
Andrew PeacockHeriot-Watt University · Institute for Infrastructure and Environment
Andrew Peacock
PhD
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69
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Publications (69)
With rapid global economic growth and a rise in disposable household income, particularly within a progressively warming planet, the escalating demand for energy to achieve thermal comfort has become a salient concern in the Global South, notably in emerging economies like India. This burgeoning need for cooling solutions has not only underscored t...
Of the 33 global megacities, 10 were situated in South Asia. Extreme heat waves have become an annual phenomenon due to climate change in South Asian megacities, causing severe health issues and even deaths. In this study, we evaluated 29 years (1990–2019) of historical data on heat stress in ten selected megacities (existing and prospective)—New D...
Of 33 Global Megacities, ten are situated in South Asia. Extreme heat waves are becoming an annual phenomenon due to climate change in South Asian megacities. In this study, we evaluated 29 years (1990-2019) of historical data on heat stress in ten selected megacities (existing and prospected)-New Delhi, Dhaka, Mumbai, Kolkata, Ahmedabad, Chennai,...
Missing data are an integral part of a large dataset and one of the first key challenge that needs to be resolved effectively before conducting any reliable data-driven analytics or model development. Recently, several studies focused their attention on investigating the potential of computational approaches for missing data imputation. With readil...
https://virtual.oxfordabstracts.com/#/event/2726/submission/110
Climate change is one of the key factors impacting various natural and physical processes. These processes are often studied as time series, i.e. in the form of dynamic sequences of observations recorded in chronology. This talk presents the performance of a novel ‘climatic module’ de...
The lockdowns induced by the COVID-19 pandemic has been forcing people to work and school from home. This study aimed to investigate the impact of COVID-19 lockdown on residential grid electricity and decentralised solar energy consumption in 100 houses from southwestern UK homes with Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS). We analysed highly granul...
The lockdowns induced by the COVID-19 pandemic has been forcing people to work and school from home. This study aimed to investigate the impact of COVID-19 lockdown on residential grid electricity and decentralised solar energy consumption in 100 houses from southwestern UK homes with Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS). We analysed highly granul...
Extreme disruptive scenarios such as pandemic lockdown force people to alter regular daily routines, impacting their energy consumption pattern. The implication of such a disruptive scenario for a more extended period on energy consumption is uncertain. This study aimed to investigate the impact of COVID-19 lockdown on residential electricity consu...
This paper presents a novel approach for developing a Demand Profile Synthesis Tool (DPSTool) involving the decomposition of electricity demand into subcomponents and selectively applying cutting-edge statistical modelling techniques for predicting (short/long-term) domestic energy demand patterns. The DPSTool will be underpinned by a new 'climate...
TRANSFARM seeks to advance knowledge on the potential for socio-economically inclusive sustainable energy solutions (SES) to transform farming value-chains across sub-Saharan Africa. Using Nigeria as our case study site, we conducted a needs assessment across four local government areas in Ogun state to understand farmers upstream and downstream te...
This paper presents a novel system of data-driven approaches for simulating the dynamics of electricity demand profiles. Demand profiles of individual dwellings are decomposed into deterministic (e.g. ‘Trends’ and ‘Seasonal’) and stochastic (‘remainder’) components using the STL (a Seasonal-Trend decomposition procedure based on Loess) approach. St...
With the rise in cooling demand and the permeation of decentralised renewable energy resources in electricity networks, electricity demand-side management (DSM) has become a major tool for electricity planning and decarbonisation in the Global South. In India, the commercial application of DSM is not new, yet utility-driven residential-scale demand...
Modelling transient community-level peak energy demand event is often challenging, as it requires the acquisition and systematic analysis/modelling of electricity demand data across a large number of buildings. Electricity demand data with diverse demand characteristic can be analysed/modelled/aggregated (in time) to understand the impact of variou...
As the world continues to deal with climate-induced heat events, sustainable energy behaviours, or lifestyles combined with non-behavioural interventions have been identified as crucial pathways to curb the demand for air conditioners. Typically, ecological communities serve as a reference point for sustainable lifestyles as they have strong enviro...
According to the India Energy Security Scenario 2047, the number of residential air conditioner (A/C) units may increase seven-fold by 2037 as compared to 2017. Also, the related energy consumption might increase four times in the next two decades, according to India’s National Cooling Action Plan. Therefore, the study of occupant cooling behaviour...
Our energy systems are complex structures encompassing the supply, transmission, distribution and demand of energy. Understanding the role of the built environment within this energy system is crucial for understanding energy demand, and requires an upscaling from building performance modelling to community energy modelling. It also requires a suit...
Electricity demand profiles of dwellings are mainly composed of various known (deterministic) and unknown (stochastic) processes. Effective data processing approaches (such as time series decomposition) are mainly used to simplify underlying patterns in the complex stochastic processes by fragmenting the different layers of hidden processes (referr...
This paper examines the major challenges associated with evaluating energy demand in the residential building sector in an integrated energy system modelling environment. Three established modelling fields are examined to generate a framework for assessing the impact of energy policy: energy system models, building stock models and dynamic building...
