Andrina Granić

• PhD
• Professor (Full) at University of Split

Educational technology has advanced considerably over the past two decades, yet media accessibility and inclusion still require significant improvement. These areas remain major barriers for many students with disabilities. This descriptive systematic review aims to provide an overview of current research, offering a concise analysis of key concept...

Informatics, a vital component of STEM education, serves as a bridge across various disciplines, playing a crucial role in introducing students to the world of science and technology. At the Department of Informatics, University of Split, Faculty of Science, we have established research groups dedicated to computer science education and AI research...

The chapter delves into Fred’s retrospective account of developing the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), shedding light on the model’s conceptualization process. In the 1980s, the prevalent challenge of high rejection rates for new systems led to the belief that predicting user acceptance might be an unsolvable problem. TAM challenged this notion,...

The chapter traces the evolution of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and underscores its consistent efficacy in predicting user acceptance across diverse technologies over more than three decades. Exploring beyond TAM research, alternative approaches aim to enrich our understanding of primary dependent constructs, specifically behavioural inte...

The chapter explores the trajectory of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), characterized by its societal influence, capacity to handle and adapt to emerging challenges and commitment to ensuring that technology authentically serves and benefits the broader community. Through an analysis of TAM’s historical development, current trends and potenti...

The chapter introduces the Seven Pillars Framework, serving as a strategic guide for researchers and practitioners who aim to customize the TAM++ body of knowledge for application-oriented studies within specific contexts. Presented in a comprehensive table, this Framework outlines seven actionable principles with practical applications demonstrate...

The chapter conducts an in-depth investigation of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) through a comprehensive systematic review, offering profound insights into the TAM universe. Utilizing a concept-centric methodology, strict search criteria and parameters controlling the inclusion of representative body of evidence, this examination encompasses...

This research aims to analyse the self-perception of teachers and students on their digital readiness and their attitudes towards digital and distance learning, as well as the potential influence of other factors. The use of digital technologies is directly linked to the academic performance of students and teachers, while also enabling new modes o...

Due to the everchanging and evergrowing nature of programming technologies, the gap between the programming industry’s needs and the educational capabilities of both formal and informal educational environments has never been wider. However, the need to learn computer programming has never been greater, regardless of the motivation behind it. The n...

This study presents the design and evaluation of a plush smart toy prototype for teaching geometry shapes to young children. The hardware design involves the integration of sensors, microcontrollers, an LCD screen, and a machine learning algorithm to enable gesture recognition by the toy. The machine learning algorithm detects whether the child’s g...

The importance of artificial intelligence (AI) education is rising as the digital world is eating the physical one. In addition, AI has infiltrated our daily routine through personal and driving assistants, intelligent house appliances, cities, and different robots. UNESCO is investigating the current practices of developing and implementing AI cur...

In view of technology adoption at individual level (TechA@IL), numerous theories and models have been put forward to predict and explain human behavior toward technology adoption and actual use. However, while some of these models have enjoyed widespread use, a study that offers a systematic presentation of the progress made in the field of TechA@I...

The chapter provides a comprehensive and up-to-date insight into main research findings in the area of educational technology acceptance, adoption, and usage. Over the past decades, a variety of theoretical perspectives have been advanced to provide an understanding of the determinants of adoption of various technologies used to support the process...

The chapter provides a comprehensive and up-to-date insight into main research findings in the area of educational technology acceptance, adoption, and usage. Over the past decades, a variety of theoretical perspectives have been advanced to provide an understanding of the determinants of adoption of various technologies used to support the process...

Online participation in education is not a new research topic, but the field still lacks succinct account of approaches for enhancing online participation. This paper presents a systematic review of representative literature dealing with online participation in education. All subscribed resources in Web of Science were systematically searched with...

During the past decades a respectable number and variety of theoretical perspectives and practical approaches have been advanced for studying determinants for prediction and explanation of user’s behavior towards acceptance and adoption of educational technology. Aiming to identify the most prominent factors affecting and reliably predicting succes...

