Andri Kumoro

Universitas Diponegoro | UNDIP · Department of Chemical Engineering

Biscuits made from roselle calyces and chitosan can be used as food ingredients to complement food needs and are nutritious for health. Roselle calyces contain anthocyanins, which have anti-hypercholesterolemic properties. Chitosan was also able to reduce fat levels in plasma and the liver, thereby reducing cholesterol levels. This study aimed to a...

Caesalpinia sappan L. or known as sappan wood is a plant that had been used in traditional food, beverages and traditional medicine. It contains many active phytochemicals compound such as brazilin, sappanchalcone, xanthone, coumarin and flavones. Extraction is the common method to get the active compounds in plants and the use of new method of ext...

Alginates have a variety of biological, physical, and chemical properties that can be modified to meet a specific purpose. Ionic crosslinking is an easy method of alginate modification. This study examined the ionic crosslinking agents (Ca2+, Ba2+, Mg2+) on swelling ratio, water solubility, and % sol-gel fraction of modified alginate. The performan...

The purpose of this research was to produce biscuits containing red and purple roselle extract with the addition of chitosan to improve the biscuits’ proximate composition, total phenolic, antioxidant activity, and sensory acceptance. The research used a completely randomized design with seven factors containing red and purple roselle extract, and...

Bruguiera gymnorhiza (BG) has potential as a functional food because of its dietary fibre content and bioactive components such as flavonoids and phenolic compounds. However, it is not studied in the context of diet-related disease prevention. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects of Bruguiera gymnorhiza fruit flour (BGF) on sat...

The encapsulation method is a method that protects Fe from oxidation, increases bioavailability and reduces the unwanted taste, aroma, and distinctive colour of Fe. Alginate is used as an encapsulant because it can be regulated in viscosity. The drying process by spray drying is chosen to obtain the final product that has the appropriate quality st...

Banana fruits consumption generates about 35% weight of peel waste containing approximately 10.61 to 24 w/w% of pectin. Hence, improper banana peel waste management may induce various environmental and health issues. The objectives of this work were to study the effect of substrate concentration, pH, temperature, and duration on the yield of pectin...

Chitosan is an oligosaccharide compound produced by deacetylation of basic chitin at high temperatures. This research aimed to extract chitosan from white shrimp (Penaeus indicus) in the waters north of Brebes, Indonesia and determine its antioxidant and antibacterial activity compared to commercial chitosan. The functional structure of chitosan wa...

Bioethanol is an environmentally benign renewable energy commonly obtained from glucose fermentation using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The purposes of this study are to investigate the effects of time, temperature, pH, immobilized yeast cell loading, beads reuse during ethanol production through batch fermentation of glucose derived from oil palm emp...

Purpose: This work aims to study the water vapor adsorption property of fine silica particles from semi-burned rice husk ash. The semi-burned rice husk ash is selected as the raw material since it contains high silica and is easily found as a by-product of pottery furnace combustion. Design/methodology/approach: The silica adsorbent from semi-burne...

High viscosity of glucomannan has been limit its applications. Hence, the long polysaccharide glucomannan which consists of β-linked glucoses and mannoses needs to be degraded to broaden its utilizations. Enzymatic degradation is known as a safe method for food material treatment. Specifically targeting at 1,4-β-D-glycosidic linkages, cellulase has...

Essential oils can be extracted from the leaves and stalk of aromatic grass plants, namely the citronella grass ( Cymbopogon nardus ) and lemongrass ( Cymbopogon citratus ), which grow primarily in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. The word lemon denotes its unique lemon-like aroma, which is largely contributed by the existence of...

Natural red dye from sappanwood (Caesalpinia sappan L) contains brazilin that can be used as an antioxidant source. The dye can be isolated by extraction using a polar solvent such as distilled water. The more water was added, the more extract can be obtained. However, the process cannot be straightforward since the excessive solvent consumes more...

Alginate has been widely used in food industries, including for encapsulant of active agent preservation. This polysaccharide is highly hydrophilic and had been studied as an excellent material for encapsulating water-soluble substances. Fish oil which mainly contained omega-3, provides many health benefits including for reducing the effects of hea...

