Andrey RebrovФгбоу во саратовский гму им. В.и. разумовского · Кафедра госпитальной терапии
Andrey Rebrov
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Publications (287)
The article discusses a morning conference in a multidisciplinary therapeutic hospital as one of the effective and concentrated forms of professional education and the formation of clinical thinking among young specialists. The department's staff members' own experience of conducting morning conferences at a multidisciplinary hospital is presented....
Aim. To study the clinical status and data of laboratory and instrumental examination of patients with non-obstructive ischemic heart disease (IHD) and multifocal atherosclerosis (MFA) included in the KAMMA registry. Material and methods. The subanalysis included 1,893 IHD patients who underwent coronary angiography (CAG) and ultrasonic examination...
Aim. To present data from the AURA Registry (real-world data registry on AlbUminuRia detection rate among patients with previously undiAgnosed chronic kidney disease). It is important to perform population studies both to study the occurrence of markers (albuminuria (AU), decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR)) and the prevalence of chronic kid...
The article presents the experience of the staff of the Department of Hospital Therapy conducting a morning conference on the clinical basis of therapeutic departments of a multidisciplinary hospital. The role and importance of the morning conference format in the organization of hospital work in several areas of activity are considered. The role o...
The aim – to evaluate the clinical effectiveness, safety, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and immunogenicity of seniprutug (BCD-180) in patients with radiographic active axial spondyloarthritis (r-axSpA, or ankylosing spondylitis). Subjects and methods . 260 patients with active r-axSpA and inadequate response to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory...
The article presents the case analysis concerning the successful therapeutic treatment of multiple osteonecrosis in an adult female patient with the juvenile form of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), including an analysis of the risk factors for their development. A comprehensive approach, including limiting axial load on the hip joints, the use...
The considerable prevalence of asymptomatic hyperuricemia (HU) in the general population underscores the need for an in-depth investigation into its impact on the progression of various diseases, including rheumatological and comorbid conditions. This literature review elucidates the association between HU and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and...
Objective : to evaluate the features of development and course of arterial hypertension (AH) and changes in vascular stiffness in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) who underwent COVID-19. Materials and methods : 60 patients with a reliable diagnosis of AS were included in the study. Patients were divided into 2 groups depending on the prese...
Aim. To study the features of the course of COVID-19 in pregnant women, the outcomes of a new coronavirus infection and pregnancy, the effect of concomitant pathology on the severity of the course and the frequency of complications of COVID-19.
Materials and methods. In the course of the work, a retrospective analysis of 109 medical histories of pr...
Objective: to study various aspects of motivation for learning among senior students, residents and postgraduates of a medical university.
Materials and methods : a survey of 174 students at the department was conducted (150 students of the 5th and 6th courses, 24 residents and graduate students). An electronic survey form was used. The survey was...
The article presents literature data on the incidence and risk factors of osteoporosis in ankylosing spondylitis (Bekhterev's disease), the features of the course of the underlying disease in their combination. Separately, the issues of the relationship of inflammation, calcium metabolism, kidney stone formation and osteoporosis are considered. The...
Diagnosing bacterial infection in patients with novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) is not an easy task. Available data suggest that bacterial infection in patients with COVID-19 is rare and occurs in less than 10% of cases. At the same time, data of individual studies and systematic reviews indicate that more than 70% of patients with COVID-19...
The article discusses the concept and educational role of the clinical conference in the preparation of residents of therapeutic specialties at the Department of Hospital Therapy. The purpose of holding a clinical conference of residents is to improve professional and universal competencies and develop clinical thinking in future therapists in the...
The first human cases of new coronavirus (COVID-19), for the disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), were in Wuhan, in December 2019. By June 2022 there had been more than 500 million with confirmed cases of new coronavirus and over 5 million lives lost to the disease. During the earlier SARS-CoV-1 and MERSCo...
Russian Society of Cardiology (RSC)
With the participation of the Eurasian Association of Therapists, the Russian Scientific Medical Society of Therapists (RNMOT), the Russian Society of Pathologists, the Russian Society of Radiologists and Radiologists (RSR)
Approved by the Scientific and Practical Council of the Russian Ministry of Health (30.09....