Blockchains or distributed ledgers are an emerging technology that has drawn considerable interest from energy supply firms, startups, technology developers, financial institutions, national governments and the academic community. Numerous sources coming from these backgrounds identify blockchains as having the potential to bring significant benefi...
Energy Performance Certificates need a degree of consistency if the information provided by these documents are to be used for applications designed to improve the energy efficiency of the building stock of a country. This study demonstrates, through investigations of small samples of dwellings, that the level of quality, and outputs, from a standa...
Home energy management systems are widely promoted as essential components of future low carbon economies. It is argued in this paper that assumptions surrounding their deployment, and the methods used to design them, emerge from discredited models of people and energy. This offers an explanation for why their field trial performance is so inconsis...
In a world where the need to Mitigate against, and Adapt to, a rapidly changing climate is pressing, so too is the need to re-think the way we power our lifestyles. If we are to survive as a species we will need to substantially reduce the greenhouse gas emissions that result from our life-styles. In addition we will need to develop energy supply s...
The smart grid concept has emerged as a revised method of electricity provision that supports decarbonisation, energy security and affordability agendas. Its success is often predicated on energy users taking a more active role. This is taken here to mean that they make decisions about their energy practices based on information provided to them ab...
This article introduces a methodological approach for analysing time series data from multiple sensors in order to estimate home occupancy. The approach combines the Dempster-Shafer theory, which allows the fusion of ‘evidence’ from multiple sensors, with the Hidden Markov Model. The procedure addresses some of the practicalities of occupancy estim...
There is increasing penetration of renewable generation in buildings and districts. There are challenges in making the effective use of this generation. The objective of the ORIGIN project (Orchestration of Renewable Integrated Generation In Neighborhoods) is to shape loads so that the fraction of energy consumed that is from local renewable genera...
Short-term prediction of meteorological variables is important for many applications. For example, many 'smart grid' planning and control scenarios rely on accurate short term prediction of renewable energy generation, which in turn requires accurate forecasts of wind-speed, cloud-cover, and other such variables. Accurate short-term weather forecas...
Short-term prediction of meteorological variables is important for a wide range of applications. In particular, many 'smart grid' planning and control scenarios rely on accurate short term predictions of renewable energy generation, which in turn requires accurate forecasting of wind-speed, cloud-cover, temperature and other such variables. Accurat...
When visioning for best possible future energy systems in a world with growing populations, limited fossil fuel resources, rising energy prices and less energy security -more individuals, communities and cities are looking to utilise autarkic principles to harvest, store and optimise use of local energy resources. Energy autarky can be described as...
In December 2013, ICF International was commissioned by DECC to carry out research into the
customer’s experience of booking and having a Green Deal assessment. This was done
through a mystery shopping research exercise in which 48 recruited mystery shoppers booked
multiple Green Deal assessments. The study team subsequently analysed the mystery
sh...
Mass market demand response programmes may be utilised to assist bulk power network management of fluctuations in output from renewable generation systems. The use of actuated systems may delay the timing at which the technique becomes useful because of the need for the deployment of hardware and software architecture in households. In contrast, de...
Concerns about climate change, energy security and the volatility of the price of fossil fuels has led to an increased demand for renewable energy. With wind turbines being one of the most mature renewable energy technologies available, the global use of wind power has been growing at over 20% annually, with further adoption to be expected. As a re...
As part of the Tarbase project, the Tarbase Domestic Model was developed to assess the energy performance of dwellings and options for carbon-saving refurbishments. While subject to the usual limits of steady-state building models, the Tarbase model allows the estimation to be tailored to a specific dwelling, with climate and internal activity acco...
This paper reviews the current status of microgeneration technologies at the domestic scale. Overviews are given for nine such technologies, grouped into three sections: (a) low carbon heating: condensing boilers, biomass boilers and room heaters, air source and ground source heat pumps; (b) renewables: solar photovoltaic panels, flat plate and eva...
Dynamic simulation is used with defined domestic building variants to investigate internal temperatures of UK dwellings. Factors such as a warming climate and varying internal heat gains are estimated to examine whether UK domestic buildings are likely to be prone to overheating in the future, and therefore require mechanical air conditioning. The...
The feasibility of halving greenhouse gas emissions from hotels by 2030 has been studied as part of the Carbon Vision Buildings Programme. The aim of that programme was to study ways of reducing emissions from the existing stock because it will be responsible for the majority of building emissions over the next few decades. The work was carried out...
There are more than 22 million dwellings in the EU27 and approximately 8 million dwellings in USA and Canada that were built before 1919. A large proportion of these are likely to be of uninsulated solid wall construction. The UK has between 5.5 and 7.3 million solid wall dwellings. They are potentially responsible for almost 50% of the total CO2 e...
A recent, major UK research project investigated technical and social aspects of reducing the CO2 emissions of UK domestic housing by 50% by the year 2030. As 80% of the UK housing stock that will be present in 2030 has already been built, this study aimed to research the whole life costs of three sets of energy demand reduction technologies for ex...