Alginate had been used as an additive on many food materials due to its biodegradability and non-toxic properties. As the alginate was extracted from natural sources, it had various properties depending on its source and purification method. In general, alginate has high gelation which hinder its use in high concentration in specific applications....

Sodium alginate is the polymer matrix most commonly used for the immobilization of cells, enzymes, and microalgae for various purposes. One of the bead immobilization preparations is the droplet extrusion method in which CaCl 2 is the adsorbent. However, the use of CaCl 2 , which is a cross-linking agent, can increase alginate susceptibility. There...

Intensive cultivation has maintained annual banana production in Indonesia at about 7 million tons since 2015. Banana fruits bear about 35 - 40% weight of peel waste, which contains 20.28 g pectin/100 g the dry matter. The peel waste may trigger serious environmental problems. This study aimed to investigate the effect of substrate concentrations a...

Nowadays the importance of starches in industrial application in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries is well recognized. Unfortunately, their thermodynamics aspect has not been well understood. The objective of this study is to develop a simple thermodynamic model for the estimation of aqueous solubility of cereal, tuber and legume starche...

Rice has played its important role as the world’s major source of food for human and animals. In order to sustain the food supply, many efforts have been conducted to increase the production of paddy rice per acre. The management of highly moist paddy rice during the harvesting period for preserving the paddy rice quality, increase in yield and red...

The ethanol generation through low temperature enzymatic hydrolysis (LTEH) of Suweg (Amorphophallus campanulatus B) starch followed by anaerobic fermentation using Saccharomyces cerevisiaehas been studied. Granular starch hydrolyzing enzyme (GSHE) as Stargen TM 002 was used in the hydrolysis to degrade starch into reducing sugar at 30°C and pH 4. T...

The drug release system is a process in which a bioactive substance discharged from a drug product and enters the process of absorption, distribution and metabolism to deliver its pharmacological action. The drug release is maintained at a specific rate to maximize the benefits as well as to suppress the side impacts. The release rate behaviour is...

The lower efficiency of the conventional biodiesel production and purification processes has been the main cause of currently high price of biodiesel. This paper deals with an effort to simplify the biodiesel production process by combining the synthesis and separation units through the development of a dual function membrane. The CaO catalyst made...

The increase in the number of world’s elderly population and changes in their lifestyle has triggered to the formation of diseases susceptible communities. Inherent with the aforementioned conditions, the need in andrographolide as one of natural remedies isolated from the leaves of Andrographis paniculata also increases. In this work, supercritica...

Energy efficient drying for food and agriculture products resulting high quality products has been an important issue. Currently, about 50% of total energy for postharvest treatment was used for drying. This paper presents the evaluation of new approach namely air dehumidification system with zeolite for food drying. Zeolite is a material having af...

The main objective of this study is to analyze and compare the drying behavior of seawage experimentally in solar dryer, sun dryer and oven dryer. Seaweeds with moisture content of 70% have been cleansed of impurities attached and washed with fresh water. The solar dryer tool is made of glass and iron shaped dryer and box, where the solar collector...

Kinetic studies of the enzymatic hydrolysis of cassava starch have been carried out using glucoamylase and granular starch hydrolyzing enzyme (GSHE) as Stargen™ 002. The enzymatic hydrolysis of cassava starch was conducted at pH 4 by employing slurry concentrations of 25-300 g·L ⁻¹ , temperatures 30-60 °C and 0.5-1.5 % (w/w) of enzymes glucoamylase...

Anthocyanin extract in powder form will improve its use since the powder is easier to store and more applicable. Microencapsulation method is introduced as an efficient way for protecting pigment such as anthocyanin. This research was aimed to characterise anthocyanin encapsulated products prepared from purple Roselle calyces by freeze drying. The...

A lot of researchers have devoted on ethanol utilization as renewable energy to substitute petroleum based gasoline. When ethanol is being used as a new fuel candidate, it should have at least of 99.5% purity. Usually produced via sugar fermentation process, further purification of ethanol from other components in fermentation broth to obtain its f...