Background:
There is enough evidence of the negative impact of excess weight on the formation and progression of res piratory pathology. Given the continuing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, it is relevant to determine the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and the clinical features of the novel coronavirus infection (NCI).
Aim:
To study the effect...
Purpose of the study – to study the efficacy and safety of tenoxicam (Texared®) in patients with active axial spondyloarthritis. Material and methods. The study included 35 patients with active axial spondyloarthritis with BASDAI≥4.0. Patients were given continuous oral tenoxicam (Texared®, Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories) at a dosage of 20 mg/day. Subseq...
Background. According to the scientific literature, anti-CD74 IgA antibodies (IgA anti-CD74) are considered as a possible marker for the diagnosis of axial spondyloarthritis (SpA). The level of IgA anti-CD74 in patients with back pain due to degenerative spine disease has not been studied. Therefore, it could be interesting to compare the serum lev...
Background . Cardiovascular disease is one of the major causes of death throughout the world. Early detection of target organ damage is important for more successful cardiovascular prevention and improvement of patient outcomes. Vascular wall is one of the target organs, and its damage is associated with the loss of elastic properties and increase...
Aim . To assess the relationship between the activity of systemic inflammation and the hemoglobin level in patients with spondyloarthritis (SpA).
Materials and methods . We examined 92 patients with SpA aged 42.9 ± 11.6 years (SpA duration – 14.8 ± 9.6 years, 55 (60%) men). We calculated the BASDAI and ASDAS-CRP scores, performed complete blood cou...
Objective: to assess the frequency and nature of prescribing antibiotics to patients with confirmed COVID-19 at the outpatient stage.
Material and methods: a survey was conducted of 104 patients with confirmed COVID-19 and their medical records were analyzed. Patients received treatment in various outpatient facilities in the city of Saratov .
Result...
Aim to determine the clinical and laboratory relationships of the level of soluble stimulating growth factor expressed by genome 2 (sST2) with indicators characterizing the development of cardiovascular pathology in patients with spondyloarthritis (SPA). Materials and methods. A total of 46 patients aged 39.2 ± 10.2 years with SpA (including 40 (87...
Although antibiotics (AB) are ineffective for the treatment of COVID-19, they are often prescribed to patients with the novel coronavirus infection (NCV) for a variety of reasons. They include the difficulty of excluding bacterial co-infection at the first contact with the patient, as well as the possibility of developing a secondary bacterial infectio...
Aim. To carry out comparative analysis of echocardiographic and electrocardiographic (ECG) data of survivors and deceased patients with COVID-19 (sub-analysis of the international register “Dynamics analysis of comorbidities in SARS-CoV-2 survivors”).Material and methods. The study presents the results of a sub-analysis of the international AKTIV r...
At an online meeting of experts held on May 14, 2021 additional research results on a sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitor empagliflozin in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction were considered. According to the data from the EMPEROR-Reduced international study, cardiovascular and renal effects of empagliflozin the...
Russian Society of Cardiology (RSC)
With the participation: Eurasian Association of Therapists (EUAT), Society of Specialists in Heart Failure (OSSN), Russian Scientific Medical Society of Therapists (RNMOT), Russian Society of Pathologists, Russian Society of Radiologists and Radiologists (RSR)
Endorsed by: Research and Practical Council of the Mi...
In medical literature, increasing attention is paid to comorbidities in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In clinical practice, physicians often hesitate to prescribe beta-blockers (β1-adrenoblockers) to COPD patients. This article summarized new results of using beta-blockers in patients with COPD. According to reports, t...
Aim
To investigate the effects of regular intake of the medications prescribed for cardiovascular (CV) diseases and other conditions before the infection on the severity and outcome of COVID-19 based on the ACTIV registry.
Materials and methods
ACTIV registry was organized by the Eurasian Association of Therapists. The registry included 5808 patien...