This paper presents a systematic review of the literature on Tangible User Interfaces (TUIs) and interactions in young children’s education by identifying 155 studies published between 2001 and 2019. The review was based on a set of clear research questions addressing application domains, forms of tangible objects, TUI design and assessment. The re...

During the last three decades, the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) has emerged as a robust model for examining the determinants affecting users’ behavior and use of various technologies. Despite its reliability and applicability across thousands of studies, TAM has been recently criticized for being an outdated model. To determine whether the TAM...

Since its beginnings in the 1970s, learning to program is a challenging task for learners and educators. In the last two decades, many attempts were made to increase learning programming’s popularity, resulting in the development of block-based programming languages (BPL), widely used to engage children in programming from an early age. The use of...

Purpose Despite the increased use of wearables in education, little attention has been paid to why some students are more likely to adopt smartwatches than others. The question of what impacts the adoption of smartwatches in educational activities is still neglected. In addition, the question of how security determinants can affect the adoption of...

A respectable amount of work dealing with Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) clearly indicates a popularity of TAM in the field of technology acceptance in general. Nevertheless, there is still a gap in existing knowledge regarding representative academic literature that underlie research on TAM in educational context. The main objective of this sys...

Although virtual reality became popular technology whose application is recognized in various domains, the field generally still lacks a widespread culture of usability. This is also evident when considering environments intended for learning, specifically virtual learning environments (VLEs). According to our findings, it is clear that there is a...

There are different expressions of Cultural Heritage, from material to intangible heritage, whereas the term Cultural Heritage many times encompasses the main category of immovable Cultural Heri-tage (buildings, monuments, archaeological sites...). All over Europe, Heritage Buildings (HBs) attract millions of visitors every year. Being a part of pa...

The number of buildings protected under the name of “Cultural Heritage” is growing at an accelerated pace in recent years. But, equally, they are constantly exposed to risks of loss or deterioration. Europe today expects a series of benefits of Heritage Buildings that goes from aesthetic enjoyment to economic development. All of which implies plann...

Digital Competence, as the set of knowledge, skills and attitudes that are required when using Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and digital media to perform everyday human activities, have started to be understood as “life skills”. Nevertheless, concerning the integration of innovative technology and approaches, many teachers do not p...

The employment of 3D Virtual World (VW) platforms in an educational field is an emerging phenomenon that enlarges the concept of learning environments, providing users technology that creates an immersive learning experience. This is one of the main reasons for the selection of a 3D VW platform for the development of an innovative and motivating to...

This study brings an evidence-based review of user individual characteristics employed as sources of adaptation in recent adaptive learning systems. Twenty-two user individual charac-teristics were explored in a systematically designed search procedure, while 17 of them were identified as sources of adaptation in final selection. The content analys...

Algorithm visualization systems have not been as widely adopted by computer science educators as it might be expected from the firm belief that they can enhance computer science education. Two key impediments for widely adopting AV technology in mainstream computer science are: effectiveness and enhancements of learning with visualization and effor...

Algorithm visualization systems have not been as widely adopted by computer science educators as it might be expected from the firm belief that they can enhance computer science education. Two key impediments for widely adopting AV technology in mainstream computer science are: effectiveness and enhancements of learning with visualization and effor...

This paper presents an agent based approach to knowledge representation and learning methods. Agent architecture is described and discussed, together with its advantages and limitations. Main purpose of the proposed approach is to gain further insight in current teaching methods with a foremost aspiration for their improvement. Two different experi...

This paper presents a framework that can be used in classroom in order to improve current teaching methods and motivate students by adopting a more interactive approach in teaching and learning process. Proposed framework provides a combination of simulated environment and real physical robot, both often used in classroom but rarely at the same tim...

With the ever-increasing development of technology and its integration into users’ private and professional life, a decision regarding its acceptance or rejection still remains an open question. A respectable amount of work dealing with the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), from its first appearance more than a quarter of a century ago, clearly in...