Refurbishment of existing UK dwellings is vital if emission reduction targets are to be met. However, the costs at an individual dwelling level of deploying interventions that will produce the necessary scale of emission reductions are opaque and the response of the householder to these is unknown. The objectives of this study were to a) identify a...
An assessment is presented of the prospective use of micro-generation systems in conjunction with electrolysers and hydrogen stores for refuelling private bi-fuel (gasoline/hydrogen) cars with hydrogen. For a range of system sizes and three power source operating modes, predictions are made of the annual travel range on hydrogen and the associated...
Meeting thermal comfort and internal air quality standards for schools can be difficult for buildings that, traditionally in the UK, have not used mechanical ventilation and air-conditioning. With a trend towards increased internal gains, and climate change predicted to cause a significant rise in temperatures, this issue becomes more problematic....
This article was submitted without an abstract, please refer to the
full-text PDF file.
A critical review of the literature relating to government
policy and behavioural aspects relevant to the uptake and
application of microgeneration in the UK is presented.
Given the current policy context aspiring to zero-carbon
new homes by 2016 and a variety of minimum standards
and financial policy instruments supporting
microgeneration in exist...
This article was submitted without an abstract, please refer to the full-text PDF file.
The micro-scale wind turbine industry is expanding in the UK with institutional support and UK legislation encouraging the development of numerous companies with a profusion of design options. The application of micro wind turbines in urban environment is encouraged in the UK via a grant scheme which provides a proportion of the initial capital cos...
There is a large consensus concerning the expected trend, if not the magnitude of change, of the UK climate in the coming decades [Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, April 2007]. This study aims to quantify how such changes will have a direct effect on heating and cooling energy us...
The Balerno project is the first working demonstration of the DBB concept. As a result it is heavily monitored to ensure that as much information as possible is gathered. This is being used to prove the application of DI and further develop the understanding of using such a system at commercial scale.
This paper considers the relationship between heat-saving and micro-combined heat and power (μCHP) technological interventions for reducing the carbon footprint of existing domestic dwellings within the UK housing stock. The relationship between the annual heat requirement of individual dwellings and the CO2 savings attributable to different μCHP s...
Dynamic breathing building (DBB) is a new, innovative approach to construction that effectively reduces heat loss / gain through the fabric of a building, delivers pre-tempered ventilation air that has been filtered of Particulate Matter (PM) and reduces the operating and capital costs of the building. By drawing ventilation air in through a permea...
A critique is presented of recent proposals by the UK government to require new housing to become progressively more energy efficient, leading to net zero-carbon dioxide emissions from 2016. It is implied that these zero-carbon homes will involve a range of on-site power generation, and the technological changes needed to achieve this are discussed...
As micro-CHP systems move towards mass deployment an increasing emphasis will be placed on their effect on time-varying demands for network electricity. A 50 dwelling data set of heat and power demands was employed to investigate the implementation of various penetrations of μCHP system on the resultant electrical load profile using two control met...
Recent research by the Tyndall Centre in the UK has suggested that a 70 % reduction in CO2 emissions will be required by 2030 to mitigate the worst impacts of global climate change. In the UK, approximately 30 % of CO2 emissions are attributable to domestic buildings. Of the UK housing stock that will be present in 2030, 80 % will have been constru...
SUMMARY Conventional energy sources continue to diminish, b ut the voracious demand for energy by a growing global population continues to increase. T he accompanying CO 2 and other green house gas emissions have been identified as primary cause s of global warming. As a consequence, the demand for cooling in buildings is expected to rise sharply w...
The effects of applying micro-CHP systems to a single dwelling, and to various dwellings within a group, are investigated by using gas and electricity consumption data recorded on a 1-min time base across a full year. Micro-CHP systems based on Stirling engines and fuel cells are predicted to supply 25–46% of the single dwelling's annual electricit...
The effects of applying combined heat and power systems, based on Stirling engines and fuel cells, to single UK dwellings are investigated by using heat and power demand data recorded on a 1-min time base across a full year. The control regime has a major influence upon economic and CO2 savings for Stirling engine systems due to their high heat–pow...
Executive Summary (first section)
The UK residential sector can deliver a 60% reduction in carbon dioxide emissions by 2050, in line with the targets outlined in UK Government’s 2003 Energy White Paper. Such a reduction is essential in light of the growing impact of climate change. This represents a significant challenge that requires some hard, bu...
Breathing walls provide a practical and viable technology that enables provision of high quality indoor environments, uses less energy, and combats urban air pollution. The paper presents a state-of-the-art review of how breathing walls work, the materials used in their construction, and how they can be integrated in environmentally responsive buil...
Summary This paper investigates a modular breathing wall cladding panel for commercial buildings and office blocks in polluted urban environments. Such panels enable the building envelope to act as an efficient heat exchanger, with reductions in operational energy achieved by using conduction heat loss to pre-heat ventilation air. The panels also a...