Aim: to study parameters of arterial stiffness and subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) without clinically manifest cardiovascular pathology depending on the presence of anemia.
Material and methods. 102 patients with axSpA (mean age – 37.7±9.8 years, axSpA duration – 13.5±8.7 years, 66 (64.7%) men) were incl...
An online meeting of experts held on November 6, 2020 describes the results of EMPA-REG OUTCOME and EMPEROR-Reduced trials on sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitor empagliflozin. We analyzed cardiovascular and renal outcomes in patients with and without type 2 diabetes (T2D) receiving empagliflozin. A number of proposals and recommendat...
The international AKTIV register presents a detailed description of out- and inpatients with COVID-19 in the Eurasian region. It was found that hospitalized patients had more comorbidities. In addition, these patients were older and there were more men than among outpatients. Among the traditional risk factors, obesity and hypertension had a signif...
The purpose of the study is to analyze the state of liver function in patients with spondyloarthritis taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs continuously for 24 months. Materials and methods of the study include 198 patients with spondyloarthritis. The prospective study involved 36 patients with spondyloarthritis who took non-steroidal anti-i...
The organizer of the registers “Dynamics analysis of comorbidities in SARSCoV-2 survivors” (AKTIV) and “Analysis of hospitalizations of comorbid patients infected during the second wave of SARS-CoV-2 outbreak” (AKTIV 2) is the Eurasian Association of Therapists (EAT). Currently, there are no clinical registries in the Eurasian region designed to co...
Objective: to reveal the features of the use of beta-blockers (BB) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and chronic heart failure (CHF) in real clinical practice.
Materials and methods : the study included 90 patients with COPD and CHF, and 41 patients with CHF of ischemic genesis without COPD.
Results: patients with COPD a...
Objective — to study the frequency and characteristics of the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in patients with cardiovascular diseases hospitalized in the emergency departments of cardiology. Materials and methods. Examined 190 patients hospitalized in the emergency cardiology departments of the State Healthcare Institution Reg...
Comorbid patients are one of the most vulnerable groups in the COVID-19 pandemic. At present, there are no clinical registries in Russia for collection and analysis of information about delayed consequences of comorbidities in patients after COVID-19. The Eurasian Association of Therapists has initiated creation of a registry for an important scien...
COVID-19 is a severe infection with high mortality. The concept of the disease has been shaped to a greater extent on the basis of large registers from the USA, Spain, Italy, and China. However, there is no information on the disease characteristics in Caucasian patients.Therefore, we created an international register with the estimated capacity of...
Aim: to assess changes in parameters of vascular stiffness, central aortic pressure (CAP) as well as reflected pulse wave in women in different phases of the climacteric period.
Materials and Methods. An open non-randomized single-center comparative study was conducted with 384 menopausal women subdivided into: Group 1 – 168 women at menopausal tra...
The agreement of experts of the Eurasian Association of Therapists (EAT) discusses pathogenesis and treatment of COVID-19. Modern data on the characteristics of cardiovascular, kidney, respiratory damage in SARS-infected CoV-2 are presented. The tactics of managing patients initially having cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, chronic obstru...
Aim of the study. Evaluation of treatment adherence in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and comorbidity.
Materials and methods. One hundred thirty-two women (mean age: 55.5 ± 10.5 years) with proven RA (mean duration of disease: 10.2 [4; 14] years) were included in this study. Patients with moderate and high disease activity were prevalent (...
This article discusses relevant aspects in the treatment of patients with COVID-19. Up-to-date information about principles for administration of statins, antithrombotics, and antiarrhythmics is presented. The authors addressed in detail specific features of reversing heart rhythm disorders in patients with coronavirus infection and the interaction...
Aim — to study the frequency of peripheral joint damage and the incidence of osteophytes in patients with ankylosing spondylitis.Materials and methods. 124 patients with ankylosing spondylitis corresponding to the international New York criteria of 1984 were examined; 84 men (67,7%). There are two groups of patients: patients aged under 40 years (n...