Absorbsi merupakan proses perpindahan massa untuk memisahkan suatu gas dari campurannya dengan cairan penyerap NaOH, MEA atau K2CO3. Pada penelitian ini, campuran gas yang mengandung CO2 dikontakkan dengan larutan NaOH sebagai penyerap dalam suatu kolom unggun tetap. Penelitian ini juga mempelajari pengaruh laju alir larutan NaOH sebesar 0,026-0,04...

THE KINETICS OF GADUNG (Dioscorea hispida dennst.) TUBER DETOXIFICATION VIA FUNGAL FERMENTATION USING Mucor racemosus. Bitter yam (Dioscorea hispida Dennst.) is one of carbohydrate sources used as staple food commonly found in Indonesian dry-land. However, this tuber has been underutilized due to the presence of an antinutrition compound, namely cy...

Roselle contains anthocyanin that is potential for food colorant. Occasionally, roselle extract is provided in dry powder prepared under high temperature. In this case, the anthocyanin color degrades due to the intervention of heat. The foammat drying with egg white is a potential method to speed up the drying process as well as minimize color degr...

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different carrier agents on roselle or Hibiscus sabdariffa L.extract drying. Carrier agent was used for reducing stickiness of material and avoiding agglomeration as well as improving stability. The method consisted of two steps involving roselle extraction and drying process. The liquid rosell...

The ethanol fermentation of enzymatically obtained bitter cassava (Manihot glaziovii) and sweet cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) starches hydrolyzates by the simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process using Saccharomyces cerrevisiae were studied. Granular starch hydrolysing enzyme (GSHE) was used in the process of hydrolysis to...

The objective of this research is to investigate drying kinetics of paddy in fluidized bed dryer with immersed heating element. Paddy with initial moisture content (Xin 0.32 kg/kg dry base) is dried with varied inlet air temperature (ºC): 50; 60, 70, 80, and 90 and with and without immersed heating element. The temperature of immersed heating eleme...

The coupled hydrogen peroxide/ultraviolet irradiation (H2O2/UV) process as one of environmentally friendly advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) has been successfully applied in the oxidation of corn starch. The aim of this work was to develop a simplified model for the describing of reaction kinetics and mass transfer phenomena of starch oxidation u...

High demand of glucomannan for various applications has attracted the attention of researchers to look for efficient extraction method from its botanical sources. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of catalyst concentration and reaction time on the yield and purity of glucomannan, and profile of reducing sugar during glucomannan ext...

This work aimed to study the preparation and physicochemical properties characterization of oxidized gadung starch obtained from oxidation process implementing combined H2O2-UV irradiation. The photo-oxidation process was carried out in a well-mixed slurry reaction system at ambient temperature. The extent of oxidation was determined based on the c...

Salah satu sumber bahan pangan lokal yang belum banyak dimanfaatkan adalah buah sukun (Artocarpus Artilis) yang cukup banyak terdapat di Indonesia. Akan tetapi, pemanfaatan buah sukun terkendala pada kurangnya daya simpan buah segar. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan upaya untuk meningkatkan pemanfaatan buah sukun dengan mengolahnya menjadi produk y...

Sekam padi yang merupakan limbah pertanian dapat menyebabkan pencemaran lingkungan apabila tidak ditangani dengan baik. Sekam padi mempunyai kandungan silika yang tinggi, sehingga berpotensi dimanfaatkan untuk berbagai aplikasi, salah satunya sebagai bahan pengisi barang jadi karet. Silika dari sekam padi dapat diperoleh dengan cara membakar sekam...

In this study, two microalgae flours (Chlorella vulgaris and Spirulina platensis), and a seaweed flour (Eucheuma cottonii) were incorporated to wheat flour in noodles manufacturing. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of the compositions of wheat flour- marine plants flours composite and the compositions of marine plants flour...

With regard to its low viscosity, high stability, clarity, film forming and binding properties, oxidised starch has been widely used in various applications specifically in the food, paper, textile, laundry finishing and binding materials industries. A number of methods have been used to produce oxidised starch through reactions with various oxidiz...