Index of learning Styles according to Felder-Silverman Learning Style Model

Quality in use plays an essential role in a wide acceptance of software applications. It includes two complementary concepts: usability and user experience. With an aim to assure the quality in use of websites, researchers have proposed various metrics, but without guidelines for their use. Additionally, research on this topic in the context of Web...

This paper presents an approach to universal interaction which can be used for robot knowledge acquisition and transfer of acquired knowledge between different robots. There are similarities between human and machine learning techniques so learning by demonstration and conceptual learning were used as a basis for demonstrating our proposed type of...

Web 2.0 refers to a new generation of web applications where individuals are able to participate, collaborate, and share created artefacts. Despite the fact that Web 2.0 applications are widely used for both educational and professional purposes, a consolidated methodology for their evaluation is still not available. This paper presents and discuss...

Research in education confirms that adaptation to learning styles brings many benefits to students’ learning activities. The ease of use of adaptive learning systems is increased, student enjoy more comfortable learning experience and achieve higher learning performance. The paper presents an adaptive on-line course on Moodle learning management sy...

Understanding learners and acknowledging diversities in their learning behavior is the key to design effective e-learning systems. This paper presents an innovative solution focused on adaptation to learning styles in the context of the learning management system Moodle. A new activity module named AdaptiveLesson has been developed as an extension...

Web portals are a special breed of web sites, providing a large and diverse user population with a blend of information, services and facilities. Whether they reach their aim of facilitating users' access to diverse resources and to which extent, remains an open question. In the paper this issue is addressed with usability inspection of horizontal...

The goal of the paper is to investigate a Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), its origins, development, extensions, modifications and various applications. A comprehensive literature review of the model showed its development through a large number of scientific articles, particularly ones dealing with information and computer technology. The paper...

A cost-effective approach for web portal usability evaluation is presented in this chapter. Due to specifics of portals as web sites, mainly referring to their structure and media specificities along with diversity of users, tasks and workflows, distinct assessment approaches should be employed. Methodology brings together laboratory-based testing...

The increasing need for active and accessible learning in the inclusive knowledge society drives the demand for e-learning that engages users much more effectively than ever before. In this context, it is crucial to conduct research that embraces innovation in user sensitive design, or else influential individual user differences may be overlooked....

Web portals act as a single point of access to information and services relevant to person's work or personal interests. Market research findings related to Croatian web context report that nowadays horizontal information portals are the most visited sites. Whether they reach their aim of facilitating users’ access to diverse resources and to which...

This work examines the influence of the different working environments during the execution of a creativity process. The selection factor used for the decision is each user’s learning style. For the examination of how this is perceived by the users and to test how this influences the creativity process within a Creativity Support Tool a prototype h...

Researchers agree that it is possible to diagnose student’s learning style and that learners with a dominant preference for certain learning style may have difficulties in knowledge acquisition in conditions where teaching strategy is not compatible with it. This paper presents an experimental work conducted in order to determine if students with d...

Research in Web quality has addressed quality in use as the most important factor affecting the wide acceptance of software applications. It could be seen as comprised of two complementary concepts, usability and user experience, thus focusing on the employment of more user-centered evaluations. Nevertheless, in the context of Web 2.0 applications,...

This paper presents a comprehensive usability study conducted within the context of a Europe-wide project. The design of the evaluated e-learning platform is based on an innovative approach to the education of young Europeans by integrating into the curricula of a Europe-wide network of 14 schools different state-of-the-art technologies in e-learni...

A system able to adapt to different user characteristics may increase user’s learning outcome and advance her/his personal learning experience. This paper reports on research identifying and appraising user personal differences employed in user modelling for adaptive educational systems. A preliminary set of individual characteristics relevant for...

Fashion, style or combination of garments define humans as unique beings, and they express their individuality, lifestyles and attitudes. Stylists have the knowledge about the creation of desirable garment combinations. If the selection is to be computer-aided, the stylist's knowledge should be formalized mathematically and a computer system with a...