The article discusses pathogenesis and treatment of COVID-19. The authors presented state-of-the-art insight into hemostatic disorders in patients with COVID-19 and clinical recommendations on prevention of thrombosis and thromboembolism in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. The article discussed in detail a new hypothesis proposed by Chinese physi...
Aim. To evaluate 24-hour dynamics of the arterial stiffness main indicators in patients with bronchial asthma of various severity and control.
Materials and methods. The study included 119 patients with bronchial asthma, who formed main groups: the first group – 48 patients with
mild and moderate asthma, the second – 71 patients with severe asthma....
This document is a Russian Society of Cardiology Expert Consensus for the management of patients with cardiovascular diseases during the COVID-19 pandemy.
The docunent provides current information on the 1st April 2020.
Spondyloarthritides (SpAs) is a group of chronic inflammatory diseases of the spine, joints, and entheses characterized by common clinical, radiological, and genetic features. According to international guidelines, one of the main goals of SpA treatment is to ensure the longest possible preservation of the patient's quality of life (QOL). The use o...
Introduction
Features of changes in the vascular wall in women of the menopausal period are not sufficiently illuminated. Most of the studies evaluating the effect of menopausal hormonal therapy (MHT) on the structural and functional state of the vascular wall were limited to the time frame from several months to 1–3 years, which distinguishes them...
Introduction
This is the first pilot study to assess the functional state of the vascular wall in postmenopausal women on the background of ultra low-dose menopausal hormone therapy (MHT).
Purpose
To evaluate the protective effects on endothelial function of ultra-low-dose MHT 0.5 mg of 17β-estradiol (E2) and 0.25 mg of drospirenone (DRSP) in post...
Cardiovascular disease is one of the major causes of death throughout the world. Early detection of target organ damage is important for more successful prevention of cardiovascular diseases and improvement of patient outcomes. One of these target organs is the vascular wall, and its damage consists in loss of elastic properties and increase in sti...
The Assessment of Spondyloarthritis International Society (ASAS) Health Index (HI) is a comprehensive tool for quantifying the health of patients with axial (ax) spondyloarthritis (SpA), including ankylosing spondylitis (AS). ASAS HI was developed on the basis of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF). The que...
Background
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that causes joint damage, deformity, and pain. This can lead to loss of functionality and mobility, which entails a decrease in the quality of life and the possible occurrence of anxiety and depressive disorders[1].
Objectives
Assess the quality of life in women with RA, dependin...
Objective: to study the efficacy and safety of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment with monoclonal antibodies to interleukin 6 receptors (IL6R) – sarilumab (SAR) in combination with methotrexate (MT).
Subjects and methods. The study included adult patients with moderate or severe RA and inadequate effect of MT monotherapy. Patients were randomized...
Aim to identify outdated terms and make changes to the terminology of spondyloarthritis.
Materials and methods:
At the first stage of the work, the terms divided into two categories: "outdated" definitions and terms that need to be improved or unified. Subsequently, each member of the Expert Group of Spondyloarthritis at the Association of Rheuma...
Aim:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the state of the vascular wall in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) combined with chronic coronary artery disease (CAD).
Materials and methods:
The study included 108 patients: 37 patients with COPD and CAD and 71 patients with COPD without CAD. Endothelial function was studied...
ASAS health index (ASAS HI) is a comprehensive tool developed on the basis of the international system of ICF (the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health) to quantify the health of patients with spondyloarthritis (SPA), including ankylosing spondylitis (AS). ASAS HI is a questionnaire containing 17 questions, each relate...
Aim. To elucidate clinical and diagnostic features of chronic heart failure (CHF) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Materials and methods. The study included 239 patients with COPD and 42 patients with CHF without COPD. The first subgroup consisted of 60 patients with a history of myocardial infarction (MI) and the seco...
Objectives. To analyze the causes of the non-use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAID) and discontinuation of previously used NSAID treatment in patients with chronic nonspecific back pain (CBP). Materials and methods. Treatment was analyzed in 250 patients with CBP initially and at one and two years. Results and conclusions. A total of 52 CB...