The aims of this study are to present the experimental research on the drying of cassava starch in a pneumatic dryer, to describe its drying curves, as well as to calculate its thermal efficiency. The effects of operating conditions, namely the inlet air temperature (60-100 °C) and solid-gas flow rate ratio (Ms/Mg 0.1-0.3) were studied. Heat transf...

Inconventional ethanol production process, starch is converted into dextrins via liquefaction using α-amylase enzyme at high temperature (90-120°C). Then, dextrins are saccharified by glucoamylase to obtain to monomeric sugars (glucose). Recently, a granular starch hydrolyzing enzymes (GSHE), Stargen 002, was developed to convert starch into dextri...

Hydrogen peroxide is well known as one of environmentally benign reagents for the oxidation of starch. The aim of this work was to develop a simplified model for the describing of mass transfer and reaction kinetics phenomena of non-catalytic and iron complex catalysed starch oxidation using hydrogen peroxide under alkaline condition. The model was...

Gadung (Dioscorea hispida Dennst) tuber contains dioscorin, an alkaloid with high angiotensin converting enzyme-inhibitory capacity. In this research, dioscorin was extracted using microwave assisted extraction (MAE). The objectives of this research were to investigate the influence of ethanol concentration (75 % to 96 % w/w), solvent-material rati...

Acetylation is one of the common methods of modifying starch properties by introducing acetil (CH3CO) groups to starch molecules at low temperatures. While most acetylation is conducted using starch as anhidroglucose source and acetic anhydride or vinyl acetate as nucleophilic agents, this work employ reactants, namely flour and glacial acetic acid...

In addition to the presence of antinutrients, the inferior physicochemical properties of flours has caused gadung (Dioscorea hispida dennst) becomes one of the underutilized tubers in the world. Acetylation is one of the starch modification methods to alter the physicochemical properties of starch, namely swelling power and solubility. The objectiv...

The oxalates content has caused limited utilizations of taro (Colocasia esculenta) as a food material. The insoluble oxalates, especially needle like calcium oxalate crystal may cause irritation, and swelling of mouth and throat. Removal of oxalates in food can be done by physical processes, such as soaking, boiling, and cooking or chemical process...

Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) pericarps contain prenylated xanthone derivates, which exhibit some pharmacological activities, such as antiinflammatory, antihistamine, antibacterial, antivirus, antifungal, antioxidant, and antiulcerogenic. The purpose of this research was to study the dissolution rates of mangosteen pericarp extract granules i...

[Title: Mechanical Properties and Morfology of Biodegradable Plastic from Steamed Rice Waste and Cassava Flour with Glycerol as Plasticizer] The annual consumption of plastic packaging has increased significantly as a response to the increase of people’s need and buying power. As a packaging material, plastic is light, flexible, practical and inexp...

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of sodium bicarbonate concentration, time and temperature on the calcium oxalate reduction in giant taro (Alocasia macrorrhiza (L.) Schott) corm chips during treatment using sodium bicarbonate solution. Prior to the main study, a proximate analysis was carried out to obtain the chemical comp...

Acetylation is one of methods to alter the physicochemical properties of starch. This work aimed to investigate the effect of reaction time, glacial acetic acid/gadung flour (GAA/GF) mass ratio and pH on gadung (Dioscorea hispida dennst) flour acetylation at ambient temperature. The acetylation was carried out by reacting gadung flour slurry with G...

Tanaman talas bogor (Colocasia esculentum (L) Schott) sangat mudah dibudidayakan di daerah tropik dan sub-tropik, termasuk Indonesia. Umbi talas bogor kaya akan karbohidrat, sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai sumber energi yang potensial bagi manusia melalui berbagai proses modifikasi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah memperbaiki kualitas tepung umb...

Tanaman talas bogor (Colocasia esculentum (L) Schott) sangat mudah dibudidayakan di daerah tropik dan sub-tropik, termasuk Indonesia. Umbi talas bogor kaya akan karbohidrat, sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai sumber energi yang potensial bagi manusia melalui berbagai proses modifikasi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah memperbaiki kualitas tepung umb...