The aim of this paper was to design and assess a comprehensive model for managing the e-learning process and to define the relationship between systematic implementation of the model, outcomes of certain e-learning aspects and subject of e-learning. The validation of the model was performed by using two questionnaires sent via e-mail to teachers an...

A tool for web page prediction is presented in this paper. The developed tool offers personalized interaction by predicting user's behaviour from her/his previous browsing history. According to an outcome of a conducted user testing, enhancements to the tool's design are proposed. Its simplicity and usefulness makes it a valuable browsing aid for w...

Within the context of a Europe-wide project UNITE, a number of European partners set out to design, implement and validate a pedagogical framework (PF) for e- and m-Learning in secondary schools. The process of formulating and testing the PF was an evolutionary one that reflected the experiences and skills of the various European partners and secon...

This chapter reports on the experience regarding usability evaluation of web portals. The study is placed in Croatian web sphere where the most visited portals are the broad-reach web ones. Consequently, such a research may be of interest to the communities with comparable user population and market characteristics. The evaluation methodology advoc...

Within the framework of the UNITE project, organisational, pedagogical, technical and infrastructural support was provided to a European-wide network of 14 schools. This paper in brief describes UNITE system design, its intelligent eKnowledge repository and applied innovations from knowledge domain field. The implementation of the UNITE e/mLearning...

This paper presents a European Community supported project which investigated whether the use of electronic and mobile technologies in the hands of young learners might engage them in learning activities and start to change their attitudes towards learning. The mLearning system was implemented in a Europe‐wide network of 14 schools with over 500 st...

In this paper preliminary work in the area of web page prediction is presented. The designed and implemented prototype offers personalized interaction by predicting the user's behaviour from previous web browsing history. Those predictions are afterwards used to simplify the user's future interactions. Rather simple and feasible prototype enhanceme...

An e-learning system able to adapt to different learning characteristics of users may improve their performance and increase their learning outcome, as suggested by the research. However, the development of adaptive systems addresses major research questions, identifying and appraising relevant user characteristics as the starting point. Conducted...

Designing an intelligent system, as confirmed by research, must address relevant individual characteristics of users. This paper offers a brief review of individual differences literature in the HCI field in general and e-learning area in particular. Research suggests that using adaptive e-learning systems may improve user learning performance and...

An empirical study aiming to investigate the influence of cognitive and personality characteristics on user web navigation is presented in this paper. Individual cognitive abilities and personality dimensions were identified and validated, and expected correlations with results of objective variables were postulated. Effectiveness, efficiency and o...

Web-based learning environments have become an integral part of learning. The way that they are employed in the learning process, or in other words the learning strategy followed in that respect, is an important issue that has to be carefully thought of, deciding upon topics such as suitable pedagogical approaches and appropriate assessment techniq...

With the upcoming features of Web 2.0 current eLearning solutions, mostly characterized by single user and centered data-download, change and develop further. The traditional paradigm of classroom teaching and learning is broadened towards sharing experiences and knowledge in word-wide social communities. Furthermore, knowledge capturing in ambient...

The creation of exciting, new, powerful and accessible e-learning systems depends upon innovations in cognitive science, human learning, e-learning implementation principles and derivative, technological e-learning solutions. The issues of user sensitive design and user diversity are central to such developments and so must be one of the focuses of...

Web-based learning environments have become an integral part of learning. The way that they are employed in the learning process, or in other words the learning strategy followed in that respect, is an important issue that has to be carefully thought of, deciding upon topics such as suitable pedagogical approaches and appropriate assessment techniq...

The paper provides an overview of our research being performed in the area of interfaces for e-learning, with the emphasis on application of intelligent methods. We especially address the efforts being done in providing a suitable interaction for a class of intelligent e-learning systems – Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITSs), within the research fr...

Progress in the field of e-learning has been slow, with related problems mainly associated with the poor design of e-learning systems. Moreover, because of a depreciated importance of usability, usability studies are not very frequent. This paper reports the experience with the usability assessment of intelligent learning and teaching systems which...