Background : Anemia is a frequent comorbid conditions in patients with spondyloarthritis (SpA). Its development is associated with the activity of the underlying disorder, and in some cases can be a complication of medical treatment. Investigation into the particulars of the anemia, its prevalence in SpA patients is of considerable interest due to...
Aim:
The evaluation the occurrence of comorbidities in patients with inflammatory diseases of the spine and joints and the assessment of the general changes in comorbidities at the beginning of the XXI century compared to previous period.
Materials and methods:
Comorbidity was analyzed in 245 patients with spondyloarthritis who participated in t...
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) creates conditions for endothelial damage with the development of endothelial dysfunction: hypoxia, an increase in biologically active substances, including cytokines, leukotrienes, etc. Previous studies have been conducted in COPD patients with a combination of arterial hypertension and coronary heart d...
Background:
Benralizumab is an interleukin-5 receptor α-directed cytolytic monoclonal antibody that has been shown to safely reduce exacerbations and improve lung function for patients with asthma. We assessed the long-term safety and efficacy of benralizumab for patients with severe, uncontrolled eosinophilic asthma.
Methods:
We conducted a ran...
Background:
Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists differ in chemical structure, duration of action, and in their effects on clinical outcomes. The cardiovascular effects of once-weekly albiglutide in type 2 diabetes are unknown. We aimed to determine the safety and efficacy of albiglutide in preventing cardiovascular death, myocardial infarcti...
Background:
Biological disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) are recommended for radiographic axial spondyloarthritis, otherwise known as ankylosing spondylitis, when conventional therapies are not effective. We report efficacy and safety data on ixekizumab, a high-affinity monoclonal antibody that selectively targets interleukin-17A (I...
Objective: to evaluate kidney function in patients with spinal degenerative-dystrophic diseases (SDDDs) who take nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) as repeated short cycles of treatment for severe back pain.
Patients and methods. The investigation enrolled 97 patients with SDDDs who took NSAIDs for back pain (a study group). A control gr...
The symptoms similar to those detected in rheumatic diseases in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are due to various pathogenetic mechanisms (immune cell imbalance, antibody production, etc.). The occurrence of rheumatic symptoms and syndromes in HIV infection can lead to diagnostic errors and wrong treatment policy (use of...
Aim:
To identify markers of adverse outcomes in patients with a combination of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and chronic heart failure (CHF).
Materials and methods:
35 patients with COPD (without an anamnesis of coronary heart disease), 68 patients with COPD and CHF, 28 patients with CHF of ischemic genesis who were on treatment a...
This article represents clinical case of idiopathic pulmonary hypertension in 34 years old woman. Discussion questions of late diagnosis this rare disease, questions of differential diagnosis with pulmonary embolism in real clinical practice. As a rule, idiopathic pulmonary hypertension develops gradually without any pathognomonic symptoms. Disease...
The paper discusses the process for validation of the Russian-language EQ-5D-5L version to assess quality of life. According to international and national guidelines, the primary goal of treating spondyloarthritis (SpA) is to preserve the quality of life (QOL) of a patient as long as possible, by achieving control of the main symptoms of the diseas...
Aim: changes in the main cardiometabolic risk factors in women of the climacteric period in early and long-term use of combined drospirenone-containing menopausal hormone therapy.
Material and Methods. The study included 210 menopausal women divided into 3 groups: 1 group (n=48) included women who, after reaching menopause, switched from a drospire...
Background:
Guselkumab, a human monoclonal antibody that binds to the p19 subunit of interleukin 23, has been approved for the treatment of moderate-to-severe psoriasis. Psoriatic arthritis is a common comorbidity of psoriasis with an umet need for novel treatments. We assessed the efficacy and safety of guselkumab in patients with active psoriati...
Background
The problem of axial spondyloarthritis’ (axSpA) differential diagnostics is not solved, especially in the early stages of the axSpA. Therefore, new diagnostic markers for axSpA are needed.
Objectives
of the study were to evaluate the prevalence, sensitivity and specificity of anti-CD74 autoantibodies (anti-CD74-AB) in HLA-B27 associated...