This work aimed to determine the minimum fluidization velocity of biomass and river sand particles mixtures at various biomass mass fractions in the range of 0 to 1. Mixtures of river sand and rice husk or corn cob particles were chosen to represent mixtures of particles with different size, density and shape. Based on the experimental data obtaine...

This work aimed to determine the minimum fluidization velocity of biomass and river sand particles mixtures at various biomass mass fractions in the range of 0 to 1. Mixtures of river sand and rice husk or corn cob particles were chosen to represent mixtures of particles with different size, density and shape. Based on the experimental data obtaine...

This work aimed to investigate the effects of hazardous compounds (NO and SO2) in flue gas on Chlorella JPR-1 growth in a raceway pond photobioreactor at ambient temperature (30 °C) without pH control. Chlorella JPR-1 exhibited its tolerant to CO2 content in the flue gas as high as 50%. The maximum carbon fixation rate (1.84 g CO2/L.day) observed w...

Precipitation of mannan from Aloe vera leaf pulp juice was investigated using anti-solvent precipitation process under room temperature condition. The aims of this work were to study the effects of types (methanol and isopropyl alcohol) and amount of anti-solvent on the precipitation phenomena and to propose a simple mathematics model for evaluatin...

Within 20 years, Indonesia should find another energy alternative to substitute current fossil oil. Current use of renewable energy is only 5% and need to be improved up to 17% of our energy mix program. Even though, most of the area in Indonesia is covered by sea, however the utilization of microalgae as biofuel production is still limited. The bi...

The overproduction of jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam) during harvest season and its short shelf-life have caused serious losses for farmers. Fortunately, high sugar content of the fruit pulp makes the juice a potential substrate for wine production. This work was purposed to investigate the effect of yeast and initial sugar concentrations...

The aim of this study was to study the modification of gadung (Dioscorea hispida Dennst) flour using ginger oil as cross-linking agent following dispersion method to meet the standard physicochemical properties of wheat flour. For this purpose, effect of gadung starch: ginger oil molar ratio (2 and 3), reaction time (30, 60, 90 and 120 min) and tem...

An alkaline catalyzed glycerolysis of used frying oil using sodium hydroxide and isopropyl alcohol as solvent was investigated. A reaction kinetic model considering glycerol-triglyceride solubility and a secondorder kinetic mechanism was also developed. The effect of variations in glycerol to used frying oil molar ratio (R GO = 2:1 to 4:1) and temp...

The aim of this study was to study the modification of gadung (Dioscorea hispida Dennst) flour using ginger oil as cross-linking agent following dispersion method to meet the standard physicochemical properties of wheat flour. For this purpose, effect of gadung starch: ginger oil molar ratio (2 and 3), reaction time (30, 60, 90 and 120 min) and tem...

Gadung (Dioscorea hispida Dennst.) has been considered as one of staple foods in Indonesia. However, its high cyanides content has limited its utilisation for commercial food production. This work is aimed to investigate the removal of cyanides content from gadung tuber chips through two consecutive treatments, i.e. leaching and steaming and to pro...

The solid solubilities of 2α,3β-dihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid (corosolic acid) in supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) have been measured using a dynamic method at (308.15, 313.15, 323.15, and 333.15) K over a pressure range of (8 to 30) MPa. Prior to solubility measurements, the accuracy of the experimental apparatus was examined by measuring so...

Black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) essential oil has been widely used as a warming and energizing oil that is helpful at the onset of respiratory infections, and for soothing muscular aches and pains. Extraction of essential oil using conventional techniques has considerable limitations, such as low extracting power and selectivity, possibility of solv...

The solubilities of 2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)chromenylium-3,5,7-triol (delphinidin) in water, methanol, ethanol, and acetone have been measured spectrophotometrically at various temperatures ranging from (298 to 343) K under atmospheric pressure. Delphinidin is most soluble in methanol, followed by water, ethanol, and acetone at all measured tempe...

The aim of this study were to observe the possibility of application of microwave heating in the acetylation of cassava starch and to study the physicochemical properties of the starch acetate obtained. The acetylation was carried out by mixing native cassava starch with chloroacetic acid and sodium hydroxide of a certain weight ratio in a sealed c...