Within emerging knowledge society for all, intelligent user interfaces should aid the humancomputer interaction process in diverse areas. Namely, users with a variety of characteristics are using computers for quite diverse purposes. In such context the role of intuitive and transparent interaction tailored to unique personal requirements is crucia...

There are a number of important recommendations to both the practitioner and the researcher in the advancing world of e-learning environments. First, perhaps most importantly, advances in technology per se should not be confused with advances in human learning capabilities enhanced by technology. Whilst it is clear that technological innovations of...

The upcoming Web 2.0 technologies change the aspects of eLearning fundamentally. The traditional paradigm of classroom teaching and homework learning will develop further towards sharing experiences and knowledge in word-wide social communities. Moreover, knowledge capturing in ambient environments gains more and more importance. These aspects char...

The paper reports on the experience concerning the design of a ldquodiscount evaluationrdquo of broad-reach Web portal usability. The methodology employs a range of assessment methods, providing a comprehensive quantitative and qualitative evaluation feedback. It advocates a number of usability test methods along with specialistspsila inspection. T...

Overall research is aiming to design discount evaluation methodology for web portal assessment. A number of problems was identified during testing user tasks in scenario-based usability testing while others were detected through tasks mentally simulated by HCI experts using an inspection method. This paper reports on the experience regarding the la...

The paper reports on the experience regarding usability evaluation of broad-reach web portals. The designed methodology advocates a number of usability test methods along with specialists' inspection and provides a comprehensive quantitative and qualitative assessment feedback. Our experience accords with the claim that we should not rely on isolat...

The paper provides an overview of our research being performed in the area of interfaces for e-learning, with the emphasis on application of intelligent methods. We especially address the efforts being done in providing a suitable interaction for a class of intelligent e-learning systems - Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITSs), within the research fr...

In the first instance the design and implementation phases of the UNITE project pedagogical framework and related tools, the production of resource materials, teacher education and platform use, are presented. UNITE (Unified e-Learning environment for the school) is a European FP6 research project which aims to integrate innovative state-of-the-art...

The paper elaborates on the design of an empirically tested pedagogical framework for e-Learning, covering pedagogies which underpin the subject matter in everyday learning environment as well as the ways in which learning material is delivered and assessed. Designed framework presents an essential part of UNITE e-Learning system conceptualization...

When designing an e-learning system it is important to consider not only technical and resource related aspects, but user characteristics along with pedagogical and contextual issues as well. This paper proposes an approach to universal design within the e-learning environment able to address issues related to learner-centred design paradigm, conte...

Recent research in the field of human-computer interaction puts the user at the centre of all developments, stressing the significance to design technologies for human needs. In such context intuitive and transparent interaction is crucial and the role of adaptive user interface becomes unquestionable. This paper presents the methodology for conduc...

In order to advance personal learning experience it is crucial to overcome the one-size-fits-all approach in user interface design and increase the e-learning systems intelligent behavior. Recent research has confirmed that user individual characteristics must be taken into account to accomplish that goal. This paper identifies user features releva...

Digital libraries offer substantial volumes of declarative knowledge to the information society. This paper explores the extent to which current and future digital libraries, also known as ubiquitous knowledge environments, can be made sufficiently usable, accessible and smart to support an inclusive information society and the aspiration of univer...

Digital libraries offer substantial volumes of declarative knowledge to the information society. This paper explores the extent to which current and future digital libraries, also known as ubiquitous knowledge environments, can be made sufficiently usable, accessible and smart to support an inclusive information society and the aspiration of univer...

Present-day efforts in designing technologies to serve and adapt to human needs rather than forcing humans to adapt, embrace intelligent user interfaces as one of ambient intelligence key technologies. This paper elaborates on the design of an adaptive individual interaction in a type of computer-based educational system whose operation is supporte...

Regardless of so much publicity and activity, the progress in the field of e-learning has been very slow with related problems mostly associated with poor design of e-learning systems. Moreover, due to a low perceived importance of usability, carrying out usability studies in this area is not very frequent, despite the significant role of usability...