Background
Nephrotoxicity in short-term or continuous NSAIDs administration is well-known problem of anti-inflammatory treatment. However, data about kidney injury in case of repeated short-term courses of NSAIDs treatment are limited.
Objectives
of the present study was to evaluate the kidney functions in patients with degenerative spine disease...
In 2015, the experts from various medical associations of Russia elaborated the clinical guidelines “Rational use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in clinical practice”. These guidelines were drawn up to improve the use of NSAIDs, our country’s most popular agents to treat pain in acute and chronic diseases. The main purpose of this...
Pulmonary hypertension is characterized with persistent increase in pulmonary vascular resistance leading to progressive worsening of right ventricular failure and death. The basis for pulmonary arterial hypertension is structural changes in pulmonary arteries and arterioles caused by endothelial dysfunction. Endothelin-1 is the main pathogenic tri...
The paper gives the definition of remission in axial spondyloarthritides (axSpA), which has been developed by the Spondyloarthritis Study Group of Experts. The work used the Delphi technique. At stage 1, based on the analysis of the data available in the literature and on their own clinical experiences, the experts proposed some variants of the def...
Objective. To evaluate the cardiovascular safety of long-term use of a combination of 1 mg 17β-estradiol and 2 mg drospirenone (DRSP) (1 mg E2/2 mg DRSP) in early postmenopausal women. Subjects and methods. A total of 162 early postmenopausal women were examined and divided into 2 groups: 1) 84 patients who were on menopausal hormone therapy (MHT)...
Aim:
To evaluate severity and pattern of structural and functional changes of vascular wall in early postmenopausal women receiving chronic treatment with a low-dose combination of 17β-estradiol (E2) 1 mg and drospirenone 2 mg (DRSP). Evaluation of structural and functional arterial remodeling might be important for assessment of cardiovascular ri...
Aim:
To study the changes in pain syndrome and its characteristic in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) who received tenoxicam after non-effective treatment with NSAIDs on the 'on-demand' basis.
Material and methods:
Forty patients with AS, who had BASDAI ≥4.0 at baseline and after 52 weeks of NSAIDs on the 'on-demand' basis, were randomi...
The objective: Assessment of changes in the vascular wall stiffness in menopausal women receiving different regimens of drospirenone-containing menopausal hormone therapy (MHT). Material and methods: The study included 210 menopausal women. Group 1 (n = 48) comprised women who after reaching menopause were switched from a drospirenone-containing ho...
The modern diagnostic approaches permit to diagnose axial spondylarthrosis (axSpA) at roentgenologic stage corresponding to ankylosing spondylitis (AS). While early diagnostic of non-roentgenologic axSpA (nr-axSpA) is still complicated. This situation conditions a need in searching new laboratory biomarkers for early diagnostic of spondylarthrosis,...
Mortality from cardiovascular diseases in the Russian Federation is one of the highest globally and amounts to 614 per 100,000 people per year. The leading causes of death associated with cardiovascular diseases are the progression of chronic heart failure (about half of all deaths) and sudden cardiac death (SCD) (the other half). According to the...
Aim:
To evaluate changes in the concentration of biomarkers for osteoproliferation and bone resorption in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients treated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in different regimens.
Subjects and methods:
Forty patients with AS (according to the modified New York criteria), who had BASDAI ≥ 4.0 at baseli...
One of the important problems in pulmonology – lower respiratory tract infections that occupy a significant place in the structure of the pulmonary pathology. The major nosological entities at which this infection is the leading or the major ethiologic factor of the lower respiratory tract lesion is community-acquired pneumonia, exacerbations of th...
The paper gives recommendations for the drug therapy of axial spondyloarthritides, which have been developed by the Spondyloarthritis Study Group of Experts. The recommendations describe the patient management tactic in the most common clinical situations, which is aimed at maximizing the efficacy and safety of treatment.
The paper gives the recommendations for the assessment of disease activity and functional status in patients with ankylosing spondylitis in clinical practice, which have been developed by experts, by taking into account international and Russian experience in managing these patients.