt kopytnych, zapas drewna na pniu; jedna usługa regulacyjna-sekwestracja...
The aim of the study is to identify changes in rural landscape resulting from the break in the continuity of settlement. Landscape effects of cultural decline are presented on the example of Wiar River basin in Polish Eastern Carpathians, an area representative for the regions, where after displacement of inhabitants human population has been hardl...
Spatially explicit analysis of land ownership changes can provide a unique opportunity to trace land ownership and determine spatial patterns of inheritance. In this paper, the structure of land ownership in the age of feudalism (1852), communism (1965) and capitalism (2008) was reconstructed for a landscape-scale study area – the Upper Wiar River...
The aim of the research, conducted in the Biebrza National Park (NE Poland) was the development and initial validation of an innovative, non-invasive method for estimating the biomass of peatbog vegetation using terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) technology. Due to the large diversity of plant species on wetlands and their small-individual volumes, g...
Digital elevation models (DTM) generated using data from airborne laser scanning (ALS) systematically displace models made on the basis of aerial photographs and topographic maps. Their greatest advantage is the detail and accuracy of mapping the terrain, especially under vegetation cover. Terrain models derived from laser scanning, presenting deta...
W artykule zaprezentowano wyniki badań kwestionariuszowych przeprowadzonych wśród mieszkańców i turystów w wytypowanych miejscowościach gminy Nowinka (województwo podlaskie). Celem badań było określenie rzeczywistego korzystania z dobrodziejstw przyrody pochodzących z lokalnych ekosystemów oraz rozpoznanie poziomu wiedzy respondentów dotyczącej cze...
Archival maps are an invaluable source of information about the state of the geographical environment. They represent the primary research material for analysis of changes in spatial characteristics of the environment. However, a prerequisite for any reliable analysis is an accurate match between archival maps and contemporary cartographic material...
The article aims to present the main results of the survey 'Land use in the municipalities', conducted in mid-2012 by UNEP/GRID-Warsaw Centre in consortium with the Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization of the Polish Academy of Sciences (IGSO PAS) on behalf of the Ministry of Transport, Construction and Maritime Economy. The study was de...
Archival maps are an invaluable source of information about the state of geographical environment. They are the primary research material for the analysis of changes in spatial characteristics of the environment. A prerequisite to carry out a reliable analysis is an exact match between archival maps and contemporary cartographic materials and to es...
All landscapes change over time. The rate and magnitude of changes determine, whether the identity of the landscape survives. In this paper the distinction between continuity and transformation of landscape is discussed. A case study in the hilly rural area of the Upper Wiar River catchment is conducted to exemplify the issue. The study area experi...
Borysławka village (Sanok-Turka Mountains) existed until the 1940s. In 1939 there were 810 inhabitants, of which 780 declared Ukrainian nationality. Out of 140 farms no building survived to our times. Meadows and arable land have been afforested or being left uncultivated have undergone secondary succession. Currently, the only people penetrating